Zochita za fluconazole

Fluoxapyr ndi carboxamidefungicideyopangidwa ndi BASF.Ili ndi ntchito zabwino zopewera komanso zochizira.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa komanso kuwongolera matenda oyamba ndi fungus, pafupifupi mitundu 26 ya matenda oyamba ndi fungus.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbewu pafupifupi 100, monga mbewu zambewu, nyemba, mbewu zamafuta, mtedza, mitengo yazipatso ya pome ndi miyala, masamba ndi masamba a tuber, masamba a zipatso ndi thonje, masamba kapena mbewu.Fluoxafenamide ndi succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor komanso fungicide yabwino kwambiri yopangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Physicochemical katundu wa fluconazole

Fluconazole Chemical Name: 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro Methyl)-1- methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide;Nambala ya CAS: 907204-31-3, Mapangidwe a maselo: C18H12F5N3O.Kulemera kwa molekyulu: 381.31 g/mol.Fluoxapyr (kuyera 99.3%) ndi yoyera mpaka beige yolimba, yopanda fungo, yosungunuka 156.8 ℃, kachulukidwe (20 ℃) ​​1.42 g/mL, imawola pafupifupi 230 ℃, kuthamanga kwa nthunzi (kuyerekeza): 2.7 × 10- 9 Pa 20°C), 8.1×10-9 Pa (25°C);Nthawi zonse Henry: 3.028 × 10-7 Pa · m3 / mol.Kusungunuka (20 ℃): madzi 3.88 mg/L (pH 5.84), 3.78 mg/L (pH 4.01), 3.44 mg/L (pH 7.00), 3.84 mg/L (pH 9.00);zosungunulira organic (ukadaulo kuyeretsa 99.2) %) (g/L, 20 ℃): acetone>250, acetonitrile 167.6±0.2, dichloromethane 146.1±0.3, ethyl acetate 123.3±0.2, methanol ± 20.4-0.4. octanol 4.69±0.1 , n-heptane 0.106 ± 0.001.n-octanol-water partition coefficient (20°C): chipika chamadzi chopangidwa ndi deionized Kow 3.08, log Kow 3.09 (pH 4), log Kow 3.13 (pH 7), log Kow 3.09 (pH 9), chipika chapakati Kow (3.10±0.02) ).Khola munjira yamadzi pa pH 4, 5, 7, 9 mumdima komanso wosabala.Kuunikira kuli kokhazikika.

Kuopsa kwa Fluoxafen

Kuopsa kwapakamwa pakamwa pa makoswe (azimayi) a mankhwala oyambirira a fluconazole: LD50≥2,000 mg/kg, kawopsedwe ka pachimake pa makoswe (amuna ndi akazi): LD50> 2,000 mg/kg, chiwopsezo chakupha kwa makoswe (amuna ndi akazi) LC50> 5.1 mg/L;kukwiya pang'ono kwa maso a kalulu ndi khungu la akalulu;palibe tcheru ku Guinea nkhumba khungu.Palibe carcinogenicity, palibe teratogenicity, palibe zotsatirapo pa kubereka, palibe genotoxicity, neurotoxicity ndi immunotoxicity.
Kuopsa koopsa kwa mbalame LD50＞2,000 mg/kg, kuopsa kwa Daphnia 6.78 mg/L (48 h), kuopsa kwa nsomba (96 h) LC50 0.546 mg/L, kawopsedwe wakupha kwa zamoyo zam'madzi (48 h) 6 EC750. mg/L, pachimake kawopsedwe kwa algae (72 h) EC50 0.70 mg/L, pachimake kukhudzana kawopsedwe ndi njuchi (48 h) LD50>100 μg/njuchi, pachimake kawopsedwe mkamwa kwa njuchi (48 h) LD50>110.9 μg/njuchi, chiwopsezo chachikulu cha nyongolotsi ndi LC50>1,000 mg/kg (masiku 14).Kuchokera pazomwe zili pamwambazi, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti Fluoxafen ndi poizoni kwa zamoyo zam'madzi ndipo imakhala ndi poizoni wochepa kwa zamoyo zina zopindulitsa.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito fluoxafen

Fluoxafenamide ndi succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, yomwe imagwira ntchito pa succinate dehydrogenase mu mitochondrial kupuma unyolo II kuletsa ntchito yake, potero kuletsa kumera kwa fungal tizilombo toyambitsa matenda spores, kukula kwa machubu majeremusi ndi mycelium.

Fluconazole control zinthu

Fluoxamid ndiyothandiza kwambiri, sipekitiramu yotakata, yokhazikika, yosankha, imakhala ndi machitidwe abwino kwambiri, ndipo imalimbana ndi kukokoloka kwa mvula.Imatha kuwononga mbewu monga chimanga, soya, chimanga, mbewu za rapese, mitengo yazipatso, masamba, ndi ma beets a shuga kudzera m'masamba ndi mbewu., mtedza, thonje, udzu ndi mbewu zapadera, etc., monga mbewu, soya, mitengo ya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi Concha, Botrytis cinerea, Powdery mildew, Cercospora, Puccinia, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa, botrytis cinerea, dzimbiri. , powdery mildew of legumes, thonje blight, mpendadzuwa ndi matenda a rapeseed omwe amayamba chifukwa cha Alternaria, ndi zina zotero. Zolembedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbewu zoposa 70 pofika 2015, BASF ikufuna kulembetsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbewu zoposa 100.

Fluoxafen imasinthasintha kwambiri, ndipo pali mitundu yambiri yazogulitsa.Adexar (fluconazole + epoxiconazole) amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu tirigu, balere, triticale, rye ndi oats kuti athetse powdery mildew, choipitsa masamba, glume blight, dzimbiri lamizere ndi tsamba.Priaxor (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin) amalembetsedwa ku United States chifukwa cha soya, phwetekere, mbatata ndi mbewu zina zakumunda, ndipo ali ndi zotsatira zapadera pakuwongolera malo a soya bulauni (Septoria glycines);Orkestra SC (flufenapyr + Pyraclostrobin) amalembetsa ku Brazil soya, malalanje, mbatata, anyezi, kaloti, maapulo, mango, mavwende, nkhaka, tsabola wa belu, tomato, canola, mtedza, nyemba za impso, mpendadzuwa, manyuchi, chimanga, tirigu ndi maluwa (Chrysanthemum and rose), etc., amatha kuletsa dzimbiri la soya ku Asia, kupititsa patsogolo photosynthesis ya mbewu, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda.Priaxor D (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + tetraflufenazole) amalembetsedwa ku United States pofuna kupewa komanso kuwongolera mawanga a soya imvi omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi methoxyacrylate fungicides.Obvius wothandizira mbewu (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + metalaxyl) amalembetsedwa ku United States ndipo amatha kuwongolera matenda osiyanasiyana a mbewu zambiri.

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides yakula kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo fluoxamid ndiye mankhwala otsogola amtundu uwu wa fungicides, chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri, mawonekedwe ake, machitidwe adongosolo, oyenera mbewu zosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ena, makamaka, mosalekeza. Kukula kwa zinthu zake zapawiri kwakulitsa kuchuluka kwa zowongolera komanso kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kwakhala ngale yowala pamsika wa fungicide.