Kukula kwa zomeraretarder ndiyofunikira pakubzala mbewu.Poyang'anira kakulidwe ka zomera ndi kakulidwe ka uchembere wa mbewu, zokolola zabwinoko ndi zokolola zambiri zitha kupezeka.Zolepheretsa kukula kwa zomera nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo paclobutrazol, uniconazole, peptidomimetics, chlormethalin, ndi zina zotero. Monga mtundu watsopano wa kukula kwa zomera, prohexadione calcium yalandira chidwi kwambiri pamsika m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo chiwerengero cha olembetsa chawonjezeka mofulumira.Ndiye,paclobutrazol, niconazole, paroxamine, chlorhexidine, ndi calcium ya prohexadione, kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakugwiritsa ntchito msika wazinthuzi?
(1) Prohexadione calcium: Ndi mtundu watsopano wolepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu.
Ntchito yake ndi yakuti imatha kuletsa GA1 mu gibberellin, kufupikitsa kutalika kwa tsinde la zomera, motero kuwongolera kukula kwa miyendo ya zomera.Nthawi yomweyo, ilibe mphamvu pa GA4 yomwe imayang'anira kusiyanitsa kwamaluwa amaluwa ndi kukula kwa mbewu.
Prohexadione calcium inakhazikitsidwa ku Japan mu 1994 ngati acyl cyclohexanedione kukula retardant.Kupezeka kwa prohexadione calcium ndi kosiyana ndi mchere wa quaternary ammonium (chameleon, mepinium), triazoles (paclobutrazol, alkene) Zolepheretsa kukula kwa zomera monga oxazole) zapanga gawo latsopano loletsa kuchedwa kwa gibberellin biosynthesis, ndipo akhala amalonda. ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe ndi United States.Pakalipano, prohexadione-calcium imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mabizinesi apakhomo, chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti poyerekeza ndi triazole retarders, prohexadione-calcium alibe poizoni wotsalira kwa zomera zozungulira, palibe kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, ndipo ali ndi mwayi wamphamvu.M'tsogolomu, akhoza m'malo triazole kukula retardants, ndipo ali yotakata ntchito chiyembekezo m'minda, mitengo ya zipatso, maluwa, zipangizo Chinese mankhwala ndi mbewu zachuma.
(2) Paclobutrazol: Ndi inhibitor wa zomera amkati gibberellic acid.Zimakhala ndi zotsatira za kuchedwetsa kukula kwa mbewu, kulepheretsa kukula kwa mapesi, kufupikitsa ma internodes, kulimbikitsa kulima, kukulitsa kukana kupsinjika kwa mbewu, kulimbikitsa kusiyana kwa maluwa ndi kuchulukitsa zokolola.Paclobutrazol ndi yoyenera kwa mbewu monga mpunga, tirigu, mtedza, mitengo ya zipatso, soya, udzu, ndi zina zotero, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zochititsa chidwi zolamulira kukula.
Zotsatira za paclobutrazol: Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse zomera zazing'ono, mizu yopunduka ndi ma tubers, masamba opindika, maluwa osayankhula, kukhetsa msanga masamba akale m'munsi, ndi masamba aang'ono opindika ndi kufota.Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa mphamvu ya paclobutrazol, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kudzakhalabe m'nthaka, komanso kumayambitsa phytotoxicity ku mbewu yotsatira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale mbande, kuphukira mochedwa, kutsika kwa mbande, ndi kupunduka kwa mbande ndi zizindikiro zina za phytotoxic.
(3) Uniconazole: Imakhalanso inhibitor ya gibberellin.Lili ndi ntchito zowongolera kukula kwa zomera, kufupikitsa ma internodes, zomera zazing'ono, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira za m'mbali ndi kusiyanitsa kwa maluwa, ndi kulimbikitsa kukana kupsinjika maganizo.Chifukwa cha mgwirizano wapawiri wa paclobutrazol, ntchito yake yachilengedwe ndi mankhwala ndi 6 mpaka 10 nthawi ndi 4 mpaka 10 kuposa paclobutrazol, motero, ndipo kuchuluka kotsalira m'nthaka ndi pafupifupi kotala la paclobutrazol, ndipo mphamvu yake Mlingo wovunda ndi wofulumira, ndipo zotsatira zake pa mbewu zotsatila ndi 1/5 yokha ya paclobutrazol.
Zotsatira zoyipa za uniconazole: zikagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso, zimatha kuyambitsa phytotoxicity, kuchititsa kuyaka kwa mbewu, kufota, kusakula bwino, kuwonongeka kwa masamba, masamba akugwa, maluwa akugwa, zipatso zakugwa, kukhwima mochedwa, etc., ndikugwiritsa ntchito pagawo la mbande zamasamba. idzakhudzanso kukula kwa mbande , Ndiwowopsa kwa nsomba ndipo siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiwe a nsomba ndi minda ina yamadzi am'madzi.
(4) Peptidamine (Mepinium): Ndi inhibitor ya gibberellin.Itha kupititsa patsogolo kaphatikizidwe ka chlorophyll, mbewuyo imakhala yolimba, imatha kuyamwa masamba ndi mizu ya mbewuyo, ndikufalikira ku mbewu yonse, potero imalepheretsa kukula kwa ma cell ndi kulamulira kwa apical, komanso kufupikitsa ma internodes ndikupanga mbewuyo. mtundu compact.Zingathe kuchedwetsa kumera kwa zomera, kulepheretsa mbewuyo kukula bwino, ndi kuchedwa kusindikiza.Peptamine imatha kusintha kukhazikika kwa nembanemba zama cell ndikuwonjezera kukana kupsinjika kwa mbewu.Poyerekeza ndi paclobutrazol ndi uniconazole, ili ndi mankhwala ochepetsetsa, osakwiya, komanso chitetezo chapamwamba.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse za mbewu, ngakhale m'nyengo ya mbande ndi maluwa pomwe mbewu zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala., ndipo kwenikweni palibe zotsatira zoyipa.
(5) Chlormetrodin: Imakwaniritsa zotsatira za kuwongolera kuwongolera mwa kuletsa kaphatikizidwe ka amkati gibberellin.Chlormetrodin imakhudza kukula kwa zomera, imayendetsa kukula kwa zomera ndi kukula kwa ubereki, imapangitsa kuti mungu ukhale wabwino komanso kuchuluka kwa zipatso, komanso kumawonjezera kulima bwino.Kuchedwetsa kukula kwa maselo, zomera zazing'ono, tsinde zolimba, ndi kufupikitsa ma internodes.
Mosiyana ndi paclobutrazol ndi mepiperonium, paclobutrazol nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbande ndi siteji yatsopano ya mphukira, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa mtedza, koma zotsatira za mbewu za autumn ndi yozizira ndizofala;Pazomera zazing'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito kosayenera kwa chlormethalin nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kufota kwa mbewu ndipo phytotoxicity imakhala yovuta kuthetsa;mepiperinium ndi yofatsa, ndipo imatha kumasulidwa popopera gibberellin kapena kuthirira kuti muwonjezere chonde pambuyo pa phytotoxicity.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-19-2022