Kodi zinthu zili bwanji komanso chiyembekezo cha malonda aulimi pakati pa China ndi mayiko a LAC?

I. Chidule cha malonda aulimi pakati pa China ndi mayiko a LAC kuyambira pomwe adalowa WTO

Kuchokera mu 2001 mpaka 2023, kuchuluka kwa malonda azinthu zaulimi pakati pa China ndi mayiko a LAC adawonetsa kukula kosalekeza, kuchokera pa madola 2.58 biliyoni aku US mpaka 81.03 biliyoni aku US, ndikukula kwapakati pachaka kwa 17.0%. Pakati pawo, mtengo wa katundu wochokera ku 2.40 biliyoni wa US kufika ku 77.63 biliyoni US, kuwonjezeka kwa 31; Zogulitsa kunja zidakwera 19 kuchokera pa $ 170 miliyoni kufika $ 3.40 biliyoni. Dziko lathu lili pachiwopsezo chakuchita malonda azaulimi ndi mayiko aku Latin America, ndipo kuchepaku kukukulirakulira. Msika waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zaulimi mdziko lathu wapereka mwayi waukulu wopititsa patsogolo ulimi ku Latin America. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zinthu zambiri zaulimi zapamwamba zochokera ku Latin America, monga chitumbuwa cha ku Chile ndi shrimp yoyera yaku Ecuador, zalowa msika wathu.

Ponseponse, gawo la mayiko aku Latin America pazamalonda laulimi ku China lakula pang'onopang'ono, koma kugawidwa kwa zolowa ndi zogulitsa kunja sikuli bwino. Kuchokera mu 2001 mpaka 2023, gawo la malonda a zaulimi ku China-Latin America pamalonda onse aulimi ku China adakwera kuchoka pa 9.3% kufika pa 24.3%. Pakati pawo, zogulitsa zaulimi zaku China zochokera kumayiko aku Latin America zidawerengera kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku 20,3% mpaka 33.2%, zogulitsa zaulimi ku China kupita kumayiko aku Latin America zimawerengera kuchuluka kwa zogulitsa kuchokera ku 1.1% mpaka 3.4%.

2. Makhalidwe a malonda aulimi pakati pa China ndi mayiko a LAC

(1) Ogwirizana kwambiri ndi malonda

Mu 2001, Argentina, Brazil ndi Peru anali malo atatu apamwamba kwambiri ogulitsa zinthu zaulimi kuchokera ku Latin America, zomwe zinali ndi mtengo wokwana madola 2.13 biliyoni aku US, zomwe zidapangitsa 88.8% yazinthu zonse zaulimi zomwe zidatumizidwa kuchokera ku Latin America chaka chimenecho. Chifukwa chakukula kwa mgwirizano wamalonda waulimi ndi mayiko aku Latin America, m'zaka zaposachedwa, dziko la Chile laposa dziko la Peru kuti likhale gwero lachitatu lalikulu kwambiri lazogulitsa zaulimi ku Latin America, ndipo Brazil yaposa Argentina kukhala gwero loyamba lalikulu kwambiri lazogulitsa zaulimi. Mu 2023, China idagulitsa zinthu zaulimi kuchokera ku Brazil, Argentina ndi Chile zidakwana madola 58.93 biliyoni aku US, zomwe zidapangitsa 88.8% yazinthu zonse zaulimi zomwe zidatumizidwa kuchokera kumayiko aku Latin America mchaka chimenecho. Pakati pawo, China idaitanitsa 58.58 biliyoni yazaulimi ku Brazil, zomwe zimawerengera 75.1% yazinthu zonse zaulimi zochokera kumayiko aku Latin America, zomwe zimawerengera 25.0% yazinthu zonse zaulimi ku China. Dziko la Brazil simalo okhawo omwe amagulitsa zinthu zaulimi ku Latin America, komanso gwero lalikulu kwambiri lazaulimi padziko lonse lapansi.

Mu 2001, Cuba, Mexico ndi Brazil anali misika itatu yapamwamba kwambiri yazaulimi ku China kupita kumayiko a LAC, yomwe ili ndi mtengo wokwana madola 110 miliyoni aku US, zomwe zidapangitsa 64.4% yazogulitsa zonse zaku China kumayiko a LAC chaka chimenecho. Mu 2023, Mexico, Chile ndi Brazil ndiye misika itatu yapamwamba kwambiri yazaulimi ku China kupita kumayiko aku Latin America, yomwe ili ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali wokwana madola 2.15 biliyoni aku US, zomwe ndi 63.2% yazogulitsa zonse zaulimi za chaka chimenecho.

(3) Kutumiza kunja kumayang'aniridwa ndi mbewu zamafuta ndi zoweta, ndipo kutumizidwa kunja kwa tirigu kwakula kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.

Dziko la China ndilomwe likugulitsa kwambiri zinthu zaulimi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo likufunika kwambiri zinthu zaulimi monga soya, ng’ombe ndi zipatso zochokera kumayiko aku Latin America. Chiyambireni China kulowa mu WTO, kuitanitsa zinthu zaulimi kuchokera kumayiko aku Latin America makamaka ndi mbewu zamafuta ndi zoweta, ndipo kutumizidwa kunja kwa mbewu monga chimanga kwakula kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.

Mu 2023, China idatulutsa mbewu zamafuta zokwana 42.29 biliyoni zaku US kuchokera kumayiko aku Latin America, kuchuluka kwa 3.3%, zomwe zidapangitsa 57.1% yazinthu zonse zaulimi zomwe zimatumizidwa kumayiko aku Latin America. Zogulitsa kunja kwa ziweto, zam'madzi ndi tirigu zinali 13.67 biliyoni za US, 7.15 biliyoni za US ndi 5.13 biliyoni za US, motsatana. Pakati pawo, kutumizidwa kunja kwa chimanga kunali madola mabiliyoni 4.05 aku US, kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi 137,671, makamaka chifukwa chimanga cha ku Brazil chidatumizidwa ku China kuti chikawonedwe komanso kuti anthu azikhala kwaokha. Chiwerengero chochuluka cha chimanga cha ku Brazil chomwe chimatumizidwa kunja chalembanso ndondomeko ya chimanga chomwe chimalamulidwa ndi Ukraine ndi United States m'mbuyomu.

(4) Kutumiza kunja makamaka zam'madzi ndi ndiwo zamasamba

Chiyambireni China ku WTO, kutumizira zinthu zaulimi kumayiko a LAC kwakhala makamaka zam'madzi ndi ndiwo zamasamba, m'zaka zaposachedwa, kugulitsa kunja kwambewu ndi zipatso kwachulukirachulukira. Mu 2023, China idagulitsa zinthu zam'madzi ndi ndiwo zamasamba kumayiko aku Latin America zinali $ 1.19 biliyoni ndi $ 6.0 biliyoni motsatana, zomwe zimawerengera 35.0% ndi 17.6% yazogulitsa zonse zaulimi kumayiko aku Latin America, motsatana.