Fluoxapyr ndi mankhwala a carboxamide.mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matendaYopangidwa ndi BASF. Ili ndi ntchito zabwino zopewera komanso zochizira. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa ndikuwongolera matenda a bowa amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu yosachepera 26 ya matenda a bowa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbewu pafupifupi 100, monga mbewu za chimanga, nyemba, mbewu zamafuta, mtedza, mitengo ya zipatso za pome ndi miyala, ndiwo zamasamba za mizu ndi tuber, ndiwo zamasamba za zipatso ndi thonje, masamba kapena mbewu. Fluoxafenamide ndi mankhwala oletsa dehydrogenase komanso mankhwala abwino kwambiri ophera bowa omwe adapangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Kapangidwe ka thupi ka fluconazole
Dzina la Mankhwala a Fluconazole: 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro Methyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; CAS No: 907204-31-3, Fomula ya molekyulu: C18H12F5N3O. Kulemera kwa molekyulu: 381.31 g/mol.Fluoxapyr (yoyera 99.3%) ndi yolimba yoyera mpaka beige, yopanda fungo, yosungunuka 156.8℃, yolemera kwambiri (20℃) 1.42 g/mL, imawola pa kutentha kwa pafupifupi 230℃, mphamvu ya nthunzi (yoyerekeza): 2.7×10-9 Pa (20°C), 8.1×10-9 Pa (25°C); Henry's constant: 3.028×10-7 Pa·m3/mol. Kusungunuka (20℃): madzi 3.88 mg/L (pH 5.84), 3.78 mg/L (pH 4.01), 3.44 mg/L (pH 7.00), 3.84 mg/L (pH 9.00); organic solvent (kuyera kwaukadaulo 99.2) %) (g/L, 20℃): acetone>250, acetonitrile 167.6±0.2, dichloromethane 146.1±0.3, ethyl acetate 123.3±0.2, methanol 53.4±0.0, toluene 20.0±0.0, n-octanol 4.69±0.1 , n-heptane 0.106±0.001. n-octanol-water partition coefficient (20°C): deionized water log Kow 3.08, log Kow 3.09 (pH 4), log Kow 3.13 (pH 7), log Kow 3.09 (pH 9), avereji log Kow (3.10±0.02). Yokhazikika mu madzi omwe ali ndi pH 4, 5, 7, 9 mumdima komanso m'malo opanda mpweya. Kuwala kumakhala kokhazikika.
Kuopsa kwa Fluoxafen
Kuopsa kwa mankhwala oyamba a fluconazole pakamwa mwa makoswe (azimayi): LD50≥2,000 mg/kg, kuopsa kwa khungu mwa makoswe (amuna ndi akazi): LD50>2,000 mg/kg, kuopsa kwa kupuma mwa makoswe (amuna ndi akazi): LC50＞5.1 mg/L; kukwiya pang'ono m'maso ndi pakhungu la akalulu; palibe kukhudzidwa ndi khungu la nkhumba ya Guinea. Palibe khansa, palibe teratogenicity, palibe zotsatirapo zoyipa pa kubereka, palibe poizoni wa genotoxicity, neurotoxicity ndi immunotoxicity.
Kuopsa kwambiri kwa mbalame LD50＞2,000 mg/kg, kuopsa kwambiri kwa Daphnia 6.78 mg/L (maola 48), kuopsa kwambiri kwa nsomba (maola 96) LC50 0.546 mg/L, kuopsa kwambiri kwa zamoyo zam'madzi zopanda mafupa (maola 48) ) EC50 6.78 mg/L, kuopsa kwambiri kwa algae (maola 72) EC50 0.70 mg/L, kuopsa kwambiri kwa njuchi (maola 48) LD50>100 μg/njuchi, kuopsa kwambiri kwa njuchi (maola 48) LD50>110.9 μg/njuchi, kuopsa kwambiri kwa nyongolotsi zapadziko lapansi ndi LC50>1,000 mg/kg (masiku 14). Kuchokera pa zomwe zili pamwambapa, zitha kuwoneka kuti Fluoxafen ndi poizoni kwa zamoyo zam'madzi ndipo ili ndi poizoni wochepa kwa zamoyo zina zothandiza.
Njira yogwirira ntchito ya fluoxafen
Fluoxafenamide ndi choletsa cha succinate dehydrogenase, chomwe chimagwira ntchito pa succinate dehydrogenase mu mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II kuti chilepheretse ntchito yake, motero chimaletsa kumera kwa spores za bowa, kukula kwa machubu a germ ndi mycelium.
Zinthu zowongolera za Fluconazole
Fluoxamid ndi yothandiza kwambiri, yolimba, yolimba, yosankha, ili ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera zinthu, ndipo imalimbana ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Imatha kulamulira bwino chimanga, soya, chimanga, mbewu za rapeseed, mitengo ya zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi beets pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochizira ndi mbewu. , mtedza, thonje, udzu ndi mbewu zapadera, ndi zina zotero, monga tirigu, soya, mitengo ya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi Concha, Botrytis cinerea, Powdery mildew, Cercospora, Puccinia, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium Matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi bowa wam'mimba, botrytis cinerea, dzimbiri, powdery mildew ya nyemba, thonje loipa, mpendadzuwa ndi matenda a rapeseed omwe amayambitsidwa ndi Alternaria, ndi zina zotero. BASF, yomwe yalembetsedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbewu zoposa 70 pofika chaka cha 2015, ikufuna kulembetsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbewu zoposa 100.
Fluoxafen imatha kusinthasintha bwino, ndipo pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala. Adexar (fluconazole + epoxiconazole) imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu tirigu, barele, triticale, rye ndi oats kuti ichepetse ufa wa mildew, matenda a masamba, matenda a glume, dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri la masamba. Priaxor (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin) yalembedwa ku United States kuti igwiritse ntchito soya, phwetekere, mbatata ndi mbewu zina zakumunda, ndipo ili ndi mphamvu yapadera pakuwongolera soya bulauni (Septoria glycines); Orkestra SC (flufenapyr + Pyraclostrobin) yalembedwa ku Brazil kuti igwiritse ntchito soya, citrus, mbatata, anyezi, kaloti, maapulo, mango, mavwende, nkhaka, tsabola, tomato, canola, mtedza, nyemba za impso, mpendadzuwa, manyuchi, chimanga, tirigu ndi maluwa (Chrysanthemum ndi rose), ndi zina zotero, imatha kuletsa dzimbiri la soya waku Asia, kukulitsa photosynthesis ya mbewu, ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda. Priaxor D (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + tetraflufenazole) yalembetsedwa ku United States kuti ipewe ndi kuletsa mawanga a soya omwe amalimbana ndi mankhwala ophera fungicides a methoxyacrylate. Mankhwala ochiza mbewu a Obvius (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + metalaxyl) alembetsedwa ku United States ndipo amatha kuwongolera matenda osiyanasiyana a mbewu zomwe zimamera m'minda yambiri.
Mankhwala ophera fungicide otchedwa succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor akukula mofulumira m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo fluoxamid ndiye chinthu chotsogola cha mtundu uwu wa fungicides, chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwake bwino, ma spectrum ambiri, ntchito zake zonse, zoyenera mbewu zosiyanasiyana ndi makhalidwe ena. Makamaka, chitukuko chopitilira cha zinthu zake zophatikizika chakulitsa ma spectrum olamulira ndi kukula kwa mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo chakhala ngale yowala pamsika wa fungicide.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-18-2022