I. Katundu Waukulu waChlorantraniliprole
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo awa ndi othandizira nicotinic receptor (ya minofu). Amayatsa ma nicotinic receptor a tizilombo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira za ma receptor zikhale zotseguka kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma calcium ions omwe amasungidwa mkati mwa maselo atuluke popanda malire. Dziwe la calcium limachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ifooke, ziwalo ziume, ndipo pamapeto pake imfa.
1. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka mankhwala ophera tizilombo amenewa ndi koopsa m'mimba, ndipo amapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma si njira yaikulu yophera. Sagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
2. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo awa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amalowa mkati mwa zomera. Amalowa mwamphamvu. Mankhwala ophera tizilombowa amatha kuyamwa ndi kunyamulidwa ndi zomera kupita ku ziwalo zonse za zomera. Tizilombo timafa titadya masamba, tsinde, ndi maluwa oopsa. Mankhwala ophera tizilombowa amatha kulowa m'malo otupa a epidermal cell ndikulowa mu xylem, motero amapita kumadera ena omwe sanachiritsidwe omwe sanapoperedwe.
3. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo awa amagwira ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi mphutsi komanso sagwira ntchito bwino polimbana ndi tizilombo tatikulu tambiri. Sigwira ntchito kwenikweni polimbana ndi mazira. Komabe, amapha kwambiri mphutsi zomwe zangobadwa kumene. Mphutsi zomwe zimaluma kudzera mu chipolopolo cha dzira ndikukhudzana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ali pamwamba pa malo ophikira zimaphedwa ndi poizoni ndikufa. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa panthawi ya mphutsi zomwe sizikukula bwino, makamaka nthawi yomwe mazira akuswa kwambiri, makamaka m'madera omwe chitetezo cha mthupi chakula.
4. Tizilombo tikameza, timasiya kudya nthawi yomweyo ndipo sitikupwetekanso. Komabe, ntchito yake yachangu siigwira ntchito bwino. Kufa kwa tizilombo tikameza ndi motere: kusiya kudya mwachangu (pafupifupi mphindi 7) → kutayika kwa mphamvu → kubweza m'mimba → kufooka kwa minofu → kuletsa kwambiri kupanga → kufa mkati mwa maola 24 mpaka 72.
5. Mankhwala ophera tizilombowa amawola pang'onopang'ono m'zomera ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali. Kawirikawiri, amatha kusunga mphamvu yolamulira kwa masiku opitilira 14.
6. Mankhwala ophera tizilombowa amakhala omamatira kunthaka komanso samayenda bwino. Nthawi yotsala theka la moyo wa kuwonongeka kwa zomera ndi miyezi yosakwana 2 mpaka 12.
7. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo awa ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zophera tizilombo, amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Amalamulira makamaka tizilombo ta lepidopteran ndipo amatha kusokoneza njira yoberekera tizilombo tina ta lepidopteran, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tomwe timayamwa mazira. Ali ndi mphamvu zabwino zowongolera tizilombo ta scarabaeid, leaf beetle, aphid, ndi ntchentche za mabanja a hemipteran, dipteran, ndi dipteran motsatana. Komabe, ntchito yake ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa yolimbana ndi tizilombo ta lepidopteran ndipo iyenera kusankhidwa kutengera mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito.
8. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo awa ndi otetezeka kwambiri kwa nyama zoyamwitsa ndi zamoyo zokhala ndi msana. Pali mtundu umodzi wokha wa nicotinic receptor mwa tizilombo, pomwe pali mitundu itatu ya nicotinic receptor mwa nyama zoyamwitsa, ndipo nicotinic receptor ya tizilombo si yofanana kwenikweni ndi ya nyama zoyamwitsa. Ntchito ya mankhwala ophera tizilombowa motsutsana ndi tizilombo tomwe timalandira nicotinic receptors ndi yoposa nthawi 300 kuposa ya nyama zoyamwitsa, zomwe zimasonyeza kusankha kwakukulu komanso poizoni wochepa kwa nyama zoyamwitsa. Mlingo wa poizoni womwe walembedwa ku China ndi woopsa pang'ono, ndipo ndi wotetezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
9. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo awa ali ndi poizoni wochepa kwa mbalame, nsomba, nkhanu, ndi zinyama zina zokhala ndi msana, ndipo ndi otetezeka ku zamoyo zothandiza monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi adani achilengedwe omwe amadya chilengedwe. Komabe, ndi oopsa kwambiri ku nyongolotsi za silika.
10. Mankhwala ophera tizilombowa ndi othandiza kwambiri. Angasakanizidwe ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo okhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito monga methamidophos,abamectinMafuta a Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, Chlorfenapyr, ndi Neem amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi, zomwe zimatha kukulitsa mphamvu yolamulira, kuchedwetsa kukula kwa kukana, kupititsa patsogolo liwiro la ntchito, kukulitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito, kapena kuchepetsa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito.
II. Njira Zazikulu Zogwiritsira Ntchito Chlorantraniliprole
1. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito: Gwiritsani ntchito pamene tizilombo tili aang'ono. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito pamene mazira akuswa kwambiri.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala motsatira malangizo omwe ali pa chizindikirocho. Pa kupopera, kupopera kapena kupopera pang'ono ndi kothandiza kwambiri.
3. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa zokolola zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyengo iliyonse komanso nthawi yotetezeka kutengera mbewu zomwe zalembetsedwa pa malondawo.
4. Kutentha kukakwera kwambiri ndipo nthunzi ikatuluka m'munda ikachuluka, sankhani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo isanafike 10 koloko m'mawa komanso pambuyo pa 4 koloko madzulo. Izi sizingochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zimawonjezera bwino kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amatengedwa ndi mbewu ndi kulowa kwawo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu ziwongolere bwino.
III. Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Chlorantraniliprole
Ngakhale kutsatira malangizo onse okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa:
1. Mankhwala ophera tizilombowa ndi owopsa kwa tomato, biringanya, ndi zina zotero, ndipo angayambitse madontho, kufota, ndi zina zotero; mitengo ya citrus, peyala, mabulosi ndi mitengo ina ya zipatso imakhala yoopsa panthawi ya masamba atsopano komanso kukula kwa masamba, zomwe zingayambitse masamba kusanduka achikasu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipatso zikhale zazing'ono, zomwe zimakhudza zokolola ndi ubwino wa zipatso.
2. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo masiku a mphepo kapena pamene mvula ikuyembekezeka kugwa mkati mwa ola limodzi. Komabe, mankhwala ophera tizilombowa amalimbana ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka kwa mvula, ndipo ngati mvula itagwa maola awiri mutathira, sipafunika kuthiranso mankhwala ena.
3. Mankhwalawa ali m'gulu la Gulu 28 la Komiti Yoyang'anira Kukana Kupha Zilombo Padziko Lonse ndipo ndi mtundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kuti tipewe bwino kufalikira kwa kukana, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pa mbewu imodzi sikuyenera kupitirira nthawi ziwiri. Mu mibadwo ya tizilombo tomwe tikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano, ngati mankhwalawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse kawiri, tikukulimbikitsani kusinthana ndi mankhwala okhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito (kupatula Gulu 28) m'mibadwo yotsatira.
4. Chogulitsachi chimatha kusungunuka mosavuta m'malo okhala ndi alkaline ndipo sichingasakanizidwe ndi ma acid amphamvu kapena zinthu zokhala ndi alkaline yambiri.
5. Ndi poizoni kwambiri ku algae ndi nyongolotsi za silika, ndi zina zotero. N'zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito m'nyumba za nyongolotsi za silika ndi m'minda ya zipatso za mulberry. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, ndikofunikira kusunga malo enaake olekanitsidwa ndi nyongolotsi za silika kuti zisafalikire ku masamba a mulberry. N'zoletsedwanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi ya maluwa a mbewu zomwe zimapanga timadzi tokoma komanso malo otulutsa mavu ndi adani ena achilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-15-2026