Salicylic acid imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana paulimi, kuphatikizapo kukhala wolamulira kukula kwa zomera, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Asidi wa Salicylic, mongawoyang'anira kukula kwa zomera,imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera ndikuwonjezera zokolola. Ikhoza kukulitsa kapangidwe ka mahomoni mkati mwa zomera, kufulumizitsa kukula kwawo ndi kusiyanasiyana, komanso kuthandiza zomera kuzolowera kusintha kwa chilengedwe. Salicylic acid imathanso kuletsa kutalika kwa nsonga za zomera, kupangitsa zomera kukhala zolimba ndikuchepetsa kupezeka kwa matenda ndi tizilombo. Kupatula kukhala wolamulira kukula kwa zomera, salicylic acid ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mu gawo la ulimi, zitsanzo zodziwika bwino ndi monga acetylsalicylic acid ndi sodium salicylate. Mankhwalawa amatha kupha bwino tizilombo ndi matenda omwe amafalikira pa zomera, kuteteza kukula kwa mbewu. Mu gawo la zamankhwala, salicylic acid ndi mankhwala ofala oletsa matenda. Mu gawo la ulimi, salicylic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa matenda opatsirana mwa nyama. Nthawi yomweyo, salicylic acid imatha kuwonjezera kukana matenda ndi nthawi yosungira zinthu zaulimi.
Salicylic Acid (yofupikitsidwa ngati SA) si mankhwala ophera tizilombo achikhalidwe (monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, fungicide, kapena herbicide) muulimi. Komabe, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa njira yodzitetezera ku zomera komanso kuwongolera kupsinjika. M'zaka zaposachedwa, salicylic acid yaphunziridwa kwambiri ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito muulimi ngati choyambitsa chitetezo cha zomera kapena cholimbikitsa zamoyo, ndipo ili ndi ntchito zazikulu izi:
1. Kuyambitsa kukana kwa zomera (SAR)
Salicylic acid ndi molekyulu yodziwika bwino m'zomera, yomwe imasonkhana mwachangu pambuyo pa matenda opatsirana.
Imatha kuyambitsa kukana kwa systemic acquired resistance (SAR), zomwe zimapangitsa chomera chonse kukhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana (makamaka bowa, mabakiteriya, ndi mavairasi).
2. Kuonjezera kupirira kwa zomera ku zovuta zomwe sizili zamoyo
Salicylic acid imatha kukulitsa kupirira kwa zomera ku zovuta zina monga chilala, mchere, kutentha kochepa, kutentha kwambiri, komanso kuipitsidwa kwa zitsulo zolemera.
Njira zake ndi izi: kuwongolera ntchito ya ma enzyme oletsa antioxidant (monga SOD, POD, CAT), kusunga kukhazikika kwa ma membrane a maselo, ndikulimbikitsa kusonkhanitsa kwa zinthu zowongolera za osmotic (monga proline, shuga wosungunuka), ndi zina zotero.
3. Kulamulira kukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera
Kuchuluka kochepa kwa salicylic acid kungathandize kumera kwa mbewu, kukula kwa mizu ndi photosynthesis.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mahomoni kungalepheretse kukula, zomwe zimasonyeza "mphamvu ya biphasic ya mahomoni" (mphamvu ya hormesis).
4. Monga gawo la njira yowongolera zachilengedwe
Ngakhale kuti salicylic acid yokha ilibe mphamvu yopha mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda mwachindunji, imatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo mwa kuyambitsa chitetezo cha zomera.
Kawirikawiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zinthu zina zamoyo (monga chitosan, jasmonic acid) kuti iwonjezere mphamvu.
Mafomu enieni ofunsira
Kupopera masamba: Kuchuluka kwa masamba ndi 0.1–1.0 mM (pafupifupi 14–140 mg/L), komwe kungasinthidwe malinga ndi mtundu wa mbewu ndi cholinga chake.
Kuchiza mbewu: Kunyowetsa mbewu kuti zizitha kupirira matenda komanso kuti zimere msanga.
Kusakaniza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo: Kuonjezera mphamvu ya mbewu ku matenda komanso kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Zolemba Zofunika Kusamala
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu kungayambitse poizoni wa zomera (monga kuwotcha masamba ndi kuletsa kukula).
Zotsatira zake zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi momwe zinthu zilili (kutentha, chinyezi), mitundu ya mbewu ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
Pakadali pano, salicylic acid sinalembetsedwe mwalamulo ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku China ndi mayiko ena ambiri. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chowongolera kukula kwa zomera kapena cholimbikitsa chilengedwe.
Chidule
Phindu lalikulu la salicylic acid mu ulimi lili mu "kuteteza zomera kudzera m'zomera" - mwa kuyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi cha zomera kuti zisadwale matenda ndi mikhalidwe yoipa. Ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito chomwe chimagwirizana ndi malingaliro a ulimi wobiriwira ndi chitukuko chokhazikika. Ngakhale si mankhwala ophera tizilombo achikhalidwe, ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu mu kasamalidwe ka tizilombo tosakanikirana (IPM).
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-13-2025