Kugawa phindu kwa makampani ophera tizilombo "kumwetulira pamapindikira": kukonzekera 50%, pakati 20%, mankhwala oyambira 15%, ntchito 15%

Mndandanda wamakampani opanga zinthu zoteteza zomera ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: "zopangira - zapakati - mankhwala oyambirira - kukonzekera".Kumtunda ndi mafakitale amafuta/mankhwala, omwe amapereka zida zoteteza zomera, makamaka zopangira ma inorganic mankhwala monga phosphorous yachikasu ndi klorini yamadzi, komanso zida zoyambira organic monga methanol ndi "tribenzene".

Makampani apakati makamaka amaphatikizapo mankhwala apakatikati komanso ogwira ntchito.Pakati ndi maziko kupanga mankhwala yogwira, ndi osiyana yogwira mankhwala amafuna intermediates osiyana mu kupanga ndondomeko, amene akhoza kugawidwa mu fluorine munali intermediates, cyano munali intermediates, ndi heterocyclic intermediates.Mankhwala oyambirira ndi mankhwala omaliza opangidwa ndi zosakaniza zogwira ntchito ndi zonyansa zomwe zimapezeka popanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Malinga ndi chinthu chowongolera, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu ophera udzu, ophera tizilombo, fungicides ndi zina zotero.

Makampani omwe ali m'munsi kwambiri amakhala ndi mankhwala.Chifukwa cha insoluble m'madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza yogwira, ambiri yogwira mankhwala sangathe ntchito mwachindunji, ayenera kuwonjezera zoyenera zina (monga solvents, emulsifiers, dispersants, etc.) kukonzedwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana mlingo, ntchito. mu ulimi, nkhalango, kuweta ziweto, thanzi ndi zina.

01Kukula kwa msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku China

Mankhwala ophera tizilombomakampani apakati ali pakati pa unyolo wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana amawongolera kafukufuku wakutsogolo wamankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi chitukuko ndi njira zogulitsira zokonzekera ma terminal, ambiri apakati ndi othandizira amasankha kugula kuchokera ku China, India ndi mayiko ena, China. ndipo India akhala malo akuluakulu opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso othandizira padziko lonse lapansi.

Kutulutsa kwapakati pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku China kunakhalabe ndi chiwopsezo chochepa, ndikukula kwapakati pachaka kwa 1.4% kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2023. Mabizinesi aku China omwe ali ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ndondomekoyi, ndipo chiwopsezo chonse chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi chochepa.Mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa ku China amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zamakampani opanga mankhwala, koma apakatikati ena amafunikabe kutumizidwa kunja.Ena amapangidwa ku China, koma kuchuluka kwake kapena mtundu wake sungathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zopanga;Gawo lina la China silinathebe kupanga.

Kuchokera mu 2017, kufunikira kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku China kwatsika kwambiri, ndipo kuchepa kwa msika ndikocheperako poyerekeza ndi kuchepa kwa kufunikira.Makamaka chifukwa chokhazikitsa ziro-kukula kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi feteleza, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi kupanga mankhwala osaphika ku China kwachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo kufunikira kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwachepetsedwa kwambiri.Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zoletsa zoteteza chilengedwe, mtengo wamsika wamankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo unakwera kwambiri mu 2017, zomwe zidapangitsa kukula kwa msika wamakampani kukhala wokhazikika, ndipo mtengo wamsika unatsika pang'onopang'ono kuyambira 2018 mpaka 2019 pomwe zoperekerazo zidabwereranso mwakale.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pofika chaka cha 2022, msika wapakati wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku China ndi pafupifupi 68.78 biliyoni, ndipo mtengo wamsika uli pafupifupi 17,500 yuan/ton.

02Kukula kwa msika wokonzekera mankhwala ku China

Kugawidwa kwa phindu kwa makampani ophera tizilombo kumapereka mawonekedwe a "kumwetulira kopindika": zokonzekera zimakhala 50%, zapakati 20%, mankhwala oyambilira 15%, ntchito 15%, ndipo kugulitsa kokonzekera komaliza ndiye njira yopezera phindu, yokhala ndi malo okwanira. kugawa phindu lamakampani opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Poyerekeza ndi kupanga mankhwala oyambirira, omwe akugogomezera teknoloji yopanga ndi kuwongolera mtengo, kukonzekera kuli pafupi ndi msika wotsiriza, ndipo luso la bizinesi ndilokwanira.

Kuphatikiza pa kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi chitukuko, gawo la zokonzekera limagogomezeranso njira ndi zomanga zamtundu, ntchito zogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa, komanso miyeso yosiyanasiyana yopikisana komanso mtengo wowonjezera.Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa zero-kukula kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi feteleza, kufunikira kokonzekera mankhwala ku China kukupitilirabe kuchepa, zomwe zakhudza mwachindunji kukula kwa msika komanso kuthamanga kwamakampani.Pakalipano, kuchepa kwa kufunikira kwa China kwachititsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu la kuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zawonjezeranso mpikisano wamsika ndikusokoneza phindu la mabizinesi ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale.

Kuchuluka kwa katundu waku China komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kugulitsa kunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zochulukirapo.Kuyambira 2020 mpaka 2022, kutumiza kunja kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku China kudzasintha, kusintha ndikuwongolera pakukwera ndi kutsika.Mu 2023, kuchuluka kwa kukonzekera kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku China kunali madola 974 miliyoni aku US, chiwonjezeko cha 1.94% munthawi yomweyi chaka chatha, ndipo maiko omwe amatengera kunja anali Indonesia, Japan ndi Germany.Zogulitsa kunja zidakwana $8.087 biliyoni, kutsika ndi 27.21% chaka ndi chaka, pomwe malo omwe amatumiza kunja ndi Brazil (18.3%), Australia ndi United States.70% -80% ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku China amatumizidwa kunja, zomwe zikugulitsidwa pamsika wapadziko lonse ziyenera kugayidwa, ndipo mtengo wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo watsika kwambiri, chomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opangira mankhwala kunja. 2023.