Alimi ambiri adakumana ndi poizoni wa zomera akamagwiritsa ntchito mancozeb chifukwa chosasankha bwino mankhwalawo kapena nthawi yolakwika yogwiritsira ntchito, mlingo, komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Zinthu zochepazi zimapangitsa kuti masamba awonongeke, photosynthesis ikhale yofooka, komanso kuti mbewu zisakule bwino. Pazochitika zoopsa, madontho a mankhwala (madontho a bulauni, madontho achikasu, madontho a ukonde, ndi zina zotero) amapangika pamwamba pa zipatso ndi pamwamba pa masamba, ndipo amachititsanso kuti zipatso zikhale zazikulu kwambiri, pamwamba pa zipatso zouma, komanso dzimbiri la zipatso, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mtengo wa zipatso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti alimi azitaya ndalama zambiri. Mwachidule, zapezeka kuti zifukwa zazikulu za poizoni wa zomera ndi izi:
1. Zogulitsa za mancozeb zosavomerezeka zimapangitsa kuti pakhale poizoni wambiri.
Mancozeb yoyenera iyenera kukhala ndi manganese-zinc complex yaasidi wa mancozebzopangidwa ndi njira yotenthetsera. Pali mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi opanga zinthu zabodza pamsika omwe zinthu zawo sizingatchedwe mancozeb kwenikweni. Chifukwa cha zofooka za zida zopangira ndi ukadaulo, gawo laling'ono lokha la zinthu za mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono awa limatha kusakanikirana kukhala mancozeb, ndipo ambiri ndi osakaniza a mancozeb ndi mchere wa zinc. Zinthuzi zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, zimakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, ndipo zimatha kuwonongeka zikakumana ndi chinyezi ndi kutentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi kungayambitse poizoni wa phytotoxicity. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mancozeb yotsika kwambiri panthawi ya zipatso zazing'ono za maapulo kumatha kusokoneza kuyika kwa sera pamwamba pa chipatso, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa khungu la chipatso ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale mawanga ozungulira a phytotoxicity, omwe amakula pamene chipatsocho chikukula.
2. Kusakaniza mankhwala ophera tizilombo mopanda kuona kumakhudza chitetezo cha kugwiritsa ntchito mancozeb.
Posakaniza mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zinthu zingapo monga zosakaniza zogwira ntchito, mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo, zotsatira zowongolera, ndi tizilombo tomwe tikufuna kupewedwa ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Kusakaniza kopanda maso sikungochepetsa mphamvu komanso kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha poizoni wa phytotoxicity. Mwachitsanzo, chizolowezi chofala chosakaniza mancozeb ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo a alkaline kapena mankhwala achitsulo cholemera okhala ndi mkuwa chingachepetse mphamvu ya mancozeb. Kusakaniza mancozeb ndi zinthu za phosphate kungayambitse kupanga ma flocculent precipitates ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa hydrogen sulfide.
3. Kusankha nthawi yopopera molakwika komanso kusintha kosafunikira kuchuluka kwa kupopera kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha poizoni wa zomera.
Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, alimi ambiri amakonda kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza ndi kuchuluka komwe kwatchulidwa mu malangizo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwakukulu kuposa komwe kukulimbikitsidwa kuti awonjezere mphamvu. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha poizoni wa zomera. Nthawi yomweyo, alimi amasakaniza mankhwala ophera tizilombo osiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane, amangoyang'ana mayina osiyanasiyana amalonda koma osanyalanyaza zosakaniza zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake. Panthawi yosakaniza, mlingo wa chinthu chomwecho chogwira ntchito umawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumawonjezeka mwanjira ina, kupitirira kuchuluka kotetezeka ndikuyambitsa poizoni wa zomera. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pansi pa kutentha kwambiri kumawonjezera ntchito ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo okhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha poizoni wa zomera.
4. Ubwino wa mankhwalawa umakhudza chitetezo cha mancozeb.
Kusalala, kuchuluka kwa kuyimitsidwa, mphamvu yonyowetsa, ndi kumamatira kwa tinthu ta mancozeb zimakhudza mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha mankhwalawo. Mabizinesi ena amagulitsa zinthu za mancozeb ali ndi zofooka pazizindikiro zaukadaulo monga kusalala, kuchuluka kwa kuyimitsidwa, ndi mphamvu yonyowetsa chifukwa cha zoletsa za njira zopangira. Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, vuto la kuyika ndi kutsekereza mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'mphuno ndi lofala. Kutsekereza kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo panthawi yopopera kumayambitsa kusagwirizana kwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala panthawi yopopera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusakhala kokwanira kwa mphamvu pamlingo wochepa komanso poizoni wa zomera pamlingo wokwera. Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuphatikiza ndi madzi ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popopera, kumapangitsa kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo asafalikire bwino pamwamba pa tsamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo azisonkhana pamwamba pa masamba ndi pamwamba pa zipatso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'deralo komanso malo omwe ali ndi poizoni wa zomera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-22-2025