1. Ma Brassinosteroids amapezeka kwambiri m'minda
Pa nthawi ya kusintha kwa zinthu, zomera pang'onopang'ono zimapanga maukonde olamulira mahomoni achilengedwe kuti ayankhe ku zovuta zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. Pakati pawo, ma brassinoid ndi mtundu wa ma phytosterols omwe amagwira ntchito yolimbikitsa kutalikitsa maselo. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'minda yonse kuyambira zomera zotsika mpaka zapamwamba, ndipo ma brassinoid ambiri ofanana nawo apezeka.
2. Ma brassinoid achilengedwe ndi "kiyi" yabwino kwambiri yotsegulira njira ya ma brassinoid achilengedwe.
Ma brassinoid achilengedwe amapezeka makamaka m'maluwa ndi mbewu, zomwe zimawongolera kukula kwa kubereka, kukhwima kwa mbewu, kulimbikitsa kutalika kwa tsinde ndi mawonekedwe a mizu, komanso zimathandiza kwambiri pakukana kwa zomera kupsinjika [3, 5]. Ma brassinoid oyamba omwe kapangidwe kake kanadziwika anali brassinolide BL (Chithunzi 1-1). Komabe, kuchuluka kwake kwachilengedwe ndi kochepa kwambiri ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa mafakitale sikungatheke. Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zina zopangira. Zomera zimazindikira kuzindikira kwa mahomoni ndi kuyankha kudzera mu mfundo ya "lock and key", ndipo ma brassinoid achilengedwe ndi "kiyi" yabwino kwambiri yotsegulira chitseko cha kuyankha kwa ma brassinoid. Ali ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi ma receptor ndipo ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa ma brassinolides osiyanasiyana opangira. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma brassinoid achilengedwe kunja kumatha kumvedwa mwachangu ndikulowetsedwa ndi zomera, zomwe zimathandizanso kuti ma brassinoid achilengedwe asapangidwe mokwanira chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimathandiza maselo kuyankha mwachangu, ndi ntchito yayikulu, osakanidwa, komanso chitetezo chapamwamba.
14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Chithunzi 2), monga analogi yatsopano ya brassinosteroid mu mungu wa rapeseed, imatha kuchotsedwa ndikukonzedwa m'magulu pogwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira zachilengedwe. Ndi brassinosteroid yoyamba yachilengedwe yomwe yapanga mafakitale otulutsa zobiriwira. . 14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid imagawidwa ngati poizoni pang'ono kapena poizoni wotsika mu gulu la mankhwala ophera tizilombo aku China. Chiwerengero cha poizoni wa chilengedwe ndi chotsika poizoni ndipo chimawonongeka mosavuta, ndipo kuwunika kwa chiopsezo cha thanzi la chilengedwe ndi kotsika (RQ<1). Ndi koopsa kwa anthu ndi anthu. Ndi koopsa kwa chilengedwe komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe, ndi chinthu chokhacho chowonjezera cha zomera mdziko muno chomwe chapeza "chitsimikizo cha zinthu zopangira chakudya chobiriwira" komanso chitsimikiziro cha United States organic input.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumatsimikizira kuti ma brassinoid achilengedwe amatha kukulitsa zokolola zambiri ndikuwonjezera ndalama
(1) Limbikitsani kusiyanitsa maluwa ndi zipatso
Kukolola ndi ubwino wa mitengo ya zipatso zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kukula kwa ziwalo za maluwa. Kupopera mankhwala achilengedwe a brassinoids panthawi yosiyana kwa maluwa ndi nthawi ya zipatso zazing'ono, kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa brassinoids zachilengedwe panthawi yopangira mungu kungapangitse kuti maluwa a mitengo ya zipatso azichulukane komanso kuchepetsa maluwa ofooka. Kungathandize kuti mungu ugwire bwino ntchito, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso zomwe zimamera, komanso kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa maluwa ndi zipatso, ndipo kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobzala ndi kupanga mitengo yambiri ya zipatso monga kiwi, citrus, apulo, ndi jujube.
Kiwifruit ndi mpesa wamba wa dioecious. Pakupanga, kupopera mbewu mopanda mankhwala kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti kuwonjezere kupopera mbewu ndi kuchuluka kwa zipatso. Mtengo wonse ukaphuka kuposa 2/3, gwiritsani ntchito ufa wachilengedwe wa brassinoids wosakaniza ndi mungu pa chiŵerengero cha 1/50 cha kupopera mbewu mopanda mankhwala kapena madzi achilengedwe a brassinoids omwe amachepetsedwa ka 2500 kuti kupopera mbewu mopanda mankhwala, zomwe zingawonjezere kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zipatso za kiwifruit ndikulimbikitsa. Kuchuluka kwa vitamini C ndi zinthu zina mu chipatsochi kumathandizira kwambiri kusungira ndi kunyamula zipatso komanso kufunika kwa zakudya mu zipatso za kiwi. (Chithunzi 3-4)[6]. Pa nthawi ya zipatso zazing'ono za kiwifruit, mankhwala achilengedwe a brassinoids, gibberellin, ndi auxin amatha kupoperanso, zomwe zingathandize kwambiri kukula ndi kukula kwa zipatso zazing'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipatso zazing'ono zikhale zoonda komanso kuwonjezeka kwa 20%-30% kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi.
Kutsika kwa zipatso zachilengedwe za citrus mwachilengedwe n'koopsa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zipatso zomwe zimamera nthawi zambiri kumakhala 2%-3%. Pofuna kukweza maluwa ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso zomwe zimamera, kutsika kwa zipatso zachilengedwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito maluwa asanayambe, 2/3 ya maluwawo yatha, ndipo masiku 5 mpaka 7 zipatso zisanayambe kugwa kwachiwiri. Kupopera brassinoids + gibberellic acid kumatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso zomwe zimamera ndi 20% (Guangxi Sugar Orange). Zipatso zazing'ono ndi tsinde la zipatso zimakhala zobiriwira masiku atatu zisanachitike, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zipatso zopindika kumakhala kochepa.
(2) Sinthani mtundu, onjezerani shuga, ndikuwonjezera ubwino wa zipatso
Kukoma kwa zipatso paubwana kumayimira kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi asidi m'gawo lokhwima komanso kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ndi zinthu zina. Poyamba kusintha mtundu wa zipatso, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse ma brassinoid achilengedwe + feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu wambiri wothira kawiri kapena katatu mumtengo wonse kumatha kufulumizitsa kuyamwa ndi kusintha kwa michere, kukulitsa photosynthesis, kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso kulimbikitsa ma organic acid monga citric acid ndi malic acid. Kuwonongeka kwa quasi-concentration kumasinthidwa kukhala mavitamini, ma flavonoid ndi michere ina, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi asidi komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokometsera. Kumathandizanso kulimbikitsa khungu lofewa komanso kukonza mawonekedwe a chipatso.
(3) Kunyowetsa ndi kuyika mbewu za m'munda kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu ya kukana komanso kukulitsa kupanga ndi kupeza ndalama.
Ubwino ndi zokolola za mbewu za chakudya zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe zinthu zilili m'chilengedwe. Ma brassinoids achilengedwe amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu polimbana ndi kupsinjika monga kutentha kwambiri, chilala, kuwonongeka kwa kuzizira, ndi mchere nthawi yonse yomwe mbewu za chakudya zimakula. Choyamba, kuphimba mbewu, kuphimba ndi njira zina zothandizira musanabzale kungathandize kuti mbewu zimere mofanana ndikulimbitsa mbande (Chithunzi 9). Kachiwiri, kupopera ma brassinoids achilengedwe kamodzi kapena kawiri panthawi yofunika kwambiri yopangira mbewu monga kusweka, kutulutsa maluwa, ndi kudzaza tirigu kumatha kupirira zovuta zosiyanasiyana ndikuwonjezera zokolola za chakudya. Ma brassinoids achilengedwe alimbikitsidwa mdziko lonse kuti azitha kuwongolera kukula kwa tirigu ndikuwonjezera zokolola, kuphatikiza malo 11 oyesera m'malo akuluakulu opanga tirigu monga Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, ndi Jiangsu, ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola zapakati pa 13.28%, zomwe kuchuluka kwa zokolola za Shanxi kunafika pa 22.36%.
(4) Kulimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa michere ndikuthandizira kupanga ndiwo zamasamba
Gwiritsani ntchito madzi a 0.0075% achilengedwe a brassinosteroid omwe amachepetsedwa ka 2500 ndikupopera masamba apamwamba a ndiwo zamasamba ka 1-2 kuti muwonjezere kuyamwa bwino kwa mbewu ndikugwiritsa ntchito michere, kuwonjezera photosynthesis, ndikulimbikitsa kupanga masamba. Zotsatira za mayeso amkati zikuwonetsa kuti patatha masiku 6 kuchokera pamene masamba atengedwa, tsamba la pakchoi m'gulu la mankhwala achilengedwe a brassinosteroid linawonjezeka ndi 20% poyerekeza ndi madzi oyera.
(5) Yothandiza popewa kuzizira ndi kuzizira
"Kuzizira kwa masika kumapeto" ndi vuto lofala kwambiri la masika, lomwe limakhudza mwachindunji zokolola za mbewu. Thirani 8-15ml ya brassinoids zachilengedwe + potassium dihydrogen phosphate/amino acid foliar nutrition masiku 2-4 isanafike, masiku atatu pambuyo pake, ndi masiku 10-15 pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwa kuzizira kapena kuzizira kuti muwonjezere kukana kwa mbewu ku kuwonongeka kwa kuzizira kapena kuzizira. Mbewu zozizira zimayambiranso kukula mwachangu. Kuzizira kwa masika kumapeto kumawononga zoposa 60% ya ma cherry calyces. Ma brassinoid achilengedwe + feteleza wambiri wa potaziyamu foliar amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka ndi 40% ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mungu umayenda bwino.
Mu nthawi yozizira kwambiri, njira yopangira photosynthesis ya mbewu imawonongeka ndipo photosynthesis singathe kumalizidwa bwino, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu. Masiku awiri kapena atatu mbande za phwetekere zisanayambe kuvutika ndi kuzizira, thirani chomera chonsecho ndi 2000-fold dilution yachilengedwe ya brassinosterol + amino acid foliar nutrition kuti muyambitse ntchito za peroxidase (POD) ndi catalase (CAT). Chotsani ma radicals owonjezera a oxygen free radicals mu phwetekere kuti muteteze njira yopangira photosynthesis ya mbande za phwetekere zomwe zili mu kuzizira kwambiri ndikulimbikitsa kuchira msanga pambuyo pa kuzizira.
(6) Kuchotsa udzu wambiri, kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kotetezeka
Ma brassinoid achilengedwe amatha kufulumizitsa kagayidwe kachakudya ka zomera mwachangu. Kumbali imodzi, akagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ophera udzu, amatha kufulumizitsa kuyamwa ndi kunyamula mankhwala ndi udzu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera udzu; kumbali ina, pamene mankhwala osiyanasiyana ophera udzu akuwoneka kuti ndi owopsa, ma brassica achilengedwe ayenera kubwezeretsedwanso munthawi yake. Homoni imatha kuyambitsa njira yochotsera udzu m'mbewu, kufulumizitsa kagayidwe kachakudya ka mankhwala ophera udzu m'thupi, ndikufulumizitsa kuchira kwa mbewu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-19-2024