Feteleza ndiye maziko a chitetezo cha chakudya. Kudziwika kwa mayiko akuluakulu omwe amatumiza feteleza ndifetelezaMitundu yomwe amagula imawonetsa mwachindunji mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka ulimi wapadziko lonse.
I. Chidule cha Padziko Lonse: Zonse Zochokera Kunja Zokwana Matani 290 Miliyoni, ndipo Otumiza Atatu Apamwamba Ali Pafupifupi 40%
Mu 2024, kuchuluka konse kwa feteleza wotumizidwa kunja m'maiko ndi madera 168 padziko lonse lapansi kunali pafupifupi matani 289 miliyoni. Kapangidwe ka feteleza wotumizidwa kunja kamakhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu:
Dziko la Brazil lili pamalo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi monga dziko lotumiza feteleza lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi matani pafupifupi 46.07 miliyoni (15.9%);
kutsatiridwa ndi United States (pafupifupi matani 32.97 miliyoni, 11.4%) ndi India (pafupifupi matani 32.40 miliyoni, 11.2%). Mayiko atatuwa pamodzi amapanga pafupifupi 38.5% ya zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa padziko lonse lapansi;
Mayiko khumi apamwamba omwe amatumiza kunja adalemba kutumiza konsekonse kwa matani pafupifupi 171.90 miliyoni, zomwe zikuyimira 59.4% ya chiwerengero chonse cha padziko lonse lapansi ndikupanga "gulu loyamba lotumiza kunja" loyenera.
II. Mayiko ndi Madera 100 Apamwamba Potengera Kuchuluka kwa Feteleza Padziko Lonse, 2024
Kuchokera m'madera osiyanasiyana, kufunikira kwa feteleza kuchokera kunja kukuchitika m'maiko akuluakulu a ulimi komanso m'mayiko omwe chuma chawo chili chosowa.
III. Kugawa kwa Zigawo: Chitsanzo cha Magulu Atatu Pakati pa Asia, Latin America ndi Europe
M'madera osiyanasiyana, kufunikira kwa feteleza kuchokera kunja kumayang'ana kwambiri mayiko akuluakulu a ulimi ndi mayiko omwe ali ndi chuma chosowa.
Asia ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha zinthu zochokera kunja zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi anthu ambiri ku India, China ndi Southeast Asia, pamodzi ndi ulimi wochuluka wa mpunga ndi mbewu zogulira. Ku Latin America, ulimi wa soya ku Brazil ndi Argentina ukulimbikitsa kufunikira kwakukulu kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Poyimiridwa ndi France, Germany ndi mayiko ena, Europe ikuwona kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa feteleza wophatikizana ndi wamadzimadzi.
IV. Kusakaniza kwa Zogulitsa: Mitundu 5 Yapamwamba ya Feteleza pa Mayiko 20 Apamwamba Omwe Akutumiza Kumayiko Ena
Chidule cha Mawu Ofotokozera:
Muriate wa Potash; Urea; Diammonium Phosphate; Monoammonium Phosphate; NPK Compound Feteleza; Ammonium Sulfate; Ammonium Nitrate Solution; Calcium Ammonium Nitrate; Ammonium Nitrate; Sulfate wa Potash; Anhydrous Ammonia; Phosphate Rock; Triple Superphosphate; Single Superphosphate.
V. Chidziwitso Chozikidwa pa Deta: Mfundo Zinayi Zofunika Kuziganizira Pa Makampani
1. Feteleza wa Potash (MOP) ndi feteleza wodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi
Pakati pa mayiko 20 omwe amatumiza zinthu kunja, Muriate of Potash (MOP) imapezeka pamndandanda wa mayiko 5 apamwamba m'maiko ambiri ndipo ili pa nambala 1 ku Brazil, United States, Indonesia, China, Malaysia, Belgium ndi maiko ena. Izi zikuwonetsa momwe dziko lonse lapansi limagawira zinthu zambiri za potash komanso kudalira kwambiri zinthu zochokera kunja.
2. Urea ndiye feteleza wa nayitrogeni wodziwika kwambiri wochokera kunja
Urea imapezeka kawirikawiri (nthawi 17) m'ndandanda 5 zapamwamba za mayiko 20 awa ndipo ili pamalo oyamba ku Australia, Thailand, Türkiye, Mexico, Poland, United Kingdom, Spain ndi ena. Ndi feteleza wolimba wa nayitrogeni wotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso mtundu wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni wogulitsidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
3. Kukhalapo kwa ammonium phosphates (DAP/MAP) ndi phosphate rock (PR) pamodzi kumasonyeza kusiyana kwa unyolo wopangira zinthu
Dziko la United States, Canada ndi Australia limakonda kutumiza kumayiko ena Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP). India, Türkiye, Belgium, Republic of Korea ndi mayiko ena amatumiza miyala yambiri ya phosphate (PR) ngati chakudya chokonzera zinthu zina. Bangladesh, India ndi Canada amatumiza kumayiko ena Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). Zochitikazi zikuwonetsa kugawikana kwa mafakitale pakati pa "kutumiza zinthu zopangira" ndi "kutumiza zinthu zomalizidwa".
3. Urea-Ammonium Nitrate solution (UAN) ndi feteleza wa NPK zimasonyeza luso la ulimi wolondola
4. Njira yothetsera Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) imapezeka kwambiri m'magulu 5 apamwamba ku France, United Kingdom, Belgium, United States ndi mayiko ena akumadzulo, zomwe zikuwonetsa njira zokhazikika zogwiritsira ntchito makina ndi feteleza wamadzimadzi. Feteleza wa NPK ali ndi gawo lalikulu ku Spain, Poland, United Kingdom, Thailand, Indonesia ndi kwina, zomwe zikuwonetsa momwe zinthu zilili pankhani yosamalira bwino mbewu kudzera mu "feteleza yolinganizidwa bwino".
VI. Mapeto
Malinga ndi ziwerengero za 2024, feteleza padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zimadziwika ndi "kulamulidwa ndi mayiko ochepa akuluakulu komanso kusakaniza bwino kwa zinthu". Brazil, United States ndi India zimakhala ndi pafupifupi 40% ya zinthu zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja. Potash ndi urea zimagwira ntchito ngati zinthu zazikulu; ammonium phosphate /phosphate-rock imports ikuphatikiza kugawa kwa unyolo wopangira; feteleza wamadzimadzi ndi wophatikizika amawonetsa kukula kwa ulimi wolondola.
Kwa makampani otumiza ndi kutumiza feteleza kunja, amalonda ndi ofufuza mafakitale, kumvetsetsa zomwe mayiko amasankha pazinthu zomwe amagulitsa komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe amagula kumapereka umboni wofunikira kwambiri popanga njira zamsika ndikukonza njira zogulira feteleza.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-25-2026
