Ndi iti mwa mankhwala atatu akuluakulu ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mbewu za tirigu omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri?

Chifukwa chakuti tizilombo tomwe timamera pansi pa nthaka tafala kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa, kugwiritsa ntchito udzu wobwerera m'minda ndi nyengo yozizira kwapereka malo abwino kwa tizilombo tambiri tomwe timamera pansi pa nthaka. Ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amasankhidwa kuti amere mbewu za tirigu si oyenera, angayambitse mavuto monga kusowa kwa mbande komanso kusweka kwa mizere mu tirigu. Pakadali pano, mankhwala ophera mbewu omwe amapezeka pamsika makamaka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochokera ku nikotini omwe ali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zoyamwa mkati. Oimira wamba ndi mankhwala atatu akuluakulu ophera tizilombo omwe ali mu mankhwala ophera mbewu - imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, ndi thiamethionam.

1. Imidacloprid

Imidacloprid inali mankhwala oyamba ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posakaniza mbewu za tirigu. Unali m'badwo woyamba wa mankhwala osakaniza mbewu za tirigu. Unachita bwino kwambiri pakulima tirigu chaka chimenecho, ndipo unali ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri polimbana ndi nsabwe za tirigu. Pambuyo posakaniza ndi imidacloprid, panali nsabwe zochepa kwambiri pamapeto pake. Komabe, vuto lomwe lilipo ndi imidacloprid ndilakuti ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, tizilombo timayamba kukana. Ndi yoyenera kokha m'madera omwe ali ndi nsabwe zochepa kapena madera omwe ali ndi nsabwe zambiri, kapena madera omwe sanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osakaniza mbewu pafupipafupi. Mtengo wake ndi wotsika. Kuphatikiza apo, imidacloprid ili ndi mphamvu yapakati polimbana ndi nkhupakupa ndi tizilombo tina ta pansi pa nthaka. Sikoyenera kusankha mankhwala osakaniza mbewu okhala ndi imidacloprid paminda yomwe ili ndi tizilombo ta pansi pa nthaka.

2. Thiamethoxam

Pakadali pano, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira tirigu mbewu kuti apewe tizilombo. Choyimira chapadera ndi mankhwala atatu a benomyl·cyprodinil·thiamethoxam.

Thiamethoxam ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pakati pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochokera ku nikotini. Amamatira pamwamba pa mbewu ndipo amatha kuyamwa ndi mizu pambuyo pake. Bola ngati tizilombo tikudya mbewu, timawotchedwa ndi poizoni ndikufa. Ili ndi mphamvu yotsalira kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo ndi yothandiza kwambiri popewa tizilombo monga nsabwe ndi mphutsi. Poyerekeza ndi imidacloprid, ili ndi ubwino wodziwika bwino pakupha tizilombo komanso kugwira ntchito bwino polimbana ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhala pansi pa nthaka. Pakadali pano, kukana tizilombo ndikochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, thiamethoxam sikuti imangokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zoletsa tizilombo komanso imalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu ya mbewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mankhwala ophera tizilombo otsika mtengo komanso othandiza kwambiri.

3. Clothiandin

M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, opanga ambiri akhala akutsatsa mankhwalawa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito popangira mbewu za tirigu. Mphamvu yake ndi yabwino kwambiri, ndipo ikhoza kulowa m'malo mwa thiamethoxam ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri muzopangira mbewu za tirigu. Mphamvu ya thiamethoxam ndi yotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi ya thiamethionam, koma imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yosungira m'nthaka.

Zolemba:

Choyamba, poika mbewu, mankhwala atatu ophera tizilombo ochokera ku nikotini ayenera kusankhidwa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, alimi amalangizidwa kuti awaphatikize ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, monga carbendazim, benomyl, ndi zina zotero. Chithandizo chophatikizana cha tizilombo ndi matenda n'chofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino.

Kachiwiri, posankha, yesani kusankha mtundu wa chotetezera mbewu choyimitsidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito poika mbewu. Mtundu uwu wapangidwira makamaka kuyika mbewu ndipo uli ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe ungagwiritsidwire ntchito komanso chitetezo chabwino. Ngati sizingatheke kugula chotetezera mbewu choyimitsidwa, mutha kusankha mwachindunji mtundu wa chotetezera mbewu kapena mtundu wa granule wothira madzi (wopanda mtundu wa mafuta osungunuka). Komabe, mukagwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kuwonjezera mlingo woyenera kuti muwonetsetse kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino.