Posachedwapa, Bungwe la Boma latulutsa "Ndondomeko Yogwira Ntchito ya Carbon Peak ya Nthawi ya Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 15" (yomwe pano imatchedwa "Ndondomeko Yogwira Ntchito"), ikukonzekera ntchito yogwira ntchito yokhudza kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'nyengo ya Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 15.
"Ndondomeko Yogwirira Ntchito" ikunena kuti pofika chaka cha 2030, mpweya wa carbon dioxide ku China pa unit iliyonse ya GDP udzachepetsedwa ndi 17% poyerekeza ndi 2025, ndipo gawo la mphamvu zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwinja lidzafika pa 25%.Izi zitsimikizira kuti cholinga cha carbon peak chakwaniritsidwa panthawi yake, ndikukhazikitsa maziko olimba okwaniritsira zolinga zadziko lonse zodzipereka pofika chaka cha 2035 ndikulimbikitsa kusalowerera ndale pa carbon.
"Ndondomeko Yogwirira Ntchito" yakhazikitsa ntchito zisanu zofunika. Choyamba, cholinga chake ndi kufulumizitsa kukonza bwino kapangidwe ka mphamvu ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mphamvu zopanda mafuta, kukulitsa mphamvu ya makina opangira magetsi kuti agwirizane ndi mphamvu zatsopano, kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kusintha koyera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito malasha, ndikupititsa patsogolo kapangidwe ka mafuta ndi gasi. Kachiwiri, ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kusintha kobiriwira ndi kotsika kwa mpweya m'mafakitale, kulimbikitsa kusintha kobiriwira ndi kotsika kwa mpweya m'mafakitale, kuchita kusunga mphamvu ndi kukonzanso kuchepetsa mpweya m'mafakitale akale, kufulumizitsa kumanga mapaki opanda mpweya ndi mafakitale opanda mpweya, kulimbikitsa kusintha kobiriwira ndi kotsika kwa mpweya m'mafakitale, ndikugwiritsa ntchito gawo la chuma chozungulira pochepetsa mpweya woipa wa mpweya.Chachitatu, chimakulitsa kusintha kwa zinthu zobiriwira komanso mpweya wochepa m'malo ofunikira,Kulimbikitsa kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mpweya wa kaboni m'magawo omanga ndi mabungwe aboma, kufulumizitsa kusintha kwa mpweya wa kaboni wotsika m'magawo oyendera, ndikuphatikiza ndikukulitsa mphamvu ya mpweya wa kaboni m'malo ozungulira. Chachinayi, kumalimbitsa chithandizo ndi zitsimikizo, kukonza dongosolo la malamulo ndi malamulo, kukonza ziwerengero za mpweya wa kaboni ndi njira yowerengera ndalama, kulimbitsa chithandizo cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo ndi ulimi wa maluso, kukulitsa chithandizo cha ndalama, kukonza mfundo zamitengo, ndikukhazikitsa njira zamsika. Chachisanu, kumaphatikiza zoyesayesa za magulu onse, kufotokozera maudindo am'deralo, kuyambitsa zochita za anthu zobiriwira ndi zobiriwira, ndikukulitsa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi wobiriwira ndi wocheperako mpweya.
"Ndondomeko Yogwirira Ntchito" ikufotokozanso mndandanda wa mapulojekiti ofunikira, kuphatikizapo kuthandizana kwa magetsi pakati pa zigawo, kusintha kwabwino kwa kugwiritsa ntchito malasha, kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mpweya m'mafakitale ofunikira, kutentha ndi kuziziritsa mpweya wochepa ndi mpweya wochepa, kumanga njira zoyendera mpweya wochepa, komanso kukulitsa maziko a mphamvu ya mpweya woipa komanso kusalowererapo kwa mpweya.
Ndondomeko Yogwirira Ntchito ya “15-15″ Carbon Peak Action Plan
Nthawi ya "Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14" ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lovuta kuti pakhale mpweya woipa kwambiri. Pofuna kukhazikitsa zisankho ndi makonzedwe a Komiti Yaikulu ya Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha China ndi Bungwe la Boma, ndikulimbikitsa mwachangu komanso mosalekeza ndikukwaniritsa mpweya woipa kwambiri, komanso kufulumizitsa kusintha kobiriwira kwa chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, mogwirizana ndi zofunikira monga Environmental Protection Law Code ndi "Comprehensive Evaluation and Assessment Measures for Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality", dongosololi lapangidwa.
I. Kufulumizitsa Kukonza Kapangidwe ka Mphamvu
(1) Kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu chitukuko cha mphamvu zopanda mafuta. Kutsatira kuphatikiza kwa mphamvu zambiri za mphepo, dzuwa, madzi, ndi nyukiliya, ndikupanga mphamvu zatsopano mwamphamvu kwambiri. Kugwirizanitsa kapangidwe ka chitukuko ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kukulitsa kupezeka kogwira mtima kwa mphamvu zopanda mafuta. Mangani maziko oyera a mphamvu monga mphamvu ya mphepo ndi photovoltaic ku "Northwest ndi Northeast", kuphatikiza madzi ndi mphepo ndi dzuwa kum'mwera chakumadzulo, mphamvu ya nyukiliya ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi mphamvu ya mphepo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kukhazikitsa mwachangu mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi mphepo yogawidwa, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chachikulu cha mphamvu ya dzuwa yokhazikika, kupanga mphamvu ya nyanja, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya biomass ndi mphamvu ya geothermal kutengera momwe zinthu zilili m'deralo. Kukhazikitsa ndi kumanga maziko ophatikizana a mphepo, dzuwa, haidrojeni, ammonia, ndi mowa. Kufulumizitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magetsi atsopano ndi magetsi atsopano oyera. Pofika chaka cha 2030, mphamvu yonse ya mphepo ndi dzuwa yomwe yaikidwa idzafika pa ma kilowatts opitilira 2.8 biliyoni, mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi yachizolowezi idzafika pa ma kilowatts okwana 410 miliyoni, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya nyukiliya idzafika pa ma kilowatts okwana 110 miliyoni.
(2) Kufulumizitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya makina amagetsi kuti agwirizane ndi mphamvu zatsopano. Kusintha momwe mphamvu zatsopano zimakhalira, kulimbitsa mphamvu ya makina amagetsi kuti alandire, kukonza, ndikuwongolera mphamvu zatsopano. Kulimbikitsa kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera m'madera osiyanasiyana komanso madera osiyanasiyana komanso kuthandizana, kufulumizitsa kumanga njira zotumizira mphamvu zamagetsi zambiri, kuonjezera mphamvu ya kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa ndi ma kilowatts opitilira 80 miliyoni, ndikulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kumanga mapulojekiti othandizirana mphamvu kuchokera m'madera osiyanasiyana. Kuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano m'deralo, kupanga mwachangu kulumikizana kwa mphamvu zobiriwira, komanso kupeza mphamvu zatsopano pafupi ndi maukonde ogawa, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chophatikizana cha gwero, gridi, katundu, ndi malo osungira. Kupititsa patsogolo nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosinthira mumakina amagetsi, kutsatira zofunikira pa chilengedwe, kuyang'ana pakufunikira, ndi kukonza bwino, ndikumanga malo osungira mphamvu opompedwa kutengera momwe zinthu zilili m'deralo; kulimbikitsa chitukuko chachikulu cha malo osungira mphamvu atsopano; kufufuza kuthekera kwa malamulo okhudzana ndi kufunikira, kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha malo opangira magetsi, ndikulimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwazikana monga katundu wosinthika mu malamulo amakina. Pang'onopang'ono fotokozani cholinga chochepa kwambiri chogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa m'mafakitale ofunikira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Pofika chaka cha 2030, mphamvu yokhazikika ya malo osungiramo mphamvu opompedwa idzafika pafupifupi ma kilowatts 160 miliyoni, mphamvu yokhazikika ya malo osungiramo mphamvu atsopano idzayesetsa kufika ma kilowatts 300 miliyoni, mphamvu yayikulu yolamulira ya malo opangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi idzafika ma kilowatts oposa 50 miliyoni, ndipo mphamvu yoyankha mphamvu idzafika 5% ya mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yamagetsi.
(3) Kulimbikitsa kwambiri kusintha kwabwino kwa kugwiritsa ntchito malasha. Kuwongolera moyenera mphamvu zomwe zayikidwa komanso kupanga magetsi a magetsi opangira malasha, kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa magetsi opangira malasha kuti athandizire ndikuwongolera magwero amagetsi, ndikuthandizira kuphatikiza magetsi opangira malasha ndi mphamvu zatsopano. Kuchita kusintha kwa magetsi opangira malasha pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wochepa, kuchita kusintha kwa kutentha kwa magetsi opangira kutentha m'madera akumpoto potsatira mfundo yosakhudza kutentha, kuthandizira kumanga malo osungira kutentha m'mafakitale opangira magetsi. Kulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi opangira magetsi opangira malasha ogwira ntchito bwino komanso osunga mphamvu ndi zida zawo zothandizira. Mwalamulo komanso motsatira malamulo, kuchotsa kwathunthu ndikutseka magetsi opangira magetsi opangira malasha (kuphatikiza magetsi odzipangira okha) omwe sakwaniritsa chitetezo cha chilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kugwiritsa ntchito malasha, chitetezo, ndi zofunikira zaka. Kulimbikitsa mwachangu magetsi opangira magetsi kuti achite nawo kumeta tsitsi la gridi. Kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa magetsi opangira mankhwala opangira malasha pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wochepa, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito malasha ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon pa chinthu chilichonse, ndikuthandizira chitukuko chogwirizanitsa mapulojekiti a mankhwala opangira malasha ndi magetsi obiriwira ndi hydrogen wobiriwira. Limbikitsani mwamphamvu kusintha kwa ma boiler oyaka malasha ndi ma uvuni amafakitale oyaka malasha, kuchotseratu ma boiler oyaka malasha okhala ndi mphamvu ya matani 10 pa ola limodzi kapena kuchepera, ndikusinthira pang'onopang'ono ma boiler ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati oyaka malasha m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. "Ndondomeko imodzi yamakampani, imodzi" imalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa mapulani ochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito malasha ndi kuchepetsa mapulani a mabizinesi ogwiritsa ntchito malasha. Thandizani madera oyenerera kuti akhazikitse njira yofanana kapena yocheperako yogwiritsira ntchito malasha m'malo mwa mapulojekiti atsopano omwe si "awiri apamwamba".
(4) Konzani bwino momwe mafuta ndi gasi amagwiritsidwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Limbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta obiriwira monga hydrogen ammonia alcohol, bio-diesel, ndi mafuta oyendera ndege okhazikika. Limbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta obiriwira m'malo mwa mankhwala, fufuzani momwe mafuta obiriwira a hydrogen ammonia amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'makampani opanga mankhwala, ndikulimbikitsa pang'onopang'ono kusintha kwa mphamvu zamafakitale ndi mafuta ogwiritsira ntchito kutentha. Limbikitsani kukula kwa kugwiritsa ntchito gasi lachilengedwe kuti likhalebe pamalo oyenera, perekani patsogolo kuonetsetsa kuti gasi likupezeka m'nyumba, kutsogolera kugwiritsa ntchito gasi moyenera m'mafakitale ndi mabizinesi ofunikira, ndikumanga malo opangira magetsi opangira gasi lachilengedwe kutengera momwe zinthu zilili m'deralo. Limbikitsani kusunga mafuta ndi gasi pazinthu zonse zopangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta ndi gasi.
II. Kulimbikitsa Chitukuko cha Mafakitale Oteteza Kuchilengedwe ndi Opanda Mpweya Woipa
(5) Limbikitsani kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mafakitale kobiriwira komanso kopanda mpweya woipa. Mosalekeza komanso mwadongosolo, chitani kuthetsa kusamvana kwa kapangidwe ka mafakitale ofunikira, ndipo mwalamulo komanso motsatira malamulo, chotsani mphamvu zopangira ndi zida zomwe sizikugwira ntchito bwino. Limbikitsani kayendetsedwe koyenera ka mphamvu zopangira simenti. Kuwongolera bwino mapulojekiti a "kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kuipitsa kwambiri", kulimbitsa kuwongolera magwero, kuchita mosamala kusunga mphamvu ndi kuwunika ndi kuchepetsa mpweya woipa, ndikukhazikitsa zofunikira za mpweya wofanana ndi mpweya woipa kapena kusintha m'malo mwa mapulojekiti atsopano a mafakitale (kukonzanso, kukulitsa) "kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kuipitsa kwambiri". Kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha mphamvu zobiriwira, kupanga zinthu zobiriwira, ndi ntchito zobiriwira komanso mafakitale ena obiriwira komanso opanda mpweya woipa, kupitilizabe kukulitsa ubwino wampikisano wamagetsi atsopano, magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, magetsi a batri, ndi zina zotero, ndikukulitsa mafakitale a haidrojeni, mafuta obiriwira, ndi zina zotero. Kuthandizira chitukuko cha mafakitale osamalira mpweya woipa, kulimbikitsa mitundu ya kayendetsedwe ka anthu ena monga kasamalidwe ka mphamvu za mgwirizano, ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa digito ndi wanzeru pakukula kobiriwira komanso kopanda mpweya woipa.
(6) Chitani ntchito yosunga mphamvu ndi kukonzanso mpweya m'mafakitale akale. Yang'anani kwambiri pa zida zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, zipangizo, ndi njira m'mafakitale ofunikira, gwiritsani ntchito mokwanira njira zosungira mphamvu ndi kukonzanso mpweya, kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo ndi zida zosungira mphamvu ndi mpweya wochepa, kulimbitsa luso la njira zochepetsera mpweya woipa komanso kusintha kwa digito, ndikukonza bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndikuchepetsa mpweya woipa. Limbitsani kuyang'anira kusunga mphamvu, kuwongolera njira yodziwira mphamvu moyenera m'magawo ofunikira. Munthawi ya "Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14", mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide pa unit iliyonse yamtengo wowonjezera wa mafakitale m'mafakitale akuluakulu udzachepetsedwa ndi oposa 17%, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa unit iliyonse yamtengo wowonjezera wa mafakitale kudzachepetsedwa ndi oposa 10%, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa unit iliyonse ya GDP kudzachepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 10%, ndipo mphamvu yosunga mphamvu ya matani opitilira 150 miliyoni a malasha wamba idzakwaniritsidwa kudzera mu kusunga mphamvu ndi kukonzanso kuchepetsa mpweya m'mafakitale ofunikira.
(7) Kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga mapaki opanda mpweya ndi mafakitale opanda mpweya. Kulimbikitsa kwambiri ntchito yomanga mapaki opanda mpweya, kupereka malangizo omanga mapaki opanda mpweya, kuthandizira madera kuti achite kukonzanso mapaki opanda mpweya ndi opanda mpweya kutengera momwe zinthu zilili m'deralo. Kutsogolera mapulojekiti atsopano kuti aike patsogolo magulu m'mapaki opanda mpweya, kufulumizitsa kupanga "zomera zobiriwira kutengera magulu a mafakitale obiriwira", kulimbikitsa katundu womwe ulipo m'mapaki opanda mpweya kuti alumikize mwachindunji magetsi obiriwira, kuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano komanso wotsika mpweya ndi mitundu yatsopano. Kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu ntchito yomanga mafakitale opanda mpweya, kuthandizira mabizinesi oyenerera kuti agwirizanitse magetsi obiriwira mwachindunji, kulimbikitsa mogwirizana ntchito yomanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma gridi ang'onoang'ono obiriwira a mafakitale, malo oyendetsera mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mpweya, ndikuyesetsa kukonza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa m'deralo. Munthawi ya "Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14", mapaki pafupifupi 100 a dziko lonse opanda mpweya ndi mafakitale 500 opanda mpweya adzamangidwa.
(8) Kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta pogwiritsa ntchito njira zobiriwira komanso zopanda mpweya woipa. Kulimbikitsa kapangidwe ka malo ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, kuthandizira kupereka magetsi obiriwira, kukonza bwino malo osungira mphamvu, magwero amagetsi owonjezera ndi zina zothandizira, kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi osagwiritsidwa ntchito kale m'mafakitale atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta. Kukweza miyezo yosungira mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mpweya woipa m'mafakitale ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta, kulimbikitsa kusunga mphamvu ndi kukonzanso malo ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta osatsatira malamulo, kuchotsa mwadongosolo ukadaulo ndi zida zogwirira ntchito zomwe sizikugwira ntchito bwino, ndikukweza mulingo wogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu m'mafakitale ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta. Kufulumizitsa kumanga malo ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta obiriwira, kulimbikitsa kumanga malo ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta opanda mpweya woipa.
(9) Chitani gawo la chuma chozungulira pochepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon. Limbikitsani mwamphamvu chitsanzo chozungulira cha chuma, limbitsani kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinyalala, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochulukirapo, ndi kubwezeretsanso madzi, ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi otayira, mpweya wotayira, madzi otayira, ndi zotsalira za zinyalala. Limbikitsani kukonza netiweki yobwezeretsanso zinyalala, limbikitsani chitsanzo chobwezeretsanso cha "Internet +", ndikukonza njira zosinthirana ndi kubwezeretsanso". Limbikitsani kubwezeretsanso kokhazikika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, mabatire otayira, zida zopumira za mphepo ndi photovoltaic, magalimoto otayira, ndi makina aulimi otayira, kulitsani njira zogwiritsira ntchito bwino zinyalala zolimba monga phulusa la ntchentche, gangue ya malasha, zotsalira zaulimi, ndi ndowe za ziweto, fulumizitsani kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano komanso wotsika wa kutentha ndi mitundu yatsopano. Limbikitsani mwamphamvu kumanga mafakitale opanda carbon, thandizani mabizinesi oyenerera kuti achite kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira, limbikitsani mogwirizana kumanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma grid obiriwira a mafakitale, malo oyang'anira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kaboni, ndikuyesetsa kukulitsa gawo lothandizira kubwezeretsanso chuma pakuteteza chuma.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-15-2026
