Kodi Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo ta Microbial Ndi Chiyani?

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya, bowa, ma virus, protozoa, kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuteteza ndi kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga matenda, tizilombo, udzu, ndi mbewa. Mtundu woterewu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo uli ndi mphamvu yosankha, ndi yotetezeka kwa anthu, ziweto, mbewu, ndi chilengedwe, sichivulaza adani achilengedwe, ndipo sichimakonda kukana.

Kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzakwaniritsa bwino ntchito zaulimi zapamwamba komanso zotetezeka, kupititsa patsogolo kufunikira kwachuma kwazinthu zaulimi, kukulitsa msika wazinthu zaulimi ku China, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale obiriwira. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo, monga chimodzi mwazofunikira popanga zinthu zaulimi zopanda kuipitsa, zidzakhala ndi chitetezo cham'tsogolo cha matenda ndi kuwononga mbewu.

Choncho, kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko, mafakitale, ndi kukwezedwa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuchepetsa zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo muzaulimi ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe chaulimi, kukwaniritsa kulamulira kosasunthika kwa matenda akuluakulu a mbewu ndi tizilombo toononga, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zaumisiri waulimi pakupanga mafakitale azinthu zaulimi ku China, phindu lalikulu lazachuma, komanso zachuma.

Mayendedwe a chitukuko:

1. Nthaka yoteteza matenda ndi tizirombo

Kafukufuku wambiri akuyenera kuchitidwa pa nthaka yomwe imapondereza matenda ndi tizirombo. Dothi ili ndi kulimbikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda limalepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tipulumuke komanso tizirombo kuti tisawononge.

2. Kuthetsa udzu mwachilengedwe

The kwachilengedwenso kulamulira namsongole ndi ntchito herbivorous nyama kapena zomera tizilombo tizilombo ndi enieni khamu osiyanasiyana kulamulira udzu anthu amene amakhudza umoyo wa anthu zachuma m'munsimu kuwononga chuma threshold.Poyerekeza ndi mankhwala udzu kulamulira, kwachilengedwenso udzu kulamulira ali ndi ubwino palibe kuipitsa chilengedwe, palibe kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala, ndi phindu lalikulu la zachuma. Nthawi zina kuyambitsa bwino kwa adani achilengedwe kumatha kuthetsa vuto la kuwonongeka kwa udzu kamodzi.

3. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono topangidwa ndi chibadwa

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akhala akugwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo adalowa m'gawo lothandizira asanapangidwe zomera zowonongeka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo. Kukula kumeneku kukuwonetsa kuthekera kokulirapo kwa sayansi yasayansi pakusintha chibadwa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta biocontrol ndipo kumayala maziko opitilira kafukufuku ndi kupanga m'badwo watsopano wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

4. Matenda osinthidwa chibadwa ndi zomera zosamva tizilombo

Matenda a transgenic ndi zomera zolimbana ndi tizilombo zatsegula njira zatsopano zopewera tizilombo. Mu 1985, asayansi aku America adayambitsa jini ya coat protein (cp) ya fodya mosaic virus mufodya yomwe ingatengeke, ndipo mbewu zosasinthika zidakulitsa kukana kwawo ku kachilomboka. Njira iyi yopezera kukana matenda posamutsa jini ya CP pambuyo pake idapambana pamitengo ingapo monga tomato, mbatata, soya, ndi mpunga. Zitha kuwoneka kuti uwu ndi kafukufuku wodalirika wa bioengineering.