Kodi Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo Tosaoneka ndi ...

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatanthauza mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochokera ku zamoyo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya, bowa, mavairasi, ma protozoa, kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe tasinthidwa majini ngati zosakaniza zogwira ntchito popewa ndi kulamulira tizilombo toopsa monga matenda, tizilombo, udzu, ndi mbewa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya kulamulira tizilombo, kugwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya kulamulira mabakiteriya, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya kudyetsa udzu. Mtundu uwu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo uli ndi mphamvu yosankha bwino, ndi wotetezeka kwa anthu, ziweto, mbewu, ndi chilengedwe, suvulaza adani achilengedwe, ndipo sungathe kupirira.

Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mabakiteriya apangitsa kuti ulimi ukhale wabwino komanso wotetezeka, kuonjezera phindu la ulimi, kukulitsa msika wogulitsa kunja kwa ulimi waku China ndi zinthu zina zotsalira, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale obiriwira. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika popanga zinthu zaulimi zopanda kuipitsa, adzakhala ndi msika waukulu mtsogolomu popewa ndi kuwongolera matenda ndi tizilombo toononga mbewu.

Chifukwa chake, kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko, chitukuko cha mafakitale, ndi kukwezedwa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuchepetsa zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'zakudya zaulimi ndi kuipitsa chilengedwe chaulimi, kukwaniritsa kulamulira matenda akuluakulu a mbewu ndi tizilombo toononga, ndikukwaniritsa kufunikira kwakukulu kwa ukadaulo waulimi pakukulitsa mafakitale azinthu zaulimi zopanda kuipitsa ku China, mosakayikira kudzabweretsa phindu lalikulu pazachikhalidwe, zachuma, komanso zachilengedwe.

Malangizo a chitukuko:

1. Dothi loletsa matenda ndi tizilombo

Kafukufuku wowonjezereka uyenera kuchitika pa nthaka yomwe imaletsa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Dothi ili lomwe limakhala ndi tizilombo tochepa limaletsa mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda kuti asapulumuke komanso kuti tizilombo tisavulaze.

2. Kulamulira udzu mwachilengedwe

Kulamulira udzu mwachilengedwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nyama zodya udzu kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa matenda m'minda tomwe tili ndi mtundu winawake wa udzu kuti tiwongolere kuchuluka kwa udzu komwe kumakhudza mphamvu zachuma za anthu zomwe sizingawononge chuma. Poyerekeza ndi kulamulira udzu mwachilengedwe, kulamulira udzu mwachilengedwe kuli ndi ubwino wosakhala ndi kuipitsa chilengedwe, kusawononga mankhwala, komanso ubwino waukulu pazachuma. Nthawi zina kuyambitsa bwino adani achilengedwe kumatha kuthetsa vuto la kuwonongeka kwa udzu kamodzi kokha.

3. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe tinapangidwa mwachibadwa

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kafukufuku wokhudza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapangidwa ndi majini wakhala akugwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo walowa mu gawo lothandiza kwambiri zomera zopangidwa ndi majini zisanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito majini kuti zisadwale matenda komanso tizilombo tomwe timatha kupirira. Izi zikusonyeza kuthekera kwakukulu kwa sayansi ya zamoyo pakukonza majini a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapangidwa ndi majini ndipo zikuyika maziko ofufuzira ndi kupanga mibadwo yatsopano ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

4. Matenda osinthidwa majini ndi zomera zosagonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo

Matenda opangidwa ndi majenetiki ndi zomera zosagwira tizilombo zatsegula njira zatsopano zothanirana ndi tizilombo. Mu 1985, asayansi aku America adayambitsa jini ya mapuloteni (cp) ya kachilombo ka fodya mu fodya wosavuta kufalitsa, ndipo zomera zosinthidwa zinawonjezera kukana kwawo ku kachilomboka. Njira iyi yopezera kukana matenda mwa kusamutsa jini ya CP pambuyo pake idapambana pa zomera zambiri monga tomato, mbatata, soya, ndi mpunga. Zikuoneka kuti uwu ndi kafukufuku wodalirika kwambiri wa bioengineering.