Alimi ambiri adakumana ndi vuto la phytotoxicity akamagwiritsa ntchito mancozeb chifukwa chosasankha bwino kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake molakwika, mulingo wake, komanso pafupipafupi. Kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa masamba, kufowokeka kwa photosynthesis, komanso kukula kwa mbewu. Zikavuta kwambiri, mawanga a mankhwala (bulauni mawanga, chikasu mawanga, ukonde mawanga, etc.) kupanga pa zipatso pamwamba ndi tsamba pamwamba, ndipo ngakhale oversized zipatso madontho, akhakula zipatso pamwamba, ndi zipatso dzimbiri, kwambiri zimakhudza malonda mtengo wa zipatso, kuwononga kwambiri alimi. Mwachidule, zimapezeka kuti zifukwa zazikulu za phytotoxicity ndi izi:
1. Mankhwala osayenerera a mancozeb amachititsa kuti pakhale phytotoxicity yambiri.
Mancozeb oyenerera ayenera kukhala manganese-zinc complex ofasidi mancozebopangidwa ndi matenthedwe ovuta. Pali mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi onyenga pamsika omwe zinthu zawo sizimatchedwa mancozeb kwenikweni. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zida zopangira ndi ukadaulo, gawo laling'ono chabe lazinthu zamabizinesi ang'onoang'onowa ndi omwe amatha kusinthidwa kukhala mancozeb, ndipo ambiri ndi osakaniza a mancozeb ndi mchere wa zinki. Zogulitsazi zimakhala ndi mtundu wosawoneka bwino, zonyansa kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kuwonongeka zikakumana ndi chinyezi komanso kutentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumatha kuyambitsa phytotoxicity. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mancozeb otsika pa nthawi ya zipatso zazing'ono za maapulo kumatha kusokoneza kuyika kwa sera pamwamba pa zipatso, kuwononga peel ya zipatso ndikupangitsa mawanga ozungulira a phytotoxicity, omwe amakula pamene chipatso chikukula.
2. Kusakaniza kosaona kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumakhudza chitetezo cha mancozeb.
Posakaniza mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zinthu zingapo monga zosakaniza zomwe zimagwira ntchito, thupi ndi mankhwala, zotsatira zowononga, ndi tizirombo towononga ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Kusakaniza kwakhungu sikungochepetsa mphamvu komanso kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha phytotoxicity. Mwachitsanzo, kachitidwe kofala ka kusakaniza mancozeb ndi mankhwala a alkaline kapena mankhwala a heavy metal okhala ndi mkuwa kungachepetse mphamvu ya mancozeb. Kusakaniza mancozeb ndi zinthu za phosphate kungayambitse kupangika kwa flocculent precipitates ndikutulutsa mpweya wa hydrogen sulfide.
3. Kusankhidwa kolakwika kwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi ndi kusintha kosasinthika kwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha phytotoxicity.
Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, alimi ambiri amakonda kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa dilution kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa m'mawu kapenanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuposa momwe amalangizidwa kuti awonjezere mphamvu. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha phytotoxicity. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, alimi amasakaniza mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo kuti agwirizane, amangoyang'anitsitsa mayina osiyanasiyana amalonda koma kunyalanyaza zosakaniza zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake. Pakusakaniza ndondomeko, mlingo wa zomwezo yogwira pophika amaunjikira, ndipo ndende ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumawonjezeka mosapita m'mbali, kuposa ndende otetezeka ndi kuchititsa phytotoxicity. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pansi pa kutentha kwambiri kumawonjezera ntchito ya mankhwala. Kupopera mankhwala owopsa kwambiri kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha phytotoxicity.
4. Ubwino wa mankhwalawa umakhudza chitetezo cha mancozeb.
Ubwino, kuyimitsidwa, kunyowetsa katundu, ndi kumamatira kwa tinthu ta mancozeb zimakhudza mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha chinthucho. Zogulitsa za mancozeb zamabizinesi ena zili ndi zolakwika pazidziwitso zaukadaulo monga kuwongolera, kuchuluka kwa kuyimitsidwa, ndi kunyowetsa katundu chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa njira zopangira. Pa ntchito yeniyeni, chodabwitsa cha mankhwala layering ndi sedimentation kutsekereza nozzle ndi wamba. The sedimentation wa mankhwala pa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumayambitsa kusagwirizana ndende pa ndondomeko kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, chifukwa chosakwanira efficacy pa otsika ndende ndi phytotoxicity pa mkulu woipa. Kusakanizidwa bwino kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuphatikizapo madzi ochuluka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popopera mankhwala, kumapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo asafalikire bwino pamasamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mankhwala ophera tizilombo pamasamba ndi zipatso pamwamba pake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale madera ambiri komanso mawanga a phytotoxicity.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-22-2025