Pafupifupi 7.0% ya malo onse padziko lapansi amakhudzidwa ndi mchere1, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mahekitala opitilira 900 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi amakhudzidwa ndi mchere komanso sodium salinity2, zomwe zimapangitsa 20% ya malo olimidwa ndi 10% ya malo othiriridwa. Malowa amakhala theka la malowa ndipo ali ndi mchere wambiri3. Dothi lokhala ndi mchere ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe ulimi wa Pakistan ukukumana nalo4,5. Mwa izi, mahekitala pafupifupi 6.3 miliyoni kapena 14% ya malo othiriridwa pakadali pano akukhudzidwa ndi mchere6.
Kupsinjika maganizo kwa Abiotic kungasinthehormone yokulira zomeraKuyankha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zisamakule bwino komanso kuti zibereke bwino7. Pamene zomera zikukhudzidwa ndi mchere, kusiyana pakati pa kupanga kwa reactive oxygen species (ROS) ndi mphamvu yozimitsa ya ma enzyme oletsa antioxidant kumasokonekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomera zivutike ndi oxidative stress8. Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi ma enzyme oletsa antioxidant ambiri (onse omwe amapangidwa komanso omwe amapangidwa) zimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni, monga superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), peroxidase-catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), ndi glutathione reductase (GR) zimatha kukulitsa kulekerera kwa mchere kwa zomera zomwe zili ndi mchere9. Kuphatikiza apo, ma phytohormones anenedwa kuti amatenga gawo lolamulira pakukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera, kufa kwa maselo, komanso kupulumuka pansi pa kusintha kwa chilengedwe10. Triacontanol ndi mowa wodzaza womwe ndi gawo la sera ya epidermal ya zomera ndipo uli ndi mphamvu zokulitsa kukula kwa zomera11,12 komanso mphamvu zokulitsa kukula pamlingo wochepa13. Kugwiritsa ntchito masamba kungawongolere kwambiri mtundu wa utoto wa photosynthesis, kusonkhanitsa kwa solute, kukula, ndi kupanga biomass m'zomera14,15. Kugwiritsa ntchito masamba a triacontanol kungawongolere kupirira kupsinjika kwa zomera16 mwa kuwongolera ntchito ya ma enzymes ambiri oletsa antioxidant17, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa osmoprotectant m'maselo a masamba a zomera11,18,19 ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa kwa mchere wofunikira K+ ndi Ca2+, koma osati Na+.14 Kuphatikiza apo, triacontanol imapanga shuga wocheperako, mapuloteni osungunuka, ndi ma amino acid pansi pa zovuta20,21,22.
Masamba ali ndi michere yambiri ya phytochemicals ndi michere ndipo ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi la munthu23. Kupanga ndiwo zamasamba kukuopsezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere m'nthaka, makamaka m'malo olimidwa bwino, omwe amapanga 40.0% ya chakudya cha padziko lonse lapansi24. Mbewu zamasamba monga anyezi, nkhaka, biringanya, tsabola ndi phwetekere zimakhudzidwa ndi mchere25, ndipo nkhaka ndi ndiwo zamasamba zofunika kwambiri pazakudya za anthu padziko lonse lapansi26. Kupsinjika kwa mchere kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa nkhaka, komabe, kuchuluka kwa mchere pamwamba pa 25 mM kumapangitsa kuti zokolola zichepe mpaka 13%27,28. Zotsatira zoyipa za mchere pa nkhaka zimapangitsa kuti zomera zichepe kukula ndi zokolola5,29,30. Chifukwa chake, cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kuwunika momwe triacontanol imagwirira ntchito pochepetsa kupsinjika kwa mchere m'mitundu ya nkhaka ndikuwunika momwe triacontanol ingalimbikitsire kukula ndi kupanga mbewu. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga njira zoyenera nthaka yamchere. Kuphatikiza apo, tinapeza kusintha kwa ma ion homeostasis mu ma genotype a nkhaka pansi pa kupsinjika kwa NaCl.
Zotsatira za triacontanol pa olamulira a inorganic osmotic m'masamba a mitundu inayi ya nkhaka pansi pa kupsinjika kwabwinobwino ndi mchere.
Pamene mitundu ya ma genotype a nkhaka idabzalidwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yovutikira mchere, chiwerengero chonse cha zipatso ndi kulemera kwapakati kwa zipatso zidachepetsedwa kwambiri (Chithunzi 4). Kuchepa kumeneku kudawonekera kwambiri mu mitundu ya ma genotype a Summer Green ndi 20252, pomwe Marketmore ndi Green Long zidasunga chiwerengero chachikulu cha zipatso ndi kulemera pambuyo pa vuto la mchere. Kugwiritsa ntchito triacontanol pa masamba kunachepetsa zotsatira zoyipa za kupsinjika kwa mchere ndikuwonjezera chiwerengero cha zipatso ndi kulemera m'mitundu yonse ya ma genotype yomwe idayesedwa. Komabe, Marketmore yothandizidwa ndi triacontanol idapanga chiwerengero chachikulu cha zipatso zokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu pansi pa mikhalidwe yovutikira komanso yolamulidwa poyerekeza ndi zomera zomwe sizinalandire chithandizo. Summer Green ndi 20252 zinali ndi zinthu zolimba zosungunuka kwambiri mu zipatso za nkhaka ndipo sizinachite bwino poyerekeza ndi mitundu ya ma genotype a Marketmore ndi Green Long, omwe anali ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa zinthu zolimba zosungunuka.
Zotsatira za triacontanol pa kukolola kwa mitundu inayi ya nkhaka pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino komanso ya mchere.
Kuchuluka kwabwino kwa triacontanol kunali 0.8 mg/l, zomwe zinathandiza kuchepetsa zotsatira zakupha za majini omwe anaphunziridwa pansi pa kupsinjika kwa mchere komanso mikhalidwe yopanda kupsinjika. Komabe, zotsatira za triacontanol pa Green-Long ndi Marketmore zinali zoonekeratu. Poganizira kuthekera kwa majini awa kupirira mchere komanso kugwira ntchito kwa triacontanol pochepetsa zotsatira za kupsinjika kwa mchere, ndizotheka kulangiza kulima majini awa panthaka yamchere ndi kupopera masamba ndi triacontanol.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-27-2024