Kukula kwa zomeraCholetsa kukula kwa zomera n'chofunikira kwambiri pakubzala mbewu. Mwa kuwongolera kukula kwa zomera ndi kubereka kwa mbewu, ubwino wabwino komanso zokolola zambiri zimapezeka. Zinthu zoletsa kukula kwa zomera nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo paclobutrazol, uniconazole, peptidomimetics, chlormethalin, ndi zina zotero. Monga mtundu watsopano wa choletsa kukula kwa zomera, prohexadione calcium yatchuka kwambiri pamsika m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo chiwerengero cha zolembetsa chawonjezekanso mofulumira. Kenako,paclobutrazol, niconazole, paroxamine, chlorhexidine, ndi prohexadione calcium, kodi kusiyana kwa malonda awa ndi kotani pamsika?
(1) Prohexadione calcium: Ndi mtundu watsopano wa cholepheretsa kukula kwa zomera.
Ntchito yake ndi yakuti imatha kuletsa GA1 mu gibberellin, kufupikitsa kutalika kwa tsinde la zomera, motero kuwongolera kukula kwa zomera. Nthawi yomweyo, siili ndi mphamvu pa GA4 yomwe imalamulira kusiyana kwa maluwa a zomera ndi kukula kwa tirigu.
Prohexadione calcium inayambitsidwa ku Japan mu 1994 ngati acyl cyclohexanedione growth retardant. Kupezeka kwa prohexadione calcium n'kosiyana ndi kwa mchere wa quaternary ammonium (chameleon, mepinium), triazoles (paclobutrazol, alkene). Zoletsa kukula kwa zomera monga oxazole) zapanga munda watsopano woletsa gibberellin biosynthesis kumapeto kwa nthawi, ndipo zakhala zikugulitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe ndi United States. Pakadali pano, prohexadione-calcium ikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mabizinesi apakhomo, chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti poyerekeza ndi zoletsa triazole, prohexadione-calcium ilibe poizoni wotsalira ku zomera zozungulira, palibe kuipitsa chilengedwe, ndipo ili ndi ubwino waukulu. M'tsogolomu, ikhoza kulowa m'malo mwa zoletsa kukula kwa triazole, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'minda, mitengo ya zipatso, maluwa, mankhwala aku China komanso mbewu zachuma.
(2) Paclobutrazol: Ndi choletsa gibberellic acid yomwe imapezeka m'mbewu. Imakhala ndi zotsatira zochedwetsa kukula kwa zomera, kuletsa kutalika kwa phesi la mbewu, kufupikitsa ma internodes, kulimbikitsa kuphuka kwa zomera, kuonjezera kukana kupsinjika kwa zomera, kukulitsa kusiyana kwa maluwa ndi kuonjezera zokolola. Paclobutrazol ndi yoyenera mbewu monga mpunga, tirigu, mtedza, mitengo ya zipatso, soya, udzu, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ili ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa yolamulira kukula.
Zotsatirapo za paclobutrazol: Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse zomera zazing'ono, mizu ndi mizu yopindika, masamba opindika, maluwa osalimba, kutayika msanga kwa masamba akale pansi, ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono opindika. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya paclobutrazol ya nthawi yayitali, kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kudzakhalabe m'nthaka, ndipo kudzapangitsanso poizoni ku mbewu yotsatira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbande isamere, kumera mochedwa, kuchepa kwa kumera kwa mbande, komanso kufooka kwa mbande ndi zizindikiro zina za poizoni.
(3) Uniconazole: Ndi mankhwala oletsa gibberellin. Ili ndi ntchito yowongolera kukula kwa zomera, kufupikitsa ma internodes, kumera zomera zocheperapo, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira za mbali ndi kusiyana kwa maluwa, komanso kulimbikitsa kukana kupsinjika. Chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa carbon double wa paclobutrazol, ntchito yake yachilengedwe komanso mphamvu yake yamankhwala ndi yokwera nthawi 6 mpaka 10 ndi nthawi 4 mpaka 10 kuposa ya paclobutrazol, motsatana, ndipo kuchuluka kotsala m'nthaka ndi pafupifupi kotala la paclobutrazol, ndipo mphamvu yake. Kuchuluka kwa kuwola kumakhala kofulumira, ndipo zotsatira zake pa mbewu zotsatira ndi 1/5 yokha ya paclobutrazol.
Zotsatira zoyipa za uniconazole: ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, imayambitsa poizoni wa zomera, kuwotcha, kufota, kusakula bwino, kupunduka kwa masamba, masamba kugwa, maluwa kugwa, zipatso kugwa, kukhwima mochedwa, ndi zina zotero, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mbande za masamba kumakhudzanso kukula kwa mbande. Ndi poizoni kwa nsomba ndipo sikoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madziwe a nsomba ndi m'mafamu ena a nyama zam'madzi.
(4) Peptidamine (Mepinium): Ndi mankhwala oletsa gibberellin. Amatha kuwonjezera kapangidwe ka chlorophyll, chomeracho chimakhala cholimba, chimatha kuyamwa kudzera m'masamba ndi mizu ya chomera, ndikufalikira ku chomera chonse, motero chimaletsa kutalikitsa kwa maselo ndi mphamvu ya apical, komanso chimafupikitsa ma internodes ndikupanga mtundu wa chomera kukhala wocheperako. Amatha kuchedwetsa kukula kwa zomera, kuletsa chomera kukula, ndikuchedwetsa kutseka. Peptamine imatha kulimbitsa kukhazikika kwa nembanemba ya maselo ndikuwonjezera kukana kupsinjika kwa zomera. Poyerekeza ndi paclobutrazol ndi uniconazole, ili ndi mphamvu zochepa zamankhwala, palibe kuyabwa, komanso chitetezo chapamwamba. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse za mbewu, ngakhale m'minda ndi maluwa pomwe mbewu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ku mankhwala. , ndipo kwenikweni palibe zotsatira zoyipa.
(5) Chlormetrodin: Imathandiza kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda mwa kuletsa kupanga gibberellin yachibadwa. Chlormetrodin imalamulira kukula kwa zomera, imalimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera ndi kubereka, imapangitsa kuti mungu ukhale wabwino komanso zipatso zimere mwachangu, komanso imawonjezera kukula bwino kwa zomera. Imachedwetsa kutalikitsa maselo, zomera zazifupi, mizu yolimba, komanso imafupikitsa ma internodes.
Mosiyana ndi paclobutrazol ndi mepiperonium, paclobutrazol nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa siteji ya mbande ndi siteji yatsopano yophukira, ndipo imakhudza bwino mtedza, koma zotsatira zake pa mbewu zophukira ndi za m'nyengo yozizira zimakhala zambiri; Pa mbewu zazifupi, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika chlormethalin nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa mbewu ndipo poizoni wa zomera zimakhala zovuta kuchepetsa; mepipenium ndi yofatsa, ndipo imatha kuchepetsedwa popopera gibberellin kapena kuthirira kuti iwonjezere chonde pambuyo pa poizoni wa zomera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-19-2022