Florfenicol, mankhwala opangidwa ndi monofluorinated ochokera ku thiamphenicol, ndi mankhwala atsopano oletsa mabakiteriya a chloramphenicol kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pachipatala cha ziweto, omwe anapangidwa bwino kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980.
Pankhani ya matenda pafupipafupi, mafamu ambiri a nkhumba amagwiritsa ntchito florfenicol pafupipafupi pofuna kupewa kapena kuchiza matenda a nkhumba.Ziribe kanthu kuti ndi matenda amtundu wanji, mosasamala kanthu za gulu kapena siteji, alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito mlingo wapamwamba wa florfenicol kuchiza kapena kupewa matenda.Florfenicol si mankhwala.Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuti ikwaniritse zomwe mukufuna.Zotsatirazi ndizofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa florfenicol, ndikuyembekeza kuthandiza aliyense:
1. Antibacterial katundu wa florfenicol
(1) Florfenicol ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe ali ndi antibacterial spectrum yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana a Gram-positive ndi negative ndi mycoplasma.Mabakiteriya okhudzidwa ndi monga bovine ndi nkhumba Haemophilus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Pneumococcus, Influenza bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia, Leptospira, Rickettsia, etc.
(2) Mayesero a in vitro ndi mu vivo amasonyeza kuti ntchito yake ya antibacterial ndi yabwino kwambiri kuposa mankhwala omwe alipo panopa, monga thiamphenicol, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, ampicillin ndi quinolones omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri panopa.
(3) Kuchita mwachangu, florfenicol imatha kufikira ndende yochizira m'magazi ola la 1 mutatha jekeseni wamkati, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumatha kufikira maola 1.5-3;okhalitsa, ogwira mtima mankhwala ndende akhoza anakhalabe kwa maola oposa 20 pambuyo makonzedwe amodzi.
(4) Imatha kudutsa chotchinga chamagazi-muubongo, ndipo zotsatira zake zochiritsira pa meningitis ya bakiteriya ya nyama sizingafanane ndi mankhwala ena oletsa mabakiteriya.
(5) Ilibe poizoni ndi zotsatira zake pamene ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu chiwerengero chovomerezeka, imagonjetsa kuopsa kwa aplastic anemia ndi poizoni wina chifukwa cha thiamphenicol, ndipo sichidzavulaza nyama ndi chakudya.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a nyama.Kuchiza nkhumba, kuphatikizapo kupewa ndi kuchiza bakiteriya kupuma matenda, oumitsa khosi, pleurisy, mastitis, matenda m`mimba ndi postpartum syndrome mu nkhumba.
2. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a florfenicol komanso matenda a nkhumba a florfenicol
(1) Matenda a nkhumba omwe amakonda florfenicol
Izi mankhwala tikulimbikitsidwa monga mankhwala kusankha nkhumba chibayo, nkhumba matenda pleuropneumonia ndi Haemophilus parasuis matenda, makamaka zochizira mabakiteriya kugonjetsedwa ndi fluoroquinolones ndi mankhwala ena.
(2) Florfenicol itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda otsatirawa a nkhumba
Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda kupuma chifukwa zosiyanasiyana Streptococcus (chibayo), Bordetella bronchiseptica (atrophic rhinitis), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (nkhumba mphumu), etc.;salmonellosis (piglet paratyphoid), colibacillosis (piglet asthma) Matenda a m'mimba monga enteritis chifukwa cha kutsekula m'mimba kwachikasu, kutsegula m'mimba koyera, matenda a piglet edema) ndi mabakiteriya ena ovuta.Florfenicol ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda a nkhumba, koma si mankhwala osankhidwa pa matenda a nkhumba, choncho ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika florfenicol
(1) Mlingo ndi waukulu kwambiri kapena wochepa kwambiri.Mlingo wina wosakanikirana umafika 400 mg/kg, ndipo mlingo wa jakisoni umafika 40-100 mg/kg, kapena kupitilira apo.Zina ndi zazing'ono ngati 8 ~ 15mg/kg.Mlingo waukulu ndi wapoizoni, ndipo mlingo waung'ono ndi wosagwira ntchito.
(2) Nthawi yatalika.Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwanthawi yayitali kwanthawi yayitali popanda kudziletsa.
(3) Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi magawo ndikolakwika.Nkhumba zapakati ndi zonenepa zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mosasamala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale poizoni kapena zotsalira za mankhwala, zomwe zimabweretsa kupanga ndi zakudya zopanda chitetezo.
(4) Kugwirizana kosayenera.Anthu ena nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito florfenicol kuphatikiza sulfonamides ndi cephalosporins.Kaya ndi zasayansi komanso zololera ndizoyenera kuzifufuza.
(5) Kudyetsa kosakanikirana ndi kayendetsedwe kake sikumagwedezeka mofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale zotsatira za mankhwala kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera za florfenicol
(1) Mankhwalawa sayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi macrolides (monga tylosin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, tilmicosin, guitarmycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, etc.), lincosamide (Monga lincomycin, clindamycin) ndi diterpenoid semi-synthetic, mankhwala opha tizilombo - Tiamulin zikaphatikizidwa zimatha kubweretsa zotsatira zotsutsana.
(2) Mankhwalawa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi β-lactone amines (monga penicillins, cephalosporins) ndi fluoroquinolones (monga enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, etc.), chifukwa mankhwalawa ndi inhibitor ya bacterial protein Synthetic fast-acting bacteriostatic agent. , yotsirizirayi ndi mankhwala ophera mabakiteriya othamanga kwambiri panthaŵi yoswana.Pansi pa zomwe kale, kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni a bakiteriya amaletsedwa mwachangu, mabakiteriya amasiya kukula ndikuchulukana, ndipo mphamvu ya bactericidal yomalizayo imafooka.Choncho, pamene chithandizo chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsera yofulumira, sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi.
(3) Mankhwalawa sangasakanizidwe ndi sodium sulfadiazine pa jakisoni wa intramuscular.sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala amchere pamene kutumikiridwa pakamwa kapena intramuscularly, kuti kupewa kuwonongeka ndi kulephera.Komanso si oyenera mtsempha wa magazi jekeseni tetracycline hydrochloride, kanamycin, adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, etc., kupewa mpweya ndi kuchepa lachangu.
(4) Kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi necrosis kungayambitsidwe pambuyo pa jekeseni wa intramuscular.Choncho, akhoza kubayidwa mosiyanasiyana mu minofu yakuya ya khosi ndi matako, ndipo sikoyenera kubwereza jekeseni pamalo omwewo.
(5) Chifukwa mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala ndi embryotoxicity, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala mu nkhumba zapakati komanso zoyamwitsa.
(6) Pamene kutentha kwa thupi kwa nkhumba zodwala kuli kwakukulu, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi antipyretic analgesics ndi dexamethasone, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala bwino.
(7) Popewa ndi kuchiza matenda a porcine kupuma kwa ng’ombe (PRDC), anthu ena amalangiza kuti agwiritse ntchito florfenicol ndi amoxicillin, florfenicol ndi tylosin, ndi florfenicol ndi tylosin.Zoyenera, chifukwa kuchokera kumaganizo a pharmacological, awiriwa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi.Komabe, florfenicol itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi tetracyclines monga doxycycline.
(8) Mankhwalawa ali ndi poizoni wa hematological.Ngakhale kuti sichidzachititsa kuti mafupa a pulasitiki asasinthe, kulepheretsa kosinthika kwa erythropoiesis chifukwa chake kumakhala kofala kuposa chloramphenicol (wolumala).Iwo contraindicated mu katemera nthawi kapena nyama kwambiri immunodeficiency.
(9) Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kungayambitse matenda am'mimba komanso kusowa kwa vitamini kapena zizindikiro za superinfection.
(10) Popewa ndi kuchiza matenda a nkhumba, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa, ndipo mankhwalawa ayenera kuperekedwa motsatira mlingo woperekedwa ndi mankhwala, ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kuti apewe zotsatirapo zoipa.
(11) Kwa nyama zomwe zili ndi vuto laimpso, mlingo uyenera kuchepetsedwa kapena nthawi yoyendetsera iyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
(12) Pakakhala kutentha pang'ono, zimapezeka kuti kusungunuka kumakhala pang'onopang'ono;kapena yankho lomwe lakonzedwa limakhala ndi mvula ya florfenicol, ndipo limangofunika kutenthedwa pang'ono (osapitirira 45 ℃) kuti lisungunuke mwachangu.Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mkati mwa maola 48.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-09-2022