Kodi Mankhwala Ophera Tizilomboti Ndi Chiyani?

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amatanthauza mankhwala opangidwa ndi biologically omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya, bowa, ma virus, protozoa, kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuteteza ndi kuwononga zamoyo zovulaza monga matenda, tizilombo, udzu, ndi mbewa. kugwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya polimbana ndi mabakiteriya, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya kuti azule.Mtundu woterewu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo uli ndi mphamvu yosankha, ndi yotetezeka kwa anthu, ziweto, mbewu, ndi chilengedwe, sichivulaza adani achilengedwe, ndipo sichimakonda kukana.

Kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzakwaniritsa bwino ntchito zaulimi zapamwamba komanso zotetezeka, kupititsa patsogolo kufunikira kwachuma kwazinthu zaulimi, kukulitsa msika wazinthu zaulimi ku China, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha green industries.Microbial pesticides. , monga chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira zopangira zopangira zinthu zaulimi zopanda kuipitsa, zidzakhala ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa msika m'tsogolomu popewa komanso kuwongolera matenda a mbewu ndi tizirombo.

Choncho, kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko, mafakitale, ndi kupititsa patsogolo mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuchepetsa zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo muzaulimi ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe chaulimi, kukwaniritsa kulamulira kosasunthika kwa matenda akuluakulu a mbewu ndi tizilombo toononga, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zaumisiri waulimi. kutukuka kwazinthu zaulimi zopanda kuipitsa ku China, mosakayikira kubweretsa phindu lalikulu pazakhalidwe, zachuma, komanso zachilengedwe.

Mayendedwe a chitukuko:

1. Nthaka yoteteza matenda ndi tizirombo

Kafukufuku wambiri akuyenera kuchitidwa pa nthaka yomwe imapondereza matenda ndi tizirombo.Dothi ili ndi kulimbikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda limalepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tipulumuke komanso tizirombo kuti tisawononge.

2. Kuthetsa udzu mwachilengedwe

The kwachilengedwenso kulamulira namsongole ndi ntchito herbivorous nyama kapena zomera tizilombo tizilombo ndi enieni khamu osiyanasiyana kulamulira udzu anthu amene zimakhudza umoyo wa anthu zachuma m'munsimu mavuto azachuma polimbana ndi udzu. kwa chilengedwe, palibe kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala, ndi phindu lalikulu lazachuma.Nthawi zina kuyambitsa bwino kwa adani achilengedwe kumatha kuthetsa vuto la kuwonongeka kwa udzu kamodzi.

3. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono topangidwa ndi chibadwa

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akhala akugwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo adalowa m'gawo lothandizira asanapangidwe zomera zowonongeka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo.Kukula kumeneku kukuwonetsa kuthekera kokulirapo kwa sayansi yasayansi pakusintha chibadwa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta biocontrol ndipo kumayala maziko opitilira kafukufuku ndi kupanga m'badwo watsopano wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

4. Matenda osinthidwa chibadwa ndi zomera zosamva tizilombo

Matenda a transgenic ndi zomera zolimbana ndi tizilombo zatsegula njira zatsopano zopewera tizilombo.Mu 1985, asayansi aku America adayambitsa jini ya coat protein (cp) ya fodya mosaic virus mufodya yomwe ingatengeke, ndipo zomera zosasinthika zidakulitsa kukana kwawo ku kachilomboka. monga tomato, mbatata, soya, ndi mpunga.Zitha kuwoneka kuti uwu ndi kafukufuku wodalirika wa bioengineering.