Kodi zotsatira zake ndi zotani pamakampani omwe akulowa msika waku Brazil pazogulitsa zamoyo komanso zomwe zachitika pothandizira mfundo

Msika wazinthu zaku Brazil zaku Brazil ukukula mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa.Pankhani yodziwitsa anthu zachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kutchuka kwa malingaliro okhazikika aulimi, komanso chithandizo champhamvu chaboma, dziko la Brazil pang'onopang'ono likukhala msika wofunikira komanso malo opangira zida zazaulimi padziko lonse lapansi, kukopa makampani apadziko lonse lapansi kuti akhazikitse ntchito zake dziko.

Zomwe zikuchitika pamsika wa biopesticide ku Brazil

Mu 2023, malo obzala mbewu za ku Brazil adafika mahekitala 81.82 miliyoni, pomwe mbewu yayikulu kwambiri ndi soya, yomwe imapanga 52% ya malo obzala, ndikutsatiridwa ndi chimanga chachisanu, nzimbe ndi chimanga chachilimwe.Pamalo ake akuluakulu olimako, ku Brazilmankhwala ophera tizilombomsika udafika pafupifupi $20 biliyoni (kugwiritsa ntchito famu) mu 2023, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo a soya omwe amawerengera gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamsika (58%) komanso msika womwe ukukula mwachangu m'zaka zitatu zapitazi.

Gawo la biopesticides pamsika wonse wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Brazil likadali lotsika kwambiri, koma likukula mwachangu, likukwera kuchokera pa 1% mu 2018 mpaka 4% mu 2023 m'zaka zisanu zokha, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 38%, kutali. kupitirira 12% kukula kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Mu 2023, msika wa biopesticide mdziko muno udafika pamtengo wamsika $800 miliyoni kumapeto kwa alimi.Mwa iwo, malinga ndi gulu, biological nematocides ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri lazinthu (makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu soya ndi nzimbe);Gulu lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri ndimankhwala ophera tizilombo, kutsatiridwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi biocides;CAGR yapamwamba kwambiri pamsika munthawi ya 2018-2023 ndi ya biological nematocides, mpaka 52%.Pankhani ya mbewu zogwiritsidwa ntchito, gawo la soya biopesticides pamtengo wonse wamsika ndilokwera kwambiri, kufika 55% mu 2023;Panthawi imodzimodziyo, soya ndi mbewu yomwe imakhala ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi 88% ya malo omwe adabzalidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoterezi mu 2023.Mtengo wamsika wa mbewuzi wakwera m'zaka zitatu zapitazi.

Pali kusiyana m'magulu akuluakulu a biopesticides a mbewu zofunika izi.Mtengo waukulu kwambiri wamsika wa soya biopesticides ndi biological nematocides, womwe umakhala 43% mu 2023. Magulu ofunikira kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyengo yozizira komanso chimanga chachilimwe ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amawerengera 66% ndi 75% yamtengo wamsika wamankhwala ophera tizilombo m'magawo awiriwa. mitundu ya mbewu, motero (makamaka pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo tobaya).Gulu lalikulu kwambiri la nzimbe ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amaphatikiza theka la msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo a nzimbe.

Pankhani ya malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito, tchati chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa zosakaniza zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa malo odyetserako mbewu zosiyanasiyana, komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito mchaka chimodzi.Zina mwa izo, Trichoderma ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limagwira ntchito, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mahekitala 8.87 miliyoni pachaka, makamaka pakulima soya.Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi Beauveria bassiana (mahekitala 6.845 miliyoni), omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku chimanga chachisanu.Zisanu ndi zitatu mwa zosakaniza zazikulu zisanu ndi zinayi zimenezi zimalimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo ma parasitoids ndi tizilombo tokha tokha tokha tinyama timene timakonda (zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima nzimbe).Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zopangira izi zimagulitsidwa bwino:

Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana ndi Bacillus amylus: mabizinesi opitilira 50 opanga, omwe amapereka msika wabwino ndikupereka;

Rhodospore: kuwonjezeka kwakukulu, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chimanga cha leafhopper, malo opangira mankhwala a mahekitala 11 miliyoni mu 2021, ndi mahekitala 30 miliyoni mu 2024 pa chimanga chachisanu;

Mavu a parasitic: amakhala okhazikika kwanthawi yayitali panzimbe, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyang'anira nzimbe;

Metarhizium anisopliae: Kukula mofulumira, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nematodes ndi kuletsa kalembera wa carbofuran (mankhwala aakulu oletsa nematode).