Chiŵerengero cha kufalikira kwa zomera chimafika pa 94%! Mu makampani opanga zinthu zobiriwira padziko lonse ku Netherlands, tizilombo topindulitsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapanga mzere woteteza zachilengedwe.

Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku Netherlands Bureau for Statistics (CBS), kuchuluka kwa kulamulira kwa zamoyo (zamoyo) mu mbewu zobiriwira ku Netherlands mu 2024 kunali 94% (kutengera malo obzala), komwe kunali kofanana kwambiri ndi mu 2020. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zowongolera zamoyo kwawonjezeka. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito nthata zolusa ndi tizilombo tolusa kunakwera kuchoka pa 69% ya malo onse obzala mu 2020 kufika pa 84% mu 2024. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga mabakiteriya amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulamulira tizilombo m'malo opitilira awiri mwa atatu a malo obzala mbewu zobiriwira. Deta yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi ziwerengero zoyambirira kuchokera ku CBS.

Omwe adatenga nawo mbali mu kafukufukuyu anali alimi a nkhaka, tsabola wotsekemera, tomato, sitiroberi, ma daisies aku Africa, ma chrysanthemums, maluwa a maluwa, zomera zophuka m'miphika ndi zomera za masamba.Anafunsidwa za momwe amagwiritsira ntchito njira zowongolera zamoyo.Pafupifupi theka la alimi obzala zomera m'nyumba zobiriwira adalima mbewu imodzi mwa izi, ndipo mbewu izi pamodzi zidapanga 70% ya malo onse obiriwira ku Netherlands (mahekitala 10,000).

Kupatula nthata zolusa ndi tizilombo tolusa, mitundu ina yowononga zachilengedwe monga mavu oyambitsa matenda (sphecodes), midges a ndulu, tizilombo tolusa, ntchentche ndi kafadala nazonso zinali ndi gawo lalikulu la malo onse obzala kuposa mu 2020.Mitundu ya nematode inali mitundu yochepetsera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachilengedwe m'nyumba zobiriwira, ndipo gawo lokhalo la malo obzalamo linali 12% yokha.

Pa mbewu zambiri zobiriwira, zinthu zoletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizilombo kapena nthata pa malo opitilira 95% a malo obzala. Mwachitsanzo, polima nkhaka ndi phwetekere, zinthu zoletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zinali zitatsala pang'ono kuphimba malo onse obzala pofika chaka cha 2020. Chiŵerengero cha zomera zamaluwa ndi masamba omwe amaikidwa m'miphika ndi chotsika, koma chimakhala chokwera kuposa 75%.

Gawo logwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthata zolusa ndi tizilombo tolusa linawonjezeka kwambiri mu phwetekere: linakwera kuchoka pa 18% mu 2020 kufika pa 66% mu 2024. Kugwiritsa ntchito mavu ndi ndulu kunakula kwambiri m'minda ya maluwa m'miphika, kukwera kuchoka pa 29% mu 2020 kufika pa 45% mu 2024; linakweranso kwambiri mu ulimi wa chrysanthemum, kuchoka pa 68% kufika pa 82%. Kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tolusa, tizilombo tolusa, mphutsi ndi ntchentche zodya nsabwe za m'masamba mu ulimi wa chrysanthemum kunakula kwambiri, kuchoka pa 10% kufika pa 44%.

Kupatula tizilombo tothandiza, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga mabakiteriya, bowa ndi mavairasi) ndi njira zina zokhazikika m'malo mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizilombo m'malo 67% a malo obiriwira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polima chrysanthemum, ndipo amaphimba 90% ya malo obzala, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono kwambiri polima nkhaka (50%).

Kafukufuku wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'minda wasonyeza kuti, kupatula ulimi wowonjezera kutentha, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda polimbana ndi tizilombo kunali kochepa kwambiri. Sizinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ulimi wa m'munda. Mu mitengo ya apulo, peyala ndi ya m'mizinda (monga mitengo ya chestnut, mitengo ya birch ndi mitengo ya chitumbuwa ya ku Japan) ndi kufalikira kwa mbande za mitengo, gawo la mankhwala oterewa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito linali 10% mpaka 25% ya malo onse obzala.