Chithunzi: Njira zakubadwanso kwa mbewu zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu monga mahomoni, omwe amatha kukhala amitundu yeniyeni komanso yogwira ntchito kwambiri. Pakafukufuku watsopano, asayansi apanga njira yatsopano yokonzanso zomera poyang'anira ntchito ndi kufotokozera kwa majini omwe amakhudzidwa ndi dedifferentiation (kuchuluka kwa maselo) ndi redifferentiation (organogenesis) ya maselo a zomera. Onani zambiri
Njira zachikhalidwe zakukonzanso mbewu zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchitozowongolera kukula kwa mbewumongamahomonis, yomwe imatha kukhala yokhazikika komanso yogwira ntchito kwambiri. Pakafukufuku watsopano, asayansi apanga njira yatsopano yokonzanso zomera poyang'anira ntchito ndi kufotokozera kwa majini omwe amakhudzidwa ndi dedifferentiation (kuchuluka kwa maselo) ndi redifferentiation (organogenesis) ya maselo a zomera.
Zomera zakhala gwero lalikulu la chakudya cha nyama ndi anthu kwa zaka zambiri. Komanso, zomera ntchito kuchotsa zosiyanasiyana mankhwala ndi achire mankhwala. Komabe, kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa kwawo ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kufunikira kwa chakudya kumagogomezera kufunika kwa njira zatsopano zobereketsa zomera. Kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamankhwala kukhoza kuthetsa kupereŵera kwa chakudya m'tsogolo mwa kupanga zomera zosinthidwa ma genetic (GM) zomwe zimakhala zaphindu komanso zotha kupirira kusintha kwa nyengo.
Mwachilengedwe, zomera zimatha kukonzanso zomera zatsopano kuchokera ku selo limodzi la "totipotent" (selo lomwe lingathe kubweretsa mitundu yambiri ya maselo) mwa kusiyanitsa ndi kusiyanitsanso kukhala maselo omwe ali ndi mapangidwe ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kukonzekera kwa ma cell totipotent otere kudzera mu chikhalidwe cha minofu ya zomera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poteteza zomera, kuswana, kupanga mitundu ya transgenic komanso pofuna kufufuza kwasayansi. Mwachizoloŵezi, chikhalidwe cha minofu cha kusinthika kwa zomera chimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito olamulira a kukula kwa zomera (GGRs), monga ma auxins ndi ma cytokinins, kuti athetse kusiyana kwa maselo. Komabe, mikhalidwe yabwino ya mahomoni imatha kusiyana kwambiri kutengera mtundu wa mbewu, zikhalidwe ndi mtundu wa minofu. Chifukwa chake, kupanga mikhalidwe yabwino yowunikira kungakhale ntchito yowononga nthawi komanso yogwira ntchito.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, Pulofesa Wothandizira Tomoko Ikawa, pamodzi ndi Pulofesa Wothandizira Mai F. Minamikawa wochokera ku yunivesite ya Chiba, Pulofesa Hitoshi Sakakibara wochokera ku Nagoya University Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences ndi Mikiko Kojima, katswiri waukatswiri wochokera ku RIKEN CSRS, adapanga njira yoyendetsera zomera pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo. Mafotokozedwe a "developmentally regulated" (DR) ma jini osiyanitsa ma cell kuti akwaniritse kusinthika kwa mbewu. Lofalitsidwa mu Volume 15 of Frontiers in Plant Science pa April 3, 2024, Dr. Ikawa anapereka zambiri zokhudza ntchito yawo yofufuza, ponena kuti: "Dongosolo lathu siligwiritsa ntchito ma PGR akunja, koma m'malo mwake limagwiritsa ntchito majini a transcription factor kuti athetse kusiyana kwa maselo.
Ofufuzawo adawonetsa ma jini awiri a DR, BABY BOOM (BBM) ndi WUSCHEL (WUS), ochokera ku Arabidopsis thaliana (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chachitsanzo) ndikuwunika momwe amakhudzira kusiyanitsa kwamtundu wa fodya, letesi ndi petunia. BBM imayika cholembera chomwe chimayang'anira kukula kwa ma embryonic, pomwe WUS imayika cholembera chomwe chimasunga mawonekedwe a cell cell m'chigawo cha apical meristem.
Kufufuza kwawo kunasonyeza kuti mawu a Arabidopsis BBM kapena WUS okha sikokwanira kuti apangitse kusiyana kwa maselo mu minofu ya masamba a fodya. Mosiyana ndi izi, kuphatikizika kwa BBM yoyendetsedwa bwino komanso kusinthidwa kwa WUS kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyanasiyana kodziyimira pawokha kwa phenotype. Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito PCR, ma cell a masamba a transgenic amasiyanitsidwa kukhala callus (ma cell osokonekera), mawonekedwe obiriwira ngati chiwalo ndi masamba obwera. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) kusanthula, njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera ma jini, idawonetsa kuti Arabidopsis BBM ndi mawu a WUS amalumikizana ndi mapangidwe a transgenic calli ndi mphukira.
Poganizira za gawo lofunikira la ma phytohormones pakugawikana kwa maselo ndi kusiyanitsa, ofufuzawo adawerengera milingo isanu ndi umodzi ya ma phytohormones, omwe ndi auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) ndi metabolites yake mu mbewu za transgenic. Zotsatira zawo zidawonetsa kuti milingo ya auxin yogwira ntchito, cytokinin, ABA, ndi GA yosagwira ntchito imawonjezeka pomwe ma cell amasiyanitsidwa kukhala ziwalo, ndikuwonetsa maudindo awo pakusiyanitsa kwa maselo a zomera ndi organogenesis.
Kuphatikiza apo, ochita kafukufukuwo adagwiritsa ntchito ma RNA sequencing transcriptomes, njira yowunikira bwino komanso kuchuluka kwa mafotokozedwe a jini, kuti aunikire machitidwe amtundu wama cell a transgenic omwe akuwonetsa kusiyanitsa kogwira ntchito. Zotsatira zawo zidawonetsa kuti majini okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo ndi auxin adalemeretsedwa mumitundu yoyendetsedwa mosiyanasiyana. Kufufuza kwinanso pogwiritsa ntchito qPCR kunawonetsa kuti ma cell a transgenic adachulukira kapena kuchepa kwa majini anayi, kuphatikiza ma jini omwe amayang'anira kusiyana kwa maselo a zomera, metabolism, organogenesis, ndi kuyankha kwa auxin.
Ponseponse, zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa njira yatsopano komanso yosunthika yakukonzanso mbewu zomwe sizikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito PCR kunja. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito m'kafukufukuyu litha kuwongolera kumvetsetsa kwathu njira zofunika kwambiri zakusiyanitsira ma cell a zomera ndikuwongolera kusankha kwachilengedwe kwa mitundu yothandiza ya zomera.
Pofotokoza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ntchito yake, Dr. Ikawa adati, "Dongosolo lomwe linanena likhoza kupititsa patsogolo kuswana kwa zomera popereka chida chothandizira kusiyanitsa kwa ma cell a transgenic plant cell popanda kufunikira kwa PCR. Choncho, zomera za transgenic zisanavomerezedwe ngati katundu, anthu adzafulumizitsa kuswana kwa zomera ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwirizana nazo."
About Associate Pulofesa Tomoko Igawa Dr. Tomoko Ikawa ndi pulofesa wothandizira pa Graduate School of Horticulture, Center for Molecular Plant Sciences, ndi Center for Space Agriculture ndi Horticulture Research, Chiba University, Japan. Zokonda zake pakufufuza zikuphatikiza kubereka kwa mbewu ndi chitukuko komanso sayansi yazachilengedwe. Ntchito yake imayang'ana pakumvetsetsa njira zama cell zoberekera komanso kusiyanitsa kwa maselo a zomera pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe osiyanasiyana a transgenic. Ali ndi zofalitsa zingapo m'magawo awa ndipo ndi membala wa Japan Society of Plant Biotechnology, Botanical Society of Japan, Japan Plant Breeding Society, Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists, ndi International Society for the Study of Plant Sexual Reproduction.
Kusiyanitsa kodziyimira pawokha kwa ma cell a transgenic popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kunja kwa mahomoni: mafotokozedwe amtundu wamtundu wamtundu ndi machitidwe a phytohormones.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-22-2024