Karl Dirks, yemwe anabzala malo okwana maekala 1,000 ku Mount Joy, Pennsylvania, wakhala akumva za kukwera kwa mitengo ya glyphosate ndi glufosinate, koma alibe mantha ndi izi. Iye anati: “Ndikuganiza kuti mtengowo udzikonza wokha. Mitengo yokwera imakhala yokwera kwambiri. Sindikudandaula kwambiri. Ndine m'gulu la anthu omwe sada nkhawa, koma osamala pang'ono. Tipeza njira. ”
Komabe, Chip Bowling, yemwe wabzala maekala 275 a chimanga ndi maekala 1,250 a soya ku Newberg, Maryland, alibe chiyembekezo chotere. Posachedwapa adayesa kuyitanitsa glyphosate kuchokera ku R&D Cross, wogawa mbewu wamba ndi zolowetsa, koma wogawayo sanathe kupereka mtengo kapena tsiku loperekera. Malinga ndi Bowling, kugombe lakum'mawa, akhala akukolola zambiri (kwa zaka zingapo zotsatizana). Koma zaka zingapo zilizonse, padzakhala zaka zomwe zimakhala ndi zotulutsa zochepa kwambiri. Ngati chilimwe chamawa chidzakhala chotentha komanso chouma, alimi ena akhoza kuwononga kwambiri.
Mitengo ya glyphosate ndi glufosinate (Ufulu) yadutsa kukwera kwa mbiriyakale chifukwa cha kupitirizabe kufooka ndipo palibe kusintha komwe kumayembekezeredwa kumapeto kwa masika.
Malinga ndi a Dwight Lingenfelter, katswiri wa udzu ku University of Penn State, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa izi, kuphatikiza mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mliri watsopano wa chibayo, kulephera kukumba miyala ya phosphate yokwanira kupanga glyphosate, Container ndi nkhani zosungira, komanso kutseka ndi kutsegulidwanso kwa chomera chachikulu cha Bayer CropScience ku Louisiana chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho ya Ida.
Lingenfelter akukhulupirira kuti: “Izi zimayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana panopa.” Ananenanso kuti glyphosate yomwe cholinga chake ndi $12.50 pa galoni mu 2020 tsopano ikufuna $35 mpaka $40. Glufosinate-ammonium, yomwe inalipo pa US $ 33 mpaka US $ 34 pa galoni panthawiyo, tsopano ikupempha ndalama zokwana US $ 80. Ngati muli ndi mwayi woyitanitsa mankhwala ophera udzu, khalani okonzeka kudikirira.
"Anthu ena amaganiza kuti ngati dongosolo likhoza kufika, likhoza kufika mpaka June chaka chamawa kapena nthawi yotentha. Pankhani ya kupha udzu, izi ndizovuta. Ndikuganiza kuti apa ndi pamene ife tiri tsopano. M'mikhalidwe, ndikofunikira kuganizira mozama zomwe zingachitike kuti tisunge zinthu," adatero Lingenfelter. Kuperewera kwa "udzu awiri" kungayambitse kusowa kwa 2,4-D kapena clethodim. Clethodim ndi chisankho chodalirika chowongolera udzu.
Kuperekedwa kwa zinthu za glyphosate kuli kodzaza ndi kusatsimikizika
Ed Snyder wa Snyder's Crop Service ku Mount Joy, Pennsylvania, adati sakhulupirira kuti kampani yake idzakhala ndi glyphosate kumapeto kwa masika.
Snyder ananena kuti umu ndi mmene ankauzira makasitomala ake. Sakanatha kutchula tsiku loyerekeza. Sindingathe kulonjeza kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe mungapeze. Ananenanso kuti popanda glyphosate, makasitomala ake amatha kusinthana ndi mankhwala ena odziwika bwino, monga Gramoxone (paraquat). Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti ma premixes amtundu wokhala ndi glyphosate, monga Halex GT ya post-emergency, akupezekabe ambiri.
Shawn Miller wa Melvin Weaver and Sons adati mtengo wa mankhwala ophera udzu wakwera kwambiri. Iye wakhala akukambitsirana ndi makasitomala za mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri umene iwo ali okonzeka kulipira pa malonda ndi momwe angachulukitsire mtengo wa herbicide pa galoni imodzi akalandira katunduyo. mtengo.
Miller sangavomereze ngakhale madongosolo a 2022, chifukwa zinthu zonse zimagulidwa pamtengo wotumizira, zomwe ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe zingagulitsidwe pasadakhale m'mbuyomu. Komabe, amakhulupirirabe kuti masika akabwera, zinthu zidzawonekera, ndipo amapemphera kuti zikhale chonchi. Iye anati: “Sitingathe kuyika mtengo chifukwa sitikudziwa komwe mtengo wake uli. Aliyense akuda nkhawa nazo.”
Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a herbicide mochepa
Kwa omwe alimi omwe ali ndi mwayi wopeza zinthu kumayambiriro kwa masika, Lingenfelter akuwonetsa kuti ayenera kuganizira momwe angasungire zinthu kapena kuyesa njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ananenanso kuti m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito 32-ounce Roundup Powermax, ndi bwino kuchepetsa mpaka 22 ounces. Kuonjezera apo, ngati chakudya chili chochepa, nthawi yopopera mankhwala iyenera kuzindikiridwa-kaya ndi yopha kapena kupopera mbewu.
Kusiya mitundu ya soya ya mainchesi 30 ndikusintha mitundu 15 inchi kungapangitse kuti denga likhale lolimba ndikupikisana ndi udzu. Zoonadi, kukonzekera nthaka nthawi zina kumakhala njira, koma zisanachitike, zofooka zake ziyenera kuganiziridwa: kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wamafuta, kutayika kwa nthaka, ndi kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yaitali osalima.
Lingenfelter adati kufufuza ndikofunikanso, monga kuwongolera zoyembekeza za gawo lomwe liri langwiro.
Iye anati: “M’chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri zikubwerazi, tikhoza kuona minda yaudzu. "Kwa namsongole wina, khalani okonzeka kuvomereza kuti kuwongolera kuli pafupifupi 70% m'malo mwa 90% yapitayo."
Koma lingaliro ili lilinso ndi zovuta zake. Lingenfelter adanena kuti udzu wochuluka umatanthauza kuti zokolola zocheperapo ndipo udzu wovuta kudzakhala wovuta kuuthetsa. Polimbana ndi mipesa ya amaranth ndi amaranth, 75% kuwongolera udzu sikokwanira. Kwa shamrock kapena red root quinoa, kuwongolera 75% kungakhale kokwanira. Mtundu wa namsongole ndiwo udzatsimikizira kukula kwa kuwongolera mopepuka pa iwo.
Gary Snyder wa Nutrien, yemwe amagwira ntchito ndi alimi pafupifupi 150 kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Pennsylvania, adanena kuti mosasamala kanthu kuti mankhwala a herbicide afika, kaya ndi glyphosate kapena glufosinate, adzagawidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala.
Iye adati alimi awonjezere kusankha kwawo mankhwala ophera udzu m’nyengo ya masika ndikumalizitsa ndondomeko mwachangu kuti udzu usakhale vuto lalikulu pobzala. Iye akulangiza alimi omwe sanasankhepo mbewu za chimanga kuti agule mbewu zokhala ndi ma genetic abwino kuti athetse udzu.
“Vuto lalikulu ndi mbewu zoyenera. Utsi msanga. Samalani namsongole mu mbewu. Zogulitsa zomwe zidatuluka m'ma 1990 zidakalipo, ndipo izi zitha kuchitika. Njira zonse ziyenera kuganiziridwa," adatero Snyder.
Bowling adati azisamalira zosankha zonse. Ngati mitengo ya zipangizo, kuphatikizapo mankhwala ophera udzu, ipitilila kukwera ndipo mitengo ikukanika, akonza zosintha minda yambiri ndi soya, chifukwa soya ndi wotsika mtengo. Akhozanso kusintha minda yambiri kuti amere udzu.
Lingenfelter akuyembekeza kuti alimi sadzadikira mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena masika kuti ayambe kulabadira nkhaniyi. Iye anati: “Ndikukhulupirira kuti aliyense aiganizira mozama nkhaniyi. Ndili ndi nkhawa kuti panthawiyo anthu ambiri adzakhala atadzidzimuka. Iwo akuganiza kuti pofika mwezi wa March chaka chamawa, adzaitanitsa kwa wogulitsa ndipo adzatha kutenga galimoto yodzaza ndi mankhwala ophera udzu kapena ophera tizilombo tsiku lomwelo. . Ndikaganizira zimenezi, mwina anangoponya maso.”
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-15-2021