Njira zoyendetsera ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera zomera zitha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi 44% popanda kusokoneza kulamulira tizilombo ndi matenda kapena zokolola za mbewu.

Kusamalira tizilombo ndi matenda n'kofunika kwambiri pa ulimi, kuteteza mbewu ku tizilombo ndi matenda oopsa. Mapulogalamu oletsa tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pokhapokha ngati kuchuluka kwa tizilombo ndi matenda kwapitirira malire omwe adakhazikitsidwa kale, angathandize kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Komabe, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mapulogalamuwa sikukudziwika bwino ndipo kumasiyana kwambiri.
Kuti tiwone momwe njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito mlingo woyenera zikuyendera pa ulimi, tinafufuza mwadongosolo maphunziro oyenerera omwe amayesa kuchuluka kwa malire m'machitidwe obzala mbewu.Pogwiritsa ntchito mainjini ambiri osakira, pamapeto pake tinasanthula maphunziro 126 kuti tidziwe momwe njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito mlingo wocheperako zimakhudzira kuwongolera tizilombo ta arthropod, kupanga bwino ulimi, komanso kuchuluka kwa arthropod komwe kumapindulitsa.Tikuganiza kuti njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito mlingo wokhazikika zingachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo popanda kuwononga zokolola. Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi, njira zogwiritsira ntchito mlingo wokhazikika zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri poletsa matenda obwera chifukwa cha arthropod pomwe nthawi yomweyo zimathandizira kuti tizilombo topindulitsa tipulumuke.
Tinachita kafukufuku wa mabuku kuti tidziwe momwe mapulogalamu oletsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ali ndi malire amakhudzira ulimi. Mabuku ofalitsidwa adatengedwa kuchokera ku Web of Science ndi Google Scholar (Chithunzi 1). Tinagwiritsanso ntchito njira yosakanikirana, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezera kuti tiwongolere kuyimira ndi kufalikira kwa deta.
Zolemba zinazindikirika kudzera mu kufufuza kwa database ndi magwero ena, zinafufuzidwa kuti zione ngati zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zapezeka, zinayesedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe zapezeka, ndipo pamapeto pake zinachepetsedwa kufika pa maphunziro 126, omwe anaphatikizidwa mu kusanthula komaliza kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu.
Si maphunziro onse omwe adanena za njira ndi kusiyana; chifukwa chake, tinawerengera kuchuluka kwa kusiyana kwapakati kuti tiyerekeze kusiyana kwa chipika.^{chiŵerengero.25}Pa maphunziro omwe ali ndi kupotoka kosadziwika bwino, tidagwiritsa ntchito Equation 4 kuti tiyerekezere chiŵerengero cha log ndi Equation 5 kuti tiyerekezere kupotoka kofanana. Ubwino wa njira iyi ndikuti ngakhale kupotoka koyerekeza kwa lnRR kulibe, kumatha kuphatikizidwa mu meta-analysis powerengera kupotoka kosayenera pogwiritsa ntchito weighted mean coefficient of variation kuchokera ku maphunziro omwe amafotokoza za kupotoka koyenera.
Gome 1 likuwonetsa kuyerekezera kwa mfundo za ma ratio, zolakwika zofanana, nthawi zodzidalira, ndi ma p-values ​​​​pa muyeso uliwonse ndi kuyerekeza. Ma funnel plots adapangidwa kuti adziwe kupezeka kwa asymmetry pa miyeso yomwe ikukambidwa (Chithunzi Chowonjezera 1). Zithunzi Zowonjezera 2-7 zikuwonetsa kuyerekezera kwa miyeso yomwe ikukambidwa mu kafukufuku aliyense.
Zambiri zokhudza kapangidwe ka kafukufukuyu zikupezeka mu chidule cha lipoti la Nature Portfolio chomwe chili munkhaniyi.
Kusanthula kwathu kukuwonetsa kuti mapulogalamu oyang'anira mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ali ndi malire okhazikika amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso ndalama zina zogwirizana nawo, koma sizikudziwika ngati opanga ulimi amapinduladi ndi zimenezi. Maphunziro omwe adaphatikizidwa mu meta-analysis yathu adasiyana kwambiri m'matanthauzidwe awo a mapulogalamu "okhazikika" oyang'anira mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuyambira machitidwe am'deralo mpaka mapulogalamu osavuta a kalendala. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira zabwino zomwe timapereka pano sizingawonetse bwino zomwe opanga adakumana nazo. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale tidalemba za ndalama zambiri zomwe zasungidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, maphunziro oyamba nthawi zambiri sanaganizire za ndalama zowunikira m'munda. Chifukwa chake, phindu lonse lazachuma la mapulogalamu oyang'anira mankhwala okhazikika lingakhale lotsika pang'ono kuposa zotsatira za kusanthula kwathu. Komabe, maphunziro onse omwe adanena za ndalama zowunikira m'munda adalemba za kuchepa kwa ndalama zopangira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ndalama zophera tizilombo.
Magawo azachuma ali ndi gawo lalikulu mu lingaliro la kasamalidwe ka tizilombo tosakanikirana (IPM), ndipo ofufuza akhala akunena kwa nthawi yayitali za ubwino wa mapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ali ndi malire. Kafukufuku wathu wasonyeza kuti kulamulira tizilombo tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo n'kofunika kwambiri m'machitidwe ambiri, chifukwa 94% ya maphunziro akusonyeza kuchepa kwa zokolola popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.