Mbatata, tirigu, mpunga, ndi chimanga zimadziwika kuti ndi mbewu zinayi zofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zimakhala ndi udindo wofunikira pakukula kwa chuma cha ulimi ku China. Mbatata, zomwe zimatchedwanso mbatata, ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'miyoyo yathu. Zitha kupangidwa kukhala zakudya zambiri. Zili ndi zakudya zambiri kuposa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zina. Zili ndi wowuma wambiri, mchere ndi mapuloteni. Zili ndi "maapulo pansi pa nthaka". Mutu. Koma pobzala mbatata, alimi nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi tizilombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa alimi pakulima. Mu nyengo yotentha komanso yamvula, kuchuluka kwa matenda a masamba a mbatata kumakhala kwakukulu. Ndiye, kodi zizindikiro za matenda a masamba a mbatata ndi ziti? Kodi mungapewe bwanji?
Zizindikiro za ngozi Zimawononga masamba makamaka, ambiri mwa iwo ndi matenda oyamba pa masamba otsika omwe ali ndi mphamvu pakati ndi kumapeto kwa kukula. Masamba a mbatata amadwala, kuyambira pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa tsamba kapena nsonga, madontho ofiira ofiira amapangika pachiyambi, kenako pang'onopang'ono amakula kukhala madontho akuluakulu ofiira ooneka ngati "V", okhala ndi mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino a mphete, ndipo m'mphepete mwa madontho ofiira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chlorescence ndi chikasu, ndipo pamapeto pake masamba ofiira amafiira ndipo amapsa, ndipo nthawi zina madontho ochepa akuda a bulauni amatha kupangidwa pa madontho ofiira, ndiko kuti, conidia ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi zina imatha kufalitsa tsinde ndi mipesa, kupanga madontho ofiira ofiirira osaoneka ngati imvi, ndipo pambuyo pake imatha kupanga madontho ang'onoang'ono a bulauni m'gawo lodwala.
Kapangidwe ka matenda a bowa. Matenda a bowa otchedwa Phoma vulgaris amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a bowa omwe sagwira ntchito bwino. Matendawa amafalikira m'nthaka nthawi yozizira ndi sclerotium kapena hyphae pamodzi ndi minofu yodwala, ndipo amathanso kufalikira m'nyengo yozizira ndi zotsalira zina za zomera. Pamene nyengo ikuyenda bwino chaka chamawa, madzi amvula amathira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa masamba kapena tsinde kuti ayambe kufalikira. Matendawa akayamba, sclerotia kapena conidia amapangidwa m'dera lomwe ladwala. Matenda obwerezabwereza mothandizidwa ndi madzi amvula amachititsa kuti matendawa afalikire. Kutentha komanso chinyezi chambiri zimathandiza kuti matendawa ayambe kufalikira komanso kufalikira. Matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri m'malo omwe nthaka yake ili yofooka, kusamalidwa bwino, kubzala mopitirira muyeso, komanso kukula kwa zomera mofooka.
Njira zopewera ndi kulamulira Njira zaulimi: sankhani malo abwino obzalamo, dziwani kuchuluka kwa mbewu zoyenera kubzala; onjezerani feteleza wachilengedwe, ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino feteleza wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu; limbitsani kasamalidwe ka nthawi yomera, kuthirira ndi kuyika pamwamba pa nthaka munthawi yake, kuti mbeu zisakule msanga; nthawi yokolola ikatha Chotsani matupi a matenda m'munda ndikuwawononga m'njira yokhazikika.
Kuletsa mankhwala: Kupewa ndi kuchiza poyambira matendawa. Pachigawo choyamba cha matendawa, mungasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa thiophanate-methyl wothira madzi nthawi 600, kapena 70% mancozeb WP nthawi 600, kapena 50% iprodione WP 1200 Madzi ochulukitsa + 50% Dibendazim wothira madzi nthawi 500, kapena 50% Vincenzolide WP nthawi 1500 madzi + 70% Mancozeb WP nthawi 800 madzi, kapena 560g/L Azoxybacter·Nthawi 800-1200 madzi a Junqing suspending agent, 5% chlorothalonil ufa 1kg-2kg/mu, kapena 5% kasugamycin·copper hydroxide ufa 1kg/mu ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pobzala m'malo otetezedwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-15-2021