Kulima tirigu wa m'nyengo yozizira, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tirigu ndi udzu, kumafuna kusintha zina ndi zina.

University City, Pennsylvania — Tirigu wa m'nyengo yozizira amalimidwa kwambiri m'mafamu a nkhuku ku dera la Mid-Atlantic ku United States kuti apange tirigu ndi udzu. Tiriguyo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha ziweto, ndipo udzuwo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zofunda.Kugwiritsa ntchito owongolera kukulaakhoza kuwonjezera zokolola za tirigu mwa kuletsa kukula koyima ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha malo ogona, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri zokolola za tirigu. Komabe, zotsatira za owongolera kukula pa zokolola ndi ubwino wa udzu sizikudziwika bwino. Chifukwa chake, gulu lofufuza kuchokera ku Pennsylvania State University linachita kafukufuku kuti liwunikire zotsatira za kuphatikiza owongolera kukula ndi kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Kafukufukuyu adachitika m'mayesero a tirigu m'nyengo yozizira ku Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center ku Pennsylvania State University.

"Alimi safuna kuti tirigu amere mopitirira muyeso ndikukhazikika, zomwe zimawononga tirigu, kotero alimi ambiri akhala akugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali."owongolera kukula kwa zomera,"Akutero Daniela Carrijo, pulofesa wothandizira pa ulimi wa tirigu ndi katswiri wokulitsa mbewu ku College of Agricultural Sciences ku Pennsylvania State University. "Tikudziwa kuti olamulira kukula kwa zomera amatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kukhazikika ndikuwonjezera zokolola za tirigu, koma alimi ndi ena omwe akukhudzidwa akufuna kudziwa momwe amakhudzira zokolola ndi ubwino wa udzu. Iyi ndi pulojekiti yokhala ndi zotsatira zenizeni, ndipo tinayesa chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chotchedwa tricyclazole ethyl ester kuti tidziwe momwe chimakhudzira zokolola ndi ubwino wa udzu, zomwe ndizofunikiranso m'minda yosakanikirana."
Kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri, ofufuza anayesa mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya feteleza wa nayitrogeni katatu ndi mankhwala atatu a tricyclazole ethyl ester. Anapeza kuti tricyclazole ethyl ester inachepetsa kutalika kwa chomera koma sinawonjezere makulidwe a tsinde. Mankhwala awiri a tricyclazole ethyl ester anapangitsa kuti zipatso za udzu zichepe ndi 8%, pomwe mankhwala amodzi anachepetsa zipatso za udzu ndi 5%, ngakhale kuti kusiyana kumeneku sikunali kofunikira kwambiri pa ziwerengero. Anapezanso kuti tricyclazole ethyl ester sinasinthe ubwino wa udzu kapena kuyamwa madzi—kutanthauza kuti sizinakhudze mphamvu ya udzu kusunga madzi, kotero udzuwo ukhoza kugwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati zofunda za ziweto. Ofufuzawo adanenanso kuti malo ogona sanawonekere m'malo aliwonse oyesera, ndipo kuti kuwonjezeka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni kunathandiza kuti mapuloteni a tirigu akhale ochepa.

"Zotsatira zathu ndi zosakanikirana—tapeza kuti tricyclazole ethyl ester ingachepetse pang'ono kukolola kwa udzu, koma sizikhudza ubwino wa udzu kapena kukolola kwa tirigu," adatero Carrijo. "Alimi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito tricyclazole ethyl ester ayenera kuganizira zabwino ndi zoyipa: zingathandize kuchepetsa malo ogona (ngati izi ndi vuto), koma zingachepetse pang'ono kukolola kwa udzu. Kusinthana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri ngati udzu ndi chinthu chofunikira pafamu ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zofunda."
Wolemba woyamba wa kafukufukuyu, Larissa Correa, anali katswiri wofufuza woyendera mu Dipatimenti ya Sayansi ya Zomera ku Pennsylvania State University. Pakadali pano ndi katswiri wofufuza za postdoctoral ku University of Wisconsin-Madison. Ronald Hoover, mkulu wa pulogalamu yothandizira mu Dipatimenti ya Sayansi ya Zomera, nayenso adatenga nawo mbali mu kafukufukuyu.
Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi Syngenta ndi bungwe la National Institute of Food and Agriculture la US Department of Agriculture.