1. Brassinosteroids amapezeka kwambiri muzomera
Munthawi ya chisinthiko, mbewu pang'onopang'ono zimapanga maukonde owongolera ma hormoni kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe.Pakati pawo, brassinoids ndi mtundu wa phytosterols womwe uli ndi ntchito yolimbikitsa kukula kwa ma cell.Nthawi zambiri amapezeka muzomera zonse kuyambira pansi mpaka kumtunda, ndipo ma analogi ambiri a brassinoids apezeka.
2. Natural brassinoids ndi "kiyi" yabwino kwambiri yotsegula njira ya endogenous brassinoids.
Ma brassinoids achilengedwe amapezeka m'maluwa ndi mbewu, omwe amawongolera kukula kwa uchembere, kukhwima kwa mbewu, kulimbikitsa kutalika kwa tsinde ndi kapangidwe ka mizu, komanso amathandizira pakukana kupsinjika kwa mbewu [3, 5].Ma brassinoids oyamba omwe mawonekedwe ake adadziwika anali brassinolide BL (Chithunzi 1-1).Komabe, zachilengedwe zake ndizotsika kwambiri ndipo kutulutsa kwa mafakitale sikungachitike.Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zingapo zopangira.Zomera zimazindikira kuzindikira kwa mahomoni ndi kuyankha kudzera mu mfundo ya "lock and key", ndipo ma brassinoids achilengedwe ndi "kiyi" yabwino kwambiri yotsegulira chitseko cha mayankho a brassinoids.Amakhala ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi zolandilira ndipo amagwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa ma brassinolides osiyanasiyana.Exogenous ntchito zachilengedwe brassinoids akhoza mwamsanga anazindikira ndi odzipereka ndi zomera, mogwira kuonjezera osakwanira synthesis amkati brassinoids chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kulola maselo kuyankha mofulumira, ndi ntchito mkulu, popanda kukanidwa, ndi chitetezo mkulu.
14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Chithunzi 2), monga analogi watsopano wa brassinosteroid mu mungu wa rapeseed, akhoza kuchotsedwa ndikuyengedwa m'magulu pogwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira zachilengedwe.Ndilo brassinosteroid yoyamba yachilengedwe kuzindikira kukula kwa mafakitale a zobiriwira..14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid amatchulidwa kuti ndi poizoni pang'ono kapena otsika poyizoni mu gulu lachi China la mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Chiyerekezo cha chilengedwe cha toxicological ndi chochepa kwambiri ndipo chimawonongeka mosavuta, ndipo kuyesa kwachiwopsezo cha chilengedwe ndi chochepa (RQ <1).Ndi zovulaza anthu ndi anthu.Environmental and Biosafety, ndiye chinthu chokhacho chochokera ku mbewu mdziko muno chomwe chapeza chiphaso chadziko lonse cha "green food production certification" ndi chiphaso cha United States organic input certification.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito kumatsimikizira kuti ma brassinoids achilengedwe amatha kulimbikitsa zokolola zambiri ndikuwonjezera ndalama
(1) Limbikitsani kusiyana kwa maluwa ndi kusunga maluwa ndi zipatso
Zokolola ndi khalidwe la mitengo ya zipatso zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha ziwalo zamaluwa.Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ma brassinoid achilengedwe pagawo la kusiyanitsa kwa maluwa ndi siteji ya zipatso zazing'ono, kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma brassinoids achilengedwe panthawi ya pollination yochita kupanga kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa maluwa a mitengo yazipatso ndikuchepetsa maluwa opunduka.Ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa mungu, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso, ndi kuchepetsa kugwa kwa maluwa ndi zipatso, ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobzala ndi kupanga mitengo yambiri ya zipatso monga kiwi, citrus, maapulo, ndi jujube.
Kiwi ndi mtundu wa mpesa wa dioecious.Pochita kupanga, pollination yochita kupanga iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchuluke komanso kuchuluka kwa zipatso.Pamene kuposa 2/3 ya mtengo wonse waphuka, ntchito zachilengedwe brassinoids ufa wothira mungu pa chiŵerengero cha 1/50 ya yokumba pollination kapena zachilengedwe brassinoids amadzimadzi njira kuchepetsedwa 2500 nthawi kutsitsi pollination, amene akhoza kwambiri kuonjezera zoikamo zipatso. mlingo wa kiwifruit ndi kulimbikitsa The zili vitamini C ndi kufufuza zinthu mu chipatso kwambiri bwino yosungirako ndi mayendedwe katundu ndi zakudya mtengo wa kiwi zipatso.(Chithunzi 3-4) [6].Pachipatso chaching'ono cha kiwifruit, wothandizila wachilengedwe wa brassinoids, gibberellin, ndi auxin amatha kupoperanso, zomwe zitha kulimbikitsa kukula mwachangu komanso kukula kwa zipatso zazing'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe ocheperako komanso kuwonjezeka kwa 20% -30%. mu kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi.
Kutsika kwachilengedwe kwa zipatso za citrus ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zipatso nthawi zambiri kumakhala 2% -3%.Pofuna kukonza bwino maluwa ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso, dontho lachilengedwe la zipatso limagwiritsidwa ntchito musanatuluke maluwa, 2/3 ya maluwawo yafota, ndipo masiku 5 mpaka 7 zipatso zachiwiri zisanagwe.Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa brassinoids + gibberellic acid kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zipatso za citrus ndi 20% (Guangxi Shuga Orange).Zipatso zazing'ono ndi tsinde la zipatso zimasanduka zobiriwira masiku atatu pasadakhale, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zipatso zopunduka kumakhala kochepa.
(2) Sinthani mtundu, onjezerani shuga, ndi kusintha zipatso
Kukoma kwa ubwana wa zipatso kumayimira kuchuluka kwa shuga-acid mu nthawi yokhwima komanso kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ndi kufufuza zinthu.Kumayambiriro kwa kusintha kwa mtundu wa zipatso, kugwiritsa ntchito kosalekeza kwa ma brassinoids + feteleza wa potaziyamu wothiridwa nthawi 2-3 mumtengo wonsewo kumatha kufulumizitsa kuyamwa ndi kusintha kwa michere, kumapangitsa photosynthesis, kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso kulimbikitsa ma organic acid monga citric acid. ndi malic acid.The quasi-degradation imasandulika mavitamini, flavonoids ndi zakudya zina, kuonjezera chiŵerengero cha shuga-acid ndi kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zokometsera.Zimakhalanso ndi zotsatira zolimbikitsa peel wosakhwima ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a zipatso.
(3) Kuviika ndi kuvala mbeu za mbeu za m’munda kuti zikhale zolimba ndi kulimbikitsa ulimi ndi ndalama zambiri.
Ubwino ndi zokolola za mbewu za chakudya zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe.Natural brassinoids imakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pokana kupsinjika monga kutentha kwambiri, chilala, kuwonongeka kwa kuzizira, ndi mchere pa nthawi yonse yakukula kwa mbewu.Choyamba, kuvala, kuphimba ndi mankhwala ena musanafese kungathandize kuti mbeu zimere bwino komanso kulimbikitsa mbande (Chithunzi 9).Kachiwiri, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ma brassinoids achilengedwe ka 1-2 panthawi yofunika yakukula kwa mbewu monga kusweka, maluwa, ndi kudzaza mbewu kumatha kukana zovuta zosiyanasiyana ndikuwonjezera zokolola.Ma brassinoids achilengedwe alimbikitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuti aziwongolera kukula kwa tirigu ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola, kuphatikiza malo oyesa 11 m'malo akuluakulu opanga tirigu monga Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, ndi Jiangsu, omwe amachulukitsa zokolola za 13.28%, zomwe zimachulukitsa zokolola za 13.28%. Kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola za Shanxi kudafika 22.36%.
(4) Kupititsa patsogolo kuyamwa kwa michere ndikulimbikitsa ulimi wa masamba
Gwiritsani ntchito 0.0075% yachilengedwe ya brassinosteroid yamadzimadzi yosungunuka nthawi 2500 ndikupopera masamba kumtunda kwa masamba 1-2 kuti mupititse patsogolo kuyamwa kwa mbewu ndikugwiritsa ntchito michere, kukulitsa photosynthesis, ndikulimbikitsa kupanga masamba.Zotsatira za mayeso a m'nyumba zinawonetsa kuti patatha masiku 6 mutatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, tsamba la pakchoi mu gulu lamankhwala la brassinosteroid linakula ndi 20% poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera madzi bwino.
(5) Kuchita bwino popewa kuzizira ndi kuzizira
"Kuzizira kwakumapeto kwa kasupe" ndizovuta kwambiri za masika, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji zokolola.Utsi 8-15ml wa brassinoids zachilengedwe + potassium dihydrogen phosphate/amino acid foliar zakudya zatsopano 2-4 masiku asanafike, masiku 3 pambuyo pake, ndi masiku 10-15 chiwonongeko chozizira kapena kuwonongeka kwachisanu kuti chiwonjezeke kukana kwa mbewu ku chiwonongeko chozizira kapena kuwonongeka kwachisanu. .Mbewu zozizira zimayambiranso kukula.Kuzizira kwakumapeto kwa masika kumawononga 60% ya makapu a chitumbuwa.Natural brassinoids + high potaziyamu foliar fetereza mankhwala amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa 40% ndikuonetsetsa kuti mungu wamba.
M'nyengo yozizira, dongosolo la photosynthetic la mbewu limawonongeka ndipo photosynthesis singathe kumalizidwa bwino, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu.Kukatsala masiku 2-3 mbande za phwetekere zisanavutike ndi kuzizira, thirirani mbewu yonseyo ndi 2000-fold dilution ya natural brassinosterol + amino acid foliar nutrition kuti muyambitse ntchito za peroxidase (POD) ndi catalase (CAT).Chotsani kupsyinjika kwakukulu kwa okosijeni opanda ma radicals mu tomato kuteteza photosynthetic system ya mbande za phwetekere pansi pa kuzizira kozizira ndikulimbikitsa kuchira msanga pambuyo pa kupsinjika maganizo.
(6) Kupalira kophatikizana, kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso kotetezeka
Natural brassinoids imatha kusonkhanitsa mwachangu mulingo wa metabolic wa zomera.Kumbali imodzi, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ophera udzu, imatha kulimbikitsa kuyamwa ndi kunyamula mankhwala ndi udzu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya herbicide;Komano, pamene mankhwala osiyanasiyana ophera tizilombo akuwoneka kuti ndi ovulaza, brassicas yachilengedwe iyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito panthawi yake Hormoni imatha kuyambitsa njira yochotsera mbewu, kufulumizitsa kagayidwe kake ka detoxification wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'thupi, ndikulimbikitsa kubwezeretsa mbewu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-19-2024