Udzudzu umabwera chaka chilichonse, kodi mungapewe bwanji? Pofuna kuti anthu asavutitsidwe ndi ma vampire awa, anthu akhala akupanga zida zosiyanasiyana zothanirana ndi vutoli. Kuyambira pa maukonde oteteza udzudzu ndi zotchingira pazenera, mpaka mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mankhwala ophera udzudzu, ndi madzi osambira osadziwika bwino, mpaka zibangili zodziwika bwino za pa intaneti zomwe zimachotsa udzudzu m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndani angakhale otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima m'gulu lililonse?
01
Ma Pyrethroids-chida chophera anthu mwachangu
Lingaliro lothana ndi udzudzu lingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: kupha mwachangu ndi kuteteza mosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Pakati pawo, gulu lopha mwachangu silinangokhala ndi mbiri yakale yokha, komanso limakhala ndi zotsatira zomveka. Mu mankhwala ophera udzudzu apakhomo omwe amaimiridwa ndi ma coil a udzudzu, mankhwala ophera udzudzu amagetsi, madzi a coil yamagetsi, mankhwala ophera udzudzu a aerosol, ndi zina zotero, chinthu chachikulu chogwira ntchito ndi pyrethroid. Ndi mankhwala ophera udzudzu omwe amatha kulamulira tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yokhudza kwambiri. Njira yake yogwirira ntchito ndikusokoneza mitsempha ya tizilombo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ife tife chifukwa cha kukwiya, kupindika, ndi ziwalo. Tikagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzudzu, kuti tiphe bwino udzudzu, nthawi zambiri timayesetsa kusunga malo obisika mkati, kuti kuchuluka kwa pyrethroids kusungidwe bwino.
Ubwino waukulu wa pyrethroids ndi wakuti ndi othandiza kwambiri, ndipo amafunika mphamvu zochepa kuti agwetse udzudzu. Ngakhale kuti pyrethroids imatha kusinthidwa ndi kutulutsidwa mu thupi la munthu atapumidwa, akadali poizoni pang'ono ndipo zimakhudza mitsempha ya anthu. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitsenso zizindikiro monga chizungulire, mutu, kupweteka kwa mitsempha komanso ngakhale kufooka kwa mitsempha. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti musaike mankhwala othamangitsa udzudzu mozungulira mutu wa bedi mukagona kuti mupewe kusasangalala komwe kumachitika chifukwa chopuma mpweya wokhala ndi pyrethroids yambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amtundu wa aerosol nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zovulaza zonunkhira, ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi ziwengo ayenera kuzipewa akamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo amtundu wa aerosol. Mwachitsanzo, tulukani m'chipindamo ndikutseka zitseko ndi mawindo nthawi yomweyo mutatha kupopera mankhwala okwanira, kenako bwererani kudzatsegula mawindo kuti mpweya ulowe mkati patatha maola angapo, zomwe zingatsimikizire kuti udzudzu umapha bwino komanso kuti umakhala wotetezeka nthawi yomweyo.
Pakadali pano, mankhwala ofala kwambiri a pyrethroids omwe amapezeka pamsika ndi tetrafluthrin ndi chlorofluthrin. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mphamvu ya cyfluthrin pa udzudzu ndi yabwino kuposa ya tetrafluthrin, koma tetrafluthrin ndi yabwino kuposa cyfluthrin pankhani ya chitetezo. Chifukwa chake, pogula mankhwala othamangitsa udzudzu, mutha kusankha zinthu zinazake malinga ndi munthu amene akugwiritsa ntchito. Ngati palibe ana kunyumba, ndibwino kusankha mankhwala okhala ndi fenfluthrin; ngati pali ana m'banjamo, ndibwino kusankha mankhwala okhala ndi fenfluthrin.
02
Mankhwala ophera udzudzu komanso mankhwala ophera madzi - sungani bwino powapusitsa udzudzu kuti umve fungo lawo
Tikamaliza kulankhula za kupha anthu mwachangu, tiyeni tikambirane za chitetezo chopanda mphamvu. Mtundu uwu uli ngati "mabelu agolide ndi malaya achitsulo" m'mabuku a Jin Yong. M'malo molimbana ndi udzudzu, amasunga "ma vampire" awa kutali ndi ife ndikuwapatula ku chitetezo m'njira zina.
Pakati pawo, mankhwala ophera udzudzu ndi madzi ophera udzudzu ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mfundo yawo yaikulu yophera udzudzu ndi kusokoneza fungo la udzudzu powapopera pakhungu ndi zovala, pogwiritsa ntchito fungo lomwe udzudzu umadana nalo kapena kupanga gawo loteteza pakhungu. Silingathe kununkhiza fungo lapadera lotulutsidwa ndi thupi la munthu, motero limachita gawo lolekanitsa udzudzu.
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti madzi a chimbudzi, omwe alinso ndi mphamvu ya "kuthamangitsa udzudzu", ndi mafuta onunkhira opangidwa ndi mafuta a chimbudzi monga fungo lalikulu komanso limodzi ndi mowa. Ntchito zawo zazikulu ndi kuchotsa kuipitsidwa, kuyeretsa, kutentha koletsa kuyabwa ndi kuyabwa. Ngakhale kuti amathanso kukhala ndi mphamvu inayake yotsutsa udzudzu, poyerekeza ndi mankhwala opopera udzudzu ndi madzi othamangitsa udzudzu, mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi zigawo zazikulu ndizosiyana kwambiri, ndipo ziwirizi sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa wina ndi mnzake.
03
Chibangili Choletsa Udzudzu ndi Choyikira Udzudzu - Chothandiza kapena ayi zimadalira zosakaniza zazikulu
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mitundu ya mankhwala ophera udzudzu pamsika yakhala yochuluka kwambiri. Zinthu zambiri zophera udzudzu zomwe zimavalidwa monga zomata zophera udzudzu, ma buckles ophera udzudzu, mawotchi ophera udzudzu, malamba ophera udzudzu, zomangira za m'manja zophera udzudzu, ndi zina zotero. Ziyenera kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi khungu, zomwe anthu ambiri amakonda, makamaka makolo a ana. Zinthuzi nthawi zambiri zimavalidwa pathupi la munthu ndipo zimapanga gawo loteteza thupi la munthu mothandizidwa ndi fungo la mankhwala, zomwe zimasokoneza kumva fungo la udzudzu, motero zimagwira ntchito yothamangitsa udzudzu.
Pogula mtundu uwu wa mankhwala othamangitsa udzudzu, kuwonjezera pa kuwona nambala ya satifiketi yolembetsera mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndikofunikiranso kuwona ngati ali ndi zosakaniza zogwira mtima, ndikusankha zinthu zomwe zili ndi zosakaniza zoyenera komanso kuchuluka kwake malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pakadali pano, pali zinthu zinayi zotetezeka komanso zothandiza zochotsa udzudzu zomwe zalembetsedwa ndi US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ndipo zalangizidwa ndi US Centers for Disease Control (CDC): DEET, Picaridin, DEET (IR3535) / Imonin), Mafuta a Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE) kapena chotsitsa chake cha Lemon Eucalyptol (PMD). Pakati pawo, zitatu zoyambirira ndi za mankhwala, ndipo zomaliza ndi za zomera. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a zotsatira zake, DEET ili ndi mphamvu yabwino yochotsa udzudzu ndipo imakhala nthawi yayitali, kutsatiridwa ndi picaridin ndi DEET, ndi mafuta a lemon eucalyptus. Udzudzu umakhala nthawi yochepa.
Ponena za chitetezo, chifukwaDEETZimakwiyitsa khungu, nthawi zambiri timalimbikitsa ana kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzudzu omwe ali ndi DEET yochepera 10%. Kwa makanda osakwana miyezi 6, musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera udzudzu omwe ali ndi DEET. Mankhwala ophera udzudzu alibe poizoni komanso zotsatirapo zake pakhungu, ndipo salowa m'khungu. Pakadali pano amadziwika kuti ndi mankhwala otetezeka ophera udzudzu ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Mafuta a mandimu a eucalyptus, omwe amatengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe, ndi otetezeka komanso osakwiyitsa khungu, koma ma hydrocarbon a terpenoid omwe ali nawo angayambitse ziwengo. Chifukwa chake, m'maiko ambiri aku Europe ndi America, sakuvomerezeka kwa ana osakwana zaka zitatu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-05-2022