Fungicides

Fungicides ndi mtundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda a zomera omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana.Ma fungicides amagawidwa kukhala ma fungicides a inorganic ndi organic fungicides kutengera momwe amapangira mankhwala.Pali mitundu itatu ya mankhwala ophera bowa: mankhwala ophera fungicide a sulfure, opha nkhungu amkuwa, ndi mankhwala a mercury fungicides;Organic fungicides akhoza kugawidwa mu organic sulfure (monga mancozeb), trichloromethyl sulfide (monga captan), m'malo benzene (monga Chlorothalonil), pyrrole (monga mbewu kuvala), organic phosphorous (monga aluminium ethophosphate), Benzimidazole (monga monga Carbendazim), triazole (monga triadimefon, triadimenol), phenylamide (monga metalaxyl), etc.

Malinga ndi kupewa ndi kuchiza zinthu, Iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu fungicides, bactericides, opha ma virus, etc. Malinga ndi Njira yochitira, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu oteteza fungicides, ma fungicides opumira, etc. Malinga ndi gwero la zopangira, akhoza kugawidwa mu mankhwala kupanga fungicides, mankhwala ulimi (monga jinggangmycin, ulimi mankhwala 120), zomera fungicides, chomera Defensin, etc. Malinga ndi limagwirira kupha mankhwala, zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: oxidizing ndi non oxidizing. fungicides.Mwachitsanzo, chlorine, Sodium hypochlorite, bromine, ozoni ndi chloramine ndi oxidizing bactericides;Quaternary ammonium cation, dithiocyanomethane, etc. ndi nonoxidizing fungicides.

1. Njira zopewera kugwiritsa ntchito fungicidesPosankha mankhwala opha fungicides, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe ali nazo.Pali mitundu iwiri ya fungicides, imodzi ndi yoteteza, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa matenda a zomera, monga Bordeaux osakaniza madzi, mancozeb, Carbendazim, ndi zina zotero;Mtundu wina ndi mankhwala ochizira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo poyambitsa matenda a zomera kuti aphe kapena kuletsa mabakiteriya omwe amawononga zomera.Achire othandizira ali ndi zotsatira zabwino kumayambiriro kwa matenda, monga fungicides pawiri monga Kangkuning ndi Baozhida.

2. Mankhwala ophera fungal ayenera kupopera nthawi isanakwane 9 koloko kapena 4 koloko masana kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi dzuwa.Ngati upopera padzuwa lotentha, mankhwalawo amatha kuwola komanso kusanduka nthunzi, zomwe sizingathandize kuti mbewu zimere.

3. Mankhwala ophera fungal sangasakanizidwe ndi mankhwala a alkaline.Osachulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa fungicides omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo muwagwiritse ntchito ngati pakufunika.

4. Mankhwala opha tizilombo nthawi zambiri amakhala ufa, ma emulsion, ndi zoyimitsidwa, ndipo ayenera kuchepetsedwa musanagwiritse ntchito.Pamene diluting, choyamba kuwonjezera mankhwala, ndiye kuwonjezera madzi, ndiyeno kusonkhezera ndi ndodo.Mukasakaniza ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo, mankhwalawa amayenera kuchepetsedwa kaye kenako nkuwasakaniza ndi mankhwala ena.

5. Nthawi pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides ndi masiku 7-10.Kwa omwe ali ndi mphamvu zomata komanso osayamwa bwino mkati, ayenera kupoperanso ngati mvula ikagwa pakatha maola atatu mutatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.