Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha ulimi waukulu wa ziweto m'madera akumidzi, kupewa matenda kwakhala kofunika kwambiri, makamaka nthawi yachilimwe yotentha komanso yamvula pamenentchentche ndi udzudzuKuchulukana kwakukulu, zomwe zikufulumizitsa kufalikira kwa matenda a ziweto komanso kukhala chiopsezo chachikulu cha kufalikira kwa matenda. Izi zabweretsa mavuto ambiri pakupanga ziweto. Momwe mungapewere ntchentche mwasayansi komanso moyenera ndikuchotsa udzudzu kwakhala vuto lofunika kwambiri lomwe mafamu akuluakulu a ziweto akumidzi ayenera kuthetsa.
Chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha m'chilimwe, chilakolako cha nyama chimachepa, chidwi chawo pa zinthu zakunja chimawonjezeka. Masana, amasokonezedwa ndi ntchentche, ndipo usiku, amalumidwa ndi udzudzu. Zotsatira zake, samatha kupuma mokwanira. Komanso, chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi ntchentche ndi udzudzu, michere yomwe ili m'thupi la nyamayo imachotsedwa, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwawo komanso kukana matenda m'thupi.
Zikudziwika kuti udzudzu ndi ntchentche zimatha kunyamula mitundu yoposa 60 ya mabakiteriya, mavairasi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pakati pawo, mitundu yoposa 50 ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imafalikira ndi kunyamulidwa ndi ntchentche. Matenda ofunikira omwe amakhudza ziweto ndi kuswana nkhuku ndi awa: matenda a mapazi ndi pakamwa, matenda a pseudorabies, malungo a nkhumba, chimfine cha mbalame, matenda a Newcastle, avian Pasteurella multocida, avian Escherichia coli, coccidiosis, ndi zina zotero. Pa nthawi ya matenda, zimatha kufulumizitsa kufalikira kwa matenda ofalikira ndikuwonjezera zovuta zopewera ndi kuwongolera matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, m'makola obereketsa nkhumba, udzudzu ndi ntchentche zimatha kuyambitsa mastitis yayikulu mwa nkhumba komanso kufalitsa Streptococcus ndikuyambitsa Streptococcus meningitis mwa ana a nkhumba. Kafukufuku wasonyezanso kuti udzudzu ndi ntchentche ndi njira zochizira malungo a nkhumba, anaplasmosis ndi gastroenteritis yopatsirana.
Kulamulira chilengedwe ndiyo njira yofunika kwambiri yowongolera udzudzu ndi ntchentche. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchotsa magwero obereketsa, kuyatsa kwachilengedwe pa ndowe za ziweto ndi zinthu zina zodetsa kuti zikhale zaukhondo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mazira a udzudzu, mphutsi ndi akuluakulu asapulumuke, kapena kuwaletsa kukopa ntchentche zazikazi kuti ziyikire mazira. Kupanga malo oyenera a ziweto ndicho chinthu choyamba chofunikira pakulera ziweto zathanzi. Pomanga zikhola zazikulu za ziweto, sikuti zimangofunika kuti zithetse mvula ndi chinyezi, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha m'nyengo yozizira komanso kuzizira m'chilimwe, komanso kuganizira kwambiri za kukhala ndi ntchito zopewera tizilombo ndi matenda. Chifukwa chake, pomanga zikhola za ziweto, sankhani malo okhala ndi malo okwera komanso ouma, moyang'ana kum'mwera, okhala ndi malo athyathyathya komanso otsetsereka pang'ono. Kapangidwe ka khola la ziweto kayenera kukhala koyenera, kuganizira mokwanira momwe manyowa, mkodzo ndi zimbudzi zimagwirira ntchito, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino mkati mwa khola, zomwe zimathandiza kuti madzi azituluka komanso zimbudzi zituluke.
Sungani ukhondo ndi ukhondo wa malo obereketsera ndi malo ozungulira, chotsani malo oberekera udzudzu ndi ntchentche, chotsani ndowe ndi mkodzo mwachangu m'malo oberekera, yeretsani nthawi zonse miphika yodyetsera ndi matanki amadzi, dzazani madzi m'madambo ndi m'malo otsetsereka, gwiritsani ntchito njira zotulutsira madzi pansi pa nthaka, sungani ndowe kutali ndi malo okhala ndi malo oberekera, ndipo nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti muphe ntchentche zazikulu ndi mphutsi za ntchentche. Mukatsuka malo oberekera, yeretsani madziwo, onjezerani mpweya wabwino kuti muumire pansi pa malowo mwachangu.
M'mafamu akuluakulu a ziweto m'madera akumidzi, chifukwa cha malo awo akutali, n'zovuta kusamalira bwino chilengedwe chozungulira. Chifukwa chake, njira monga kuchotsa udzu wozungulira mashed a ziweto, kutseka zitseko ndi mawindo a mashed ndi pulasitiki, komanso kuletsa ntchentche ndi udzudzu kulowa m'mashed zitha kuchitidwa. Masana, mivi yodzipangira yokha ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa ntchentche, ndipo usiku, zipangizo zophera udzudzu zopangidwa ndi Guangzhou Jiaobao Technology Electrical Appliance Factory zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa udzudzu.
Pa makoma ndi denga loposa mita imodzi kuchokera mkati, omwe ali ndi madzi ambiri ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri, ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo. Pa malo omwe madzi sakuyamwa bwino, mankhwala ambiri koma ochepa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala 48% chlorpyrifos, ochepetsedwa nthawi 150 mpaka 200, kapena Kainuo ochepetsedwa nthawi 200 mpaka 300. Popopera malo, 5%mankhwala ophera tizilombomankhwala ophera tizilombo, 6% mafuta ophera tizilombo a Kill-Duoxi, 5% mankhwala ophera tizilombo a Wei Hui Jing, ndi zina zotero angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kunja kwa famu ya nkhumba, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ogwira ntchito bwino ayenera kupopedwa pamakoma a malo obisalamo, m'maenje a ndowe, m'ngalande za zinyalala, m'madamu, ndi m'malo omwe zinyalala zimaunjikidwa, kuti pasakhale malo oberekera udzudzu, mphutsi ndi ntchentche. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamankhwala poletsa udzudzu ndi ntchentche, mankhwala osapha poizoni kapena otsika poizoni ayenera kusankhidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti angathe kupha udzudzu ndi ntchentche bwino pamene akuonetsetsa kuti nkhumba zikula bwino komanso zikule bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti chifukwa cha udzudzu ndi ntchentche, makamaka ntchentche, ana awo amakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi mankhwala enaake mwachangu kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amodzi poletsa kumachepetsa pang'onopang'ono mphamvuyo ndikupangitsa kuti kuwongolera udzudzu ndi ntchentche kukhale kovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala iyenera kusankhidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mozungulira kuti iwonetsetse kuti mphamvu yowongolera ikugwira ntchito. Pomaliza, mankhwala kapena zowonjezera zophera ntchentche ndi mphutsi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku chakudya cha gulu lonse la ziweto, zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi la nkhumba nthawi zonse, kupangitsa khungu la nkhumba kukhala loyera komanso lowala, komanso kukulitsa kukula kwake; ndowe za nkhumba zimathanso kukhala ndi mphamvu yopha ntchentche za mphutsi zomwe zili m'ngalande ya zimbudzi, motero zimapangitsa kuti ntchentchezo zisamayende bwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-08-2026
