Pafupifupi 7.0% ya malo onse padziko lapansi amakhudzidwa ndi mchere1, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti malo opitilira mahekitala 900 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi akhudzidwa ndi mchere ndi mchere wa sodic salinity2, womwe ndi 20% ya malo olimidwa ndi 10% ya nthaka yothirira. limatenga theka la deralo ndipo lili ndi mchere wambiri3. Dothi lokhala ndi mchere ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe alimi aku Pakistan akukumana nawo4,5. Mwa izi, pafupifupi mahekitala 6.3 miliyoni kapena 14% ya nthaka yothirira imakhudzidwa ndi mchere6.
Kupsinjika maganizo kumatha kusinthakukula kwa hormonekuyankha, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mbewu ndi zokolola zomaliza7. Zomera zikakumana ndi kupsyinjika kwa mchere, kusamvana pakati pa kupanga kwamtundu wa okosijeni wokhazikika (ROS) ndi kutha kwa ma enzymes a antioxidant kumasokonekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomera zizivutika ndi oxidative stress8. Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi ma enzymes ochulukirapo a antioxidant (onse opangira komanso osasinthika) amakana kuwononga okosijeni, monga superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), peroxidase-catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), ndi glutathione reductase. (GR) imatha kukulitsa kulolerana kwa mchere kwa zomera pansi pa kupsinjika kwa mchere9. Kuphatikiza apo, ma phytohormones akuti amathandizira pakukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu, kufa kwa maselo okonzedwa, komanso kupulumuka pakusintha kwachilengedwe10. Triacontanol ndi mowa wochuluka wochuluka womwe ndi gawo la sera ya epidermal ya zomera ndipo uli ndi mphamvu zolimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera11,12 komanso zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula pazigawo zochepa13. Kugwiritsa ntchito foliar kumatha kusintha kwambiri mawonekedwe a photosynthetic pigment, kudzikundikira kwa solute, kukula, ndi kupanga biomass muzomera14,15. Kugwiritsa ntchito foliar kwa triacontanol kungapangitse kupirira kwa kupsinjika kwa zomera16 poyendetsa ntchito ya ma enzymes ambiri oletsa antioxidant17, kuonjezera osmoprotectant yamtundu wa masamba a zomera11,18,19 ndikuwongolera kuyankhidwa kwa mchere wofunikira K + ndi Ca2 +, koma osati Na +. 14 Kuphatikiza apo, triacontanol imapanga shuga wochepetsera, mapuloteni osungunuka, ndi ma amino acid pansi pazovuta20,21,22.
Masamba ali olemera mu phytochemicals ndi michere ndipo ndi ofunikira pazakudya zambiri m'thupi la munthu23. Kulima masamba kuli pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mchere wam'nthaka, makamaka m'minda yothirira, yomwe imatulutsa 40.0% yazakudya zapadziko lonse24. Mbewu zamasamba monga anyezi, nkhaka, biringanya, tsabola ndi phwetekere zimakhudzidwa ndi mchere25, ndipo nkhaka ndi masamba ofunikira pazakudya za anthu padziko lonse26. Kupsyinjika kwa mchere kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa nkhaka, komabe, kuchuluka kwa mchere kupitirira 25 mm kumapangitsa kuti zokolola zichepe kufika pa 13% 27,28. Kuwonongeka kwa mchere ku nkhaka kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa zomera ndi zokolola5,29,30. Choncho, cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuyesa ntchito ya triacontanol pochepetsa kupsyinjika kwa mchere mu nkhaka genotypes ndi kuyesa mphamvu ya triacontanol kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera ndi zokolola. Izi ndi zofunikanso pokonza njira zoyenera pa dothi lamchere. Kuphatikiza apo, tidatsimikiza kusintha kwa ion homeostasis mu nkhaka genotypes pansi pa nkhawa ya NaCl.
Mphamvu ya triacontanol pa inorganic osmotic regulators m'masamba a nkhaka zinayi genotypes mokhazikika komanso kupsinjika kwa mchere.
Pamene nkhaka genotypes anafesedwa pansi mchere mikhalidwe nkhawa, okwana zipatso chiwerengero ndi pafupifupi zipatso kulemera anali kwambiri yafupika (mkuyu. 4). Kuchepetsa uku kudadziwika kwambiri mu Summer Green ndi 20252 genotypes, pomwe Marketmore ndi Green Long adasungabe kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi kulemera kwake pambuyo pa vuto la mchere. Kugwiritsa ntchito foliar kwa triacontanol kunachepetsa zotsatira zoyipa za kupsinjika kwa mchere ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi kulemera kwa ma genotypes onse omwe adawunikidwa. Komabe, Marketmore yothandizidwa ndi triacontanol idapanga zipatso zapamwamba kwambiri zokhala ndi zolemetsa zambiri pansi pa kupsinjika ndi kuwongolera poyerekeza ndi mbewu zosasamalidwa. Summer Green ndi 20252 zinali ndi zolimba zosungunuka kwambiri mu zipatso za nkhaka ndipo sizinachite bwino poyerekeza ndi Marketmore ndi Green Long genotypes, omwe anali ndi zinthu zotsika kwambiri zosungunuka.
Zotsatira za triacontanol pa zokolola za nkhaka zinayi zamtundu wamtundu wanthawi zonse komanso kupsinjika kwa mchere.
Njira yabwino kwambiri ya triacontanol inali 0.8 mg / l, yomwe inalola kuchepetsa zotsatira zakupha za ma genotypes omwe amaphunzira pansi pa kupsinjika kwa mchere komanso kusakhala ndi nkhawa. Komabe, zotsatira za triacontanol pa Green-Long ndi Marketmore zinali zoonekeratu. Poganizira kuthekera kwa kulolera mchere wa ma genotypes ndi mphamvu ya triacontanol pochepetsa kupsinjika kwa mchere, ndizotheka kulangiza kukulitsa ma genotypes pa dothi lamchere ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi triacontanol.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-27-2024