I. Chidule cha malonda a zaulimi pakati pa China ndi mayiko a LAC kuyambira pomwe adalowa mu WTO
Kuyambira mu 2001 mpaka 2023, kuchuluka kwa malonda a zinthu zaulimi pakati pa mayiko a China ndi LAC kunawonetsa kukula kosalekeza, kuchoka pa madola 2.58 biliyoni aku US kufika pa madola 81.03 biliyoni aku US, ndi kukula kwapakati pachaka kwa 17.0%. Pakati pa izi, mtengo wa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja unakwera kuchoka pa madola 2.40 biliyoni aku US kufika pa madola 77.63 biliyoni aku US, kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi 31; Kutumiza kunja kunakwera ka 19 kuchoka pa $170 miliyoni kufika pa $3.40 biliyoni. Dziko lathu lili pamalo osowa malonda a zinthu zaulimi ndi mayiko aku Latin America, ndipo kuchepaku kukupitirirabe. Msika waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zaulimi mdziko lathu wapereka mwayi waukulu wopititsa patsogolo ulimi ku Latin America. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zinthu zambiri zaulimi zabwino kwambiri zochokera ku Latin America, monga chitumbuwa cha Chile ndi nkhanu zoyera za ku Ecuador, zalowa mumsika wathu.
Ponseponse, gawo la mayiko aku Latin America mu malonda a ulimi ku China lakula pang'onopang'ono, koma kugawa kwa zinthu zochokera kunja ndi zotumiza kunja sikuli bwino. Kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2023, gawo la malonda a ulimi ku China ndi Latin America mu malonda onse a ulimi ku China linawonjezeka kuchoka pa 9.3% kufika pa 24.3%. Pakati pawo, zinthu zochokera ku China kuchokera ku mayiko aku Latin America zinakhala gawo la zinthu zonse zochokera kunja kuyambira 20.3% kufika pa 33.2%, ndipo zinthu zochokera ku China kupita ku mayiko aku Latin America zinakhala gawo la zinthu zonse zochokera kunja kuyambira 1.1% kufika pa 3.4%.
2. Makhalidwe a malonda a zaulimi pakati pa China ndi mayiko a LAC
(1) Ogwirizana nawo pamalonda okhazikika
Mu 2001, Argentina, Brazil ndi Peru zinali malo atatu apamwamba kwambiri ogulira zinthu zaulimi kuchokera ku Latin America, ndi mtengo wonse wogulira zinthu zaulimi wochokera ku Latin America wokwana madola 2.13 biliyoni, zomwe zinali 88.8% ya zonse zomwe malonda a ulimi ochokera ku Latin America adagula chaka chimenecho. Chifukwa cha mgwirizano wamalonda a zaulimi ndi mayiko aku Latin America, m'zaka zaposachedwa, Chile yadutsa Peru kukhala malo achitatu akuluakulu ogulira zinthu zaulimi ku Latin America, ndipo Brazil yadutsa Argentina kukhala malo oyamba akuluakulu ogulira zinthu zaulimi. Mu 2023, malonda a ulimi ochokera ku Brazil, Argentina ndi Chile anali madola 58.93 biliyoni aku US, zomwe zinali 88.8% ya zonse zomwe malonda a ulimi ochokera ku mayiko aku Latin America adagula m'chaka chimenecho. Pakati pawo, China idagula zinthu zaulimi zokwana madola 58.58 biliyoni kuchokera ku Brazil, zomwe zinali 75.1% ya zonse zomwe malonda a ulimi ochokera ku mayiko aku Latin America adagula, zomwe zinali 25.0% ya zonse zomwe malonda a zaulimi ochokera ku China adagula. Dziko la Brazil silili dziko lalikulu kwambiri lotumiza zinthu zaulimi ku Latin America kokha, komanso ndi dziko lalikulu kwambiri lotumiza zinthu zaulimi padziko lonse lapansi.
Mu 2001, Cuba, Mexico ndi Brazil zinali misika itatu yapamwamba kwambiri yotumiza kunja ulimi ku China kupita kumayiko a LAC, yokhala ndi mtengo wonse wotumizira kunja wa madola 110 miliyoni aku US, zomwe zinali 64.4% ya zonse zomwe China idatumiza kunja ulimi kumayiko a LAC chaka chimenecho. Mu 2023, Mexico, Chile ndi Brazil ndi misika itatu yapamwamba kwambiri yotumiza kunja ulimi ku China kupita kumayiko aku Latin America, yokhala ndi mtengo wonse wotumizira kunja wa madola 2.15 biliyoni aku US, zomwe zinali 63.2% ya zonse zomwe ulimi udatumiza kunja chaka chimenecho.
(3) Kutumiza kunja kwa dziko kumayang'aniridwa ndi mbewu zamafuta ndi zinthu za ziweto, ndipo kuitanitsa tirigu kwawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.
China ndi dziko lomwe limapereka zinthu zaulimi zambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo likufuna kwambiri zinthu zaulimi monga soya, ng'ombe ndi zipatso kuchokera kumayiko aku Latin America. Kuyambira pomwe China idalowa mu WTO, zinthu zaulimi zochokera kumayiko aku Latin America zimatumizidwa makamaka ndi mbewu zamafuta ndi zinthu za ziweto, ndipo chimanga chochokera kumayiko ena chawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Mu 2023, China idatumiza mbewu zamafuta zokwana madola 42.29 biliyoni kuchokera kumayiko aku Latin America, kuwonjezeka kwa 3.3%, zomwe zimapangitsa 57.1% ya zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera kumayiko aku Latin America. Kutumiza zinthu za ziweto, zinthu zam'madzi ndi chimanga kunali madola 13.67 biliyoni aku US, madola 7.15 biliyoni aku US ndi madola 5.13 biliyoni aku US motsatana. Pakati pawo, kutumizidwa kwa chimanga kunali madola 4.05 biliyoni aku US, kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi 137,671, makamaka chifukwa chimanga cha ku Brazil chinatumizidwa ku China kukayang'aniridwa ndi kuikidwa m'malo mwa anthu. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha chimanga chochokera ku Brazil chasintha momwe chimanga chimalowera chomwe chinkalamuliridwa ndi Ukraine ndi United States m'mbuyomu.
(4) Kutumiza kunja makamaka zinthu zam'madzi ndi ndiwo zamasamba
Kuyambira pomwe China idalowa mu WTO, kutumiza zinthu zaulimi kumayiko a LAC kwakhala makamaka zinthu za m'madzi ndi ndiwo zamasamba, m'zaka zaposachedwa, kutumiza zinthu za tirigu ndi zipatso kwawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Mu 2023, kutumiza zinthu za m'madzi ndi ndiwo zamasamba kumayiko aku Latin America kunali $1.19 biliyoni ndi $6.0 biliyoni motsatana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 35.0% ndi 17.6% ya zonse zomwe zinthu zaulimi zimatumizidwa kumayiko aku Latin America, motsatana.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-30-2024