Chiyambi:
MANKHWALA OTSIRIDWA WA BIOLOGICALndi njira yosinthira yomwe imateteza tizirombo komanso kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.Njira yotsogola yothana ndi tizirombo imeneyi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zochokera ku zamoyo monga zomera, mabakiteriya ndi mafangasi.M'nkhani yathunthu iyi, tiwona momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, mapindu, ndi magwiritsidwe akemankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndikupereka kumvetsetsa kwatsatanetsatane kwa njira ina yothandiza zachilengedwe iyi.
1. Kumvetsetsa Mankhwala Ophera tizilombo:
1.1 Tanthauzo: Mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amadziwikanso kuti biopesticides, ndi zinthu zochokera ku zamoyo zamoyo kapena zotsalira zake, zomwe zimaloza tizirombo pomwe zili ndi chiwopsezo chochepa ku chilengedwe ndi zamoyo zomwe sizomwe zikufuna.
1.2 Kusinthasintha kwa Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito: Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana aulimi, minda yamaluwa, ndi mabanja.Amatha kulimbana ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, monga tizilombo, udzu, bowa, ndi matenda a zomera.
1.3 Zigawo Zofunika Kwambiri: Zomwe zimapangidwira mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi bowa), mankhwala a biochemicals (pheromones ndi zotulutsa zomera), ndi macroorganisms (zolusa ndi parasitoids).
2. Ubwino wa Mankhwala Ophera tizilombo:
2.1 Kuchepetsa Kuwonongeka kwa Chilengedwe: Mosiyana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo wamba, njira zopangira tizilombo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa zotsalira, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha madzi, nthaka, ndi mpweya.Komanso, sizivulaza tizilombo, mbalame, kapena nyama zopindulitsa, zomwe zimateteza zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana.
2.2 Kuchulukitsidwa Kwachulukidwe: Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amawonetsa zomwe tingachite polimbana ndi tizirombo tomwe tikusaka, kuchepetsa chiopsezo chovulaza zamoyo zopindulitsa.Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zamoyo zomwe sizinali zowongoka zomwe zimafunikira kuti chilengedwe chisamawonongeke.
2.3 Kukula Pang'ono Kukaniza: Tizilombo nthawi zambiri timayamba kukana mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'kupita kwa nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwire ntchito.Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimachititsa kuti tizirombo tivutike kukana.
3. Mitundu ya Mankhwala Ophera tizilombo:
3.1 Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi bowa popanga.Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi tizirombo tambirimbiri.
3.2 Mankhwala Ophera tizilombo: Ochokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe monga zomera, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amakhala ndi ma pheromones, zotulutsa zomera, ma enzyme, kapena mahomoni a tizilombo.Izi zimasokoneza machitidwe a tizilombo, makwerero, kapena kukula.
3.3 Mankhwala Owononga Tizilomboti: Pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tolusa, nematodes, kapena parasitoids, adani omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwewa amathandizira kuti chilengedwe chisamayende bwino polimbana ndi tizirombo tina.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchitoMankhwala Ophera Tizilombo:
4.1 Gawo laulimi: Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazaulimi wokhazikika chifukwa amathandizira njira zophatikizira zowononga tizilombo (IPM).Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kungachepetse kudalira mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi labwino la chilengedwe.
4.2 Ulimi wa Horticulture ndi Dimba: Oyang'anira zachilengedwe amalimbana bwino ndi tizirombo m'malo obiriwira obiriwira, m'malo osungiramo mbewu, m'minda yakunja, kuteteza thanzi la mbewu ndi kuchepetsa zotsalira zamankhwala pazokolola.
4.3 Kasamalidwe ka Tizilombo M'nyumba: M'nyumba ndi m'malo okhala, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amatha kuthana ndi tizirombo monga nyerere, udzudzu ndi ntchentche popanda kuyika chiwopsezo chaumoyo kwa omwe akukhalamo, ziweto komanso chilengedwe.
5. Kulimbikitsa Kutengedwa kwa Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo:
5.1 Kafukufuku ndi Chitukuko: Kuika ndalama mosalekeza pakufufuza ndi chitukuko ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mphamvu komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Maboma ndi mabungwe azipereka ndalama zothandizira kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi pankhaniyi.
5.2 Kudziwitsa Anthu: Kuphunzitsa alimi, olima dimba, ndi anthu onse za ubwino ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino ka mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi kofunika kwambiri.Kuwunikira nkhani zopambana komanso maphunziro amilandu kumathandizira kukulitsa kutengera njira yokhazikika iyi.
5.3 Thandizo Loyang'anira: Maboma akhazikitse malamulo omveka bwino ndi njira zotsimikizira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti awonetsetse kuti ali abwino, otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima.Izi zimalimbikitsa kupanga malonda ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zodalirika zowononga tizilombo.
Pomaliza:
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amapereka njira yozama komanso yokhazikika yothanirana ndi tizirombo, ndikuwongolera moyenera ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kwa chilengedwe.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwawo mosiyanasiyana, kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa zamoyo zomwe sizinali zowongoleredwa, ndi chitukuko chochepa cha kukana zimawapangitsa kukhala chida chofunikira paulimi, ulimi wamaluwa, ndi malo am'nyumba.Mwa kulimbikitsa kafukufuku, kuzindikira, ndi kuthandizira pakuwongolera, titha kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, pozindikira kuthekera kwawo kwakukulu pakupanga mgwirizano pakati pa zochita za anthu ndi chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-24-2023