Ntchito zosiyanasiyana za Ethephon

Ponena zaethefoni, chinthu choyamba chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo mwa anthu ndichakuti ndi njira yowongolera kukula kwa zomera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yomwe imagwira ntchito yofulumizitsa kukhwima, kutsika ndi kukalamba kwa zipatso. Ndipotu, iyi ndi imodzi mwa zotsatira zake. Pali zotsatira zina zambiri? Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za njira zenizeni zogwiritsira ntchito.

Ethephon imayamwa mosavuta ndi zomera ndipo pang'onopang'ono imatulutsa ethylene m'thupi la chomera, kukulitsa ntchito ya peroxidase ya chomera, motero imachepetsa mphamvu ya apical ndikuwonjezera tillers zothandiza, zomwe zimapangitsa chomera kukhala chachifupi komanso champhamvu, ndikuchiletsa kuti chisagwe; ingapangitsenso zomera kukhala zosabereka, zotsatira zake zisanachitike, kulimbikitsa kucha zipatso koyambirira komanso kofanana; imakhalanso ndi mphamvu yopangitsa thonje kutaya masamba ndi mitengo ya tiyi kutaya masamba; ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chothandizira kukhwima kwa zipatso.

I. Kulimbikitsa Kukhwima kwa Zipatso

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti panthawi ya kukhwima kwachilengedwe kwa zipatso, ethylene imapangidwa. Ethylene imatha kulamulira zochitika zosiyanasiyana monga ma enzyme, nucleic acids, ndi kagayidwe ka mpweya m'zipatso, motero imalimbikitsa kukhwima kwa zipatso. Pamene yankho la ethylene lilowa m'thupi la chomera, limatulutsa ethylene pamlingo wosiyana kutengera pH ya selo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipatso zipse mofulumira.

1. Njira zochizira tomato:

(1) Njira yonyowetsera mbewu: Sankhani tomato wobiriwira ndi wokhwima akamakhwima ndipo muwaviike mu 1500 ppm ethylene kwa mphindi imodzi. Achotseni, tsanulirani madzi, ndikuyika m'mabasiketi a nsungwi, mabedi ofunda, kapena m'nyumba zobiriwira. Yang'anirani kutentha kwa 22-25℃. Pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu, zipatso zambiri zidzakhala zofiira.

(2) Njira yophikira zipatso: Tomato akayamba kukhwima, theka la mwezi musanakolole, gwiritsani ntchito thonje, maburashi, ndi zina zotero kuti muviike yankho la ethylene la 2000-3000 ppm pa zipatso, kapena gwiritsani ntchito gauze, magolovesi a gauze, ndi zina zotero kuti mupukute zipatsozo. Izi zingapangitse kuti zipatsozo zikhwime masiku 6-8 m'mbuyomo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipatso zofiira ziyambe kukolola, ndipo kupsa kofiira ndi khalidwe lake zimakhala bwino. Mukaphikira zipatso, khungu lalikulu kapena pamwamba pa zipatso zokha ndiye kuti pamafunika kuphimbidwa, chifukwa mukamaliza kuchiza ethylene, imatha kuyenda mkati mwa chipatso, ngakhale zigawo zina sizinaphimbidwe mokwanira, chipatso chonsecho chidzapsabe. Kuchiza kumeneku kungathandize kuwonjezera mphamvu ya ntchito ndikusunga ntchito.

(3) Njira yopopera zipatso: Kuti mulimbikitse kulowa kwa tomato wa masika msanga komanso kuti ntchito igwire bwino, panthawi yokolola zipatso zoyamba ndi zachiwiri, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la ethylene la 800-1000 ppm mwachindunji kuti mupopere zipatsozo, zomwe zingathandize kuti zipse msanga komanso kuti zipse msanga masiku 5-7, zomwe zingawonjezere zokolola msanga. Mukapopera zipatso, yesetsani kupewa kupopera madziwo pamitengo ndi masamba.

(4) Kupopera mbewu: Njira iyi ndi yoyenera pa tomato wokolola kamodzi kokha. Ndi yosavuta komanso yothandiza, koma ndikofunikira kuwongolera nthawi yopopera ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, zipatso zambiri zikadasanduka zofiira ndipo pali zipatso zina zobiriwira, kuti mufulumizitse kukhwima kwa zipatsozi, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la ethylene la 1000 ppm kupopera mbewu yonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, magawo a phwetekere adzasanduka achikasu mwachangu, zipatso zobiriwira zidzakula mwachangu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zipatso zofiira kudzawonjezeka kwambiri panthawi yokolola. Ngati ethylene ipopera mbewu isanakhwime, imatha kufulumizitsa kukhwima kofiira ndi masiku 5-6, koma kuchuluka kuyenera kukhala kotsika, makamaka 500-1000 mamiligalamu pa lita imodzi. Kupanda kutero, n'zosavuta kuyambitsa masamba achikasu ndi kugwa kwa masamba.

2. Tsabola: Khungu la chipatso likasintha mtundu, gwiritsani ntchito mamiligalamu 1000-4000 pa lita imodzi ya ethylene kuti mulowetse zipatso, zomwe zingathandize kuti zipatso ziyambe kukhwima komanso kusintha mtundu. Muthanso kupopera mamiligalamu 1000 pa lita imodzi ya ethylene m'munda kuti mulimbikitse kukhwima, koma nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kugwa kwa masamba.

3. Chivwende: Chipatso chisanakule bwino koma chisanakhwime, thirani 300-500 mamiligalamu pa lita imodzi ya ethylene pa zipatso, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zipatsozo zikhwime masiku 5-7 asanafike. Popeza zipatso za chivwende ndi zazikulu, kupopera madziwo pa zipatso zokha nthawi zambiri sikuvulaza zomera.

4. Kucha kwa mphesa: Kuyeseraku kukuwonetsa kuti pa mitundu monga njuchi zazikulu, zipatso zikayamba kucha, poperani kapena kuviika 250-300 mamiligalamu pa kilogalamu ya ethylene pa zipatso, zomwe zimatha kufulumizitsa kucha kwa masiku 6-8, ndipo zitha kudyedwa tsiku lachisanu mutapopera.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ethylene kupsa mphesa, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:

① Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kochepa kwambiri, zotsatira zake sizidzaonekeratu. Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kopitirira mamiligalamu 500 pa kilogalamu, kungayambitse kugwa kwa zipatso.

② Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yochizira ndi pamene zipatso zimayamba kukhwima. Pa mitundu yamitundu, mtundu umayamba kukula, ndipo pa mitundu yoyera, zipatso zimasanduka zachikasu pang'ono. Iyi ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yochizira.

③ Kuchuluka koyenera kwambiri kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso kumasiyana. Pakupanga, kuyesa kuyenera kuchitika kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi njira zochizira.

④ Popeza ethylene imalimbikitsa kupanga zigawo za abscission, kugwiritsa ntchito ethylene yokha kupsa mphesa nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kusweka kwa zipatso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magulu a mphesa asamavutike kusungidwa ndi kunyamulidwa. Pofuna kuchepetsa vutoli, ma milligram 10-20 pa kilogalamu ya tributyrin kapena ma milligram 10-15 pa kilogalamu ya 2,4,5-T akhoza kuwonjezeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito ethylene, yomwe ili ndi zotsatira zabwino poletsa kusweka kwa zipatso.

II. Kulimbikitsa Kusiyanitsa Maluwa Akazi

Mbewu za masamba a cucurbit ndi zomera za hermaphroditic zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa aamuna ndi akazi. Pakusiyana kwa maluwa aamuna ndi akazi, kuwonjezera pa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu ya majini iwonekere, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni osiyanasiyana kumatha kukhudza kusiyana kwa jenda. Ngati maluwa a ndiwo zamasamba za cucurbit sakusiyana, kuwachiza ndi ethephon kumatha kuonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa maluwa achikazi. Nthawi zambiri, mamiligalamu 150 pa lita imodzi ya ethephon amathiridwa pamwamba pa tsamba kamodzi mpaka katatu pa tsamba loyamba mpaka lachisanu la nkhaka, tsamba loyamba mpaka lachinayi la dzungu, ndi tsamba lachiwiri la vwende. Pa tsamba loyamba mpaka lachitatu la nkhaka, kupopera mamiligalamu 50 mpaka 250 pa lita imodzi ya ethephon kamodzi mpaka katatu kumatha kupha amuna ndipo nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbewu za nkhaka m'munda.

III. Kulimbikitsa Kubzala Mitengo Yaing'ono

Kupopera masamba 240-960 pa lita imodzi ya ethephon pa masamba 1-4 a kabichi, udzu winawake, karoti, radish, biringanya, phwetekere, ndi dzungu kumachepetsa kukula kwa zomera ndikuzipangitsa kuti zileke kukula. Kumaphwanya nthawi yogona kwa chomera. Ethephon imakhudza kuswa nthawi yogona ndikuthandizira kumera. Mwachitsanzo, kuviika mbatata mu mamiligalamu 50-200 pa lita imodzi ya ethephon kungapangitse kuti mphukira ziwonjezeke, ndipo kuchiza ginger kungathandize kuti imere ndikuwonjezera nthambi zake.

Kulamulira thonje:IBA+ DA-6 + ethephon ndi chidule cha EBH. Kapangidwe kake ndi 30% ndi 40% madzi oyeretsera, ochepetsedwa nthawi 1500 kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, ndi mlingo wa 20-30 ml pa mu. Ndi chowongolera kukula kwa zomera chomwe chakhala chodziwika bwino powongolera kutalika kwa mbewu za thonje m'zaka zaposachedwa ndipo ndi chowongolera kukula kwa zomera powongolera kutalika kwa mbewu za chimanga.