Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda taulimi timadziwika kuti ndi limodzi mwa magulu achilengedwe ovuta kuwalamulira padziko lonse lapansi. Pakati pawo, tizilombo tomwe timapezeka kwambiri ndi akangaude ndi ndulu, zomwe zimatha kuwononga kwambiri mbewu monga mitengo ya zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi maluwa. Kuchuluka ndi kugulitsa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo a zaulimi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizilombo tomera zomera ndi yachiwiri kwa Lepidoptera ndi Homoptera pakati pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ma acaricides a zaulimi. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi kwa ma acaricides ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mankhwala opangira. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukana yawonetsedwa, ndipo pakali pano kupanga ma acaricides atsopano ogwira ntchito bwino okhala ndi mapangidwe atsopano komanso njira zapadera zogwirira ntchito.
Nkhaniyi ikudziwitsani mtundu watsopano wa benzoylacetonitrile acaricide - fenflunomide. Mankhwalawa adapangidwa ndi Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. yaku Japan ndipo adayambitsidwa koyamba mu 2017. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa mbewu monga mitengo ya zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi mitengo ya tiyi, makamaka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe tayamba kukana.
Chilengedwe choyambira
Dzina lodziwika bwino la Chingerezi: Cyflumetofen; CAS No.: 400882-07-7; Fomula ya molekyulu: C24H24F3NO4; Kulemera kwa molekyulu: 447.4; Dzina la mankhwala: 2-methoxyethyl-(R,S)-2-(4-tert. Butylphenyl)-2-cyano-3-oxo-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-o-tolyl); fomula yomangira ili monga momwe yasonyezedwera pansipa.
Butflufenafen ndi acaricide yopha m'mimba yopanda mphamvu zonse, ndipo njira yake yayikulu yogwirira ntchito ndikuletsa kupuma kwa mitochondrial kwa nthata. Kudzera mu de-esterification in vivo, kapangidwe ka hydroxyl kamapangidwa, komwe kamasokoneza ndikuletsa mitochondrial protein complex II, kumalepheretsa kusamutsa ma electron (hydrogen), kuwononga phosphorylation reaction, ndikuyambitsa ziwalo zopuwala ndi kufa kwa nthata.
Zizindikiro za ntchito ya cyflumetofen
(1) Kuchita zinthu zambiri komanso mlingo wochepa. Magalamu khumi ndi awiri okha pa mu imodzi ya nthaka ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, opanda mpweya wambiri, otetezeka komanso osawononga chilengedwe;
(2) Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo. Imathandiza polimbana ndi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
(3) Yosankha bwino kwambiri. Imangopha tizilombo toopsa, ndipo siiwononga kwambiri tizilombo tomwe sitikufuna kuukira komanso tizilombo tolusa;
(4) Kukwanira. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbewu za m'munda zakunja komanso zotetezedwa kuti zithetse nthata m'magawo osiyanasiyana okulira a mazira, mphutsi, nymphs ndi akuluakulu, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi ukadaulo wowongolera zachilengedwe;
(5) Zotsatira zachangu komanso zokhalitsa. Pakatha maola 4, nthata zovulaza zidzasiya kudya, ndipo nthata zidzatha mkati mwa maola 12, ndipo zotsatira zake zachangu zimakhala zabwino; ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zachangu, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi kokha kumatha kulamulira nthawi yayitali;
(6) Sikophweka kukhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi mankhwala. Ili ndi njira yapadera yogwirira ntchito, palibe kukana mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe alipo, ndipo sikophweka kuti nthata zisamavutike ndi mankhwalawo;
(7) Imaphikidwa mwachangu ndikuwola m'nthaka ndi m'madzi, zomwe ndi zotetezeka ku mbewu ndi zamoyo zomwe sizili m'gulu la ziweto monga nyama zoyamwitsa ndi zamoyo zam'madzi, zamoyo zothandiza, ndi adani achilengedwe. Ndi chida chabwino chothanirana ndi kukana.
Misika Yapadziko Lonse ndi Kulembetsa
Mu 2007, fenflufen idalembetsedwa koyamba ndikugulitsidwa ku Japan. Tsopano bufenflunom yalembetsedwa ndikugulitsidwa ku Japan, Brazil, United States, China, South Korea, European Union ndi mayiko ena. Malonda ake makamaka ali ku Brazil, United States, Japan, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimapangitsa pafupifupi 70% ya malonda apadziko lonse lapansi; ntchito yayikulu ndikuwongolera nthata pamitengo ya zipatso monga citrus ndi maapulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 80% ya malonda apadziko lonse lapansi agulitsidwe.
EU: Yalembedwa mu EU Annex 1 mu 2010 ndipo idalembetsedwa mwalamulo mu 2013, ndipo idagwira ntchito mpaka pa 31 Meyi 2023.
United States: Inalembetsedwa mwalamulo ndi EPA mu 2014, ndipo inavomerezedwa ndi California mu 2015. Kwa maukonde a mitengo (magulu a mbewu 14-12), mapeyala (magulu a mbewu 11-10), zipatso za citrus (magulu a mbewu 10-10), mphesa, sitiroberi, tomato ndi mbewu zokongoletsa malo.
Canada: Yavomerezedwa kuti ilembetsedwe ndi Health Canada's Pest Management Agency (PMRA) mu 2014.
Brazil: Yavomerezedwa mu 2013. Malinga ndi funso la webusaitiyi, mpaka pano, ndi mlingo umodzi wa 200g/L SC, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa zipatso za citrus polimbana ndi nthata zofiirira zokhala ndi ndevu zazifupi, maapulo olimbana ndi nthata za akangaude a apulo, ndi khofi polimbana ndi nthata zofiirira zokhala ndi ndevu zazifupi, nthata zazing'ono zokhala ndi zikhadabo, ndi zina zotero.
China: Malinga ndi China Pesticide Information Network, pali kulembetsa kawiri kwa fenflufenac ku China. Chimodzi ndi mlingo umodzi wa 200g/L SC, womwe umasungidwa ndi nthata za FMC. China ndi kulembetsa kwaukadaulo komwe kumasungidwa ndi Japan Ouite Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.
Australia: Mu Disembala 2021, bungwe la Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicines Administration (APVMA) linalengeza kuvomereza ndi kulembetsa mankhwala oletsa kusuta a buflufenacil a 200 g/L kuyambira pa Disembala 14, 2021 mpaka Januwale 11, 2022. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi nthata zosiyanasiyana mu pome, amondi, citrus, mphesa, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, sitiroberi ndi zomera zokongoletsera, ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito poteteza sitiroberi, tomato ndi zomera zokongoletsera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-10-2022