Musanabzale mbande za mango, nthaka iyenera kukonzedwa bwino ndipo feteleza woyambira ayenera kuyikidwa.Kuyambira pamene mbande zamera kapena mbande zitapulumuka, ziyenera kupangidwa bwino kuti nthambi zigawidwe mofanana.Mtengowo umalowa bwino m'malo opepuka, zomwe zimathandiza kukula kwa michere komanso kubereka zipatso, ndipo umapanga mawonekedwe a mtengo omwe amabala msanga, amabereka zipatso zambiri komanso amakhala okhazikika. Kupanda kutero, ukhoza kuyambitsa kufalikira kwa mitengo, matenda oopsa ndi tizilombo toononga, komanso zipatso zochepa zomwe zimagulitsidwa zikabereka zipatso.
I. Njira zodulira ndi kupangira mawonekedwe
1. Njira yachilengedwe yopangira mawonekedwe a pamwamba. Chomera chikadzalidwa, chikakula kufika pa masentimita 60-70, dulani pamwamba kuti mukhazikitse thunthu lalikulu. Nthambi yoyamba ya mbali iyenera kukhala pamtunda wa masentimita 30-40 kuchokera pa thunthu lalikulu, ndipo nthambi yachiwiri ya mbali iyenera kukhala pamtunda wa masentimita 25-35 kuchokera pa nthambi yayikulu. Bwerezani izi kuti mupange korona wa mtengo wozungulira.
2. Ndi njira yopangira thunthu lapakati. Chomera chikakula kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 60-70, tsinde lalikulu limadulidwa ndikukhazikika. Pali nthambi zazikulu zitatu mu gawo loyamba, ndipo nthambi zazikulu zitatu kapena zinayi zimasiyidwa mu gawo lachiwiri, zomwe zili pamtunda wa masentimita 20 kuchokera ku nthambi yayikulu yachiwiri. Mtengo uwu uli ndi tsinde lalikulu lapakati lomwe limayima molunjika komanso mmwamba. Korona wa mtengo umapanga masamba awiri, limodzi laling'ono pamwamba ndi lina lalikulu pansi.
3. Njira yachilengedwe yopangira mawonekedwe ofanana ndi fan. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kukanikiza nsonga za zomera zikafika kutalika kwa masentimita 50 mpaka 90, kuti nthambi zikhazikike ndikusunga nthambi zazikulu zitatu. Gawo lachiwiri la nthambi zazikulu limapanga mawonekedwe opingasa okhala ndi gawo loyamba la nthambi zazikulu, ndipo mbali yake imalumikizidwa ndi gawo loyamba. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kubzala mozama, mothina, komanso kulima mozama, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mpweya ulowe komanso kuwala kulowe m'mizere. Komabe, njira zopangira ndi kudulira zimafuna luso lapamwamba ndipo zimafuna ntchito yambiri.
II. Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri Zokhudza Kusamalira Mango Ochuluka
1. Kusamalira feteleza. Kuwonjezera pa kudulira ndi kupanga mawonekedwe omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, feteleza wachilengedwe ndi feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri zitha kusankhidwa ngati feteleza. Panthawi yosiyanitsa maluwa a mitengo ya mango yokhwima (mwezi umodzi maluwa asanatuluke, mwachitsanzo, Seputembala-Okutobala), feteleza woyambitsa maluwa ayenera kuyikidwa, makamaka wokhala ndi nayitrogeni (urea) ndi potaziyamu (potassium nitrate); mu Epulo-Meyi, panthawi yokulitsa zipatso, feteleza wokulitsa zipatso ayenera kuyikidwa; pambuyo pokolola zipatso, feteleza wachilengedwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wamkulu.
2. Yang'anirani kuti zipatso ziwonjezeke. Mu nthawi ya masika ya maluwa a mango, ngati mvula ndi nyengo yozizira zagwa, maluwa oyamba kutuluka msanga amatha kuchotsedwa pamanja, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mamiligalamu 500 pa lita imodzi ya paclobutrazol kumatha kupopedwa kuti kuchedwetse nthawi ya maluwa. Ngati nyengo ili bwino, ethylene ikhoza kupopedwa kuti ilimbikitse maluwa a mitengo ndikuletsa kukula kwa nthambi zodyetsedwa mopitirira muyeso.Chotsani maluwa okhuthala kwambiri pamanja kuti zipatso zikule mofanana.
3. Kuletsa tizilombo ndi matenda. Matenda ofala a mango ndi monga anthracnose, powdery mildew, ndi gummosis. Mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito popewa kapena kuletsa matendawa asanayambe kapena koyambirira. Pa anthracnose, 80% mancozeb WP pa kuchuluka kwa nthawi 400-600, kapena 70% thiophanate-methyl WP pa 1000-1500, kapena 50% benomyl WP pa 800-1000, kapena 25% mancozeb EC pa 2000-3000 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa. Pa powdery mildew, 20% triadimefon EC pa 800 kapena 15% triadimefon WP pa 500 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pa gummosis, gawo lodwalalo likhoza kudulidwa ndi mpeni, ndipo filimu yochiritsa mabala ndi yoletsa dzimbiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito potseka balalo. Pakani mafuta atsopano okhala ndi mafuta ambiri nthawi zonse ndipo thiophanate-methyl WP 70% ikani mafutawo nthawi 800.
Yesetsani kuti zipatso ziwonjezeke. Mu nthawi ya masika ya maluwa a mango, ngati mvula ndi nyengo yozizira zagwa, maluwa oyamba kukula msanga amatha kuchotsedwa pamanja, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mamiligalamu 500 pa lita imodzi ya paclobutrazol kumatha kupopedwa kuti kuchedwetse nthawi ya maluwa. Ngati nyengo ili bwino, ethylene ikhoza kupopedwa kuti mitengo ikule bwino ndikuletsa kukula kwa nthambi zodyetsedwa mopitirira muyeso. Chotsani maluwa ochulukirapo pamanja kuti muwonetsetse kuti zipatso zikula mofanana.
Kuletsa tizilombo ndi matenda. Matenda ofala a mango ndi monga anthracnose, powdery mildew, ndi gummosis. Mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito popewa kapena kuletsa matendawa asanayambe kapena koyambirira. Pa anthracnose, 80% mancozeb WP pa kuchuluka kwa nthawi 400-600, kapena 70% thiophanate-methyl WP pa 1000-1500, kapena 50% benomyl WP pa 800-1000, kapena 25% mancozeb EC pa 2000-3000 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa. Pa powdery mildew, 20% triadimefon EC pa 800 kapena 15% triadimefon WP pa 500 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pa gummosis, gawo lodwalalo likhoza kudulidwa ndi mpeni, ndipo filimu yochiritsa mabala ndi yoletsa dzimbiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito potseka balalo. Pakani mafuta atsopano okhala ndi mafuta ambiri nthawi zonse ndipo thiophanate-methyl WP 70% ikani mafutawo nthawi 800.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti ndi monga njenjete zolusa usiku, ziwala zolusa zopaka pakamwa, zobaya nkhuni, ndi ntchentche zazing'ono za zipatso. Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zaulimi ndi zachilengedwe zowongolera, pamene mphukira zofewa kapena maluwa atuluka ndi masentimita 1 mpaka 3, yankho la 90% la carbaryl crystal pa kuchuluka kwa 1000 lingagwiritsidwe ntchito popewa ndi kuwongolera. Thirani kamodzi pa masiku 7 mpaka 10 aliwonse, ndikubwerezanso njirayi kawiri mpaka katatu. Kwa obaya nkhuni, 30% ya carbaryl emulsifiable concentrate pa kuchuluka kwa 80 mpaka 100 komwe kuchuluka kwake kungalowetsedwe m'mabowo, kenako kutseka mabowo. Kwa ntchentche zazing'ono za zipatso, methyl eugenol ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwira ndi kupha. Makamaka, zidutswa zazing'ono za bolodi la ulusi wa nzimbe zomwe zimanyowa mu methyl eugenol ndi yankho la 3% la malathion zimapachikidwa pamitengo kuti zigwire.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-27-2026
