Kusintha kwanyengo ndi kukwera msanga kwa chiwerengero cha anthu zakhala zovuta zazikulu pachitetezo cha chakudya padziko lonse lapansi.Njira imodzi yodalirika ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchitozowongolera kukula kwa zomera(PGRs) kuti achulukitse zokolola komanso kuthana ndi mikhalidwe yosakula bwino monga nyengo zachipululu.Posachedwapa, carotenoid zaxinone ndi ma analogue ake awiri (MiZax3 ndi MiZax5) awonetsa ntchito yolimbikitsa yolimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu za phala ndi masamba pansi pa kutentha ndi kumunda.Apa, tidafufuzanso zotsatira za kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana kwa MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 (5 μM ndi 10 μM mu 2021; 2.5 μM ndi 5 μM mu 2022) pakukula ndi zokolola za mbewu ziwiri zamtengo wapatali ku Cambodia: mbatata ndi Saudi Arabia. sitiroberi.Arabia.M'mayesero asanu odziyimira pawokha kuyambira 2021 mpaka 2022, kugwiritsa ntchito MiZax kumathandizira kwambiri kakhalidwe kazakudya, zokolola komanso zokolola zonse.Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti MiZax imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyeso yotsika kwambiri kuposa humic acid (yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazamalonda yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pano poyerekeza).Chifukwa chake, zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti MiZax ndiwowongolera kukula kwa mbewu zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa kukula ndi zokolola za mbewu zamasamba ngakhale m'chipululu komanso m'malo otsika kwambiri.
Malinga ndi bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organisation la United Nations (FAO), njira zathu zopangira chakudya ziyenera kuchulukitsa pafupifupi katatu pofika chaka cha 2050 kuti zidyetse anthu omwe akukula padziko lonse lapansi (FAO: Dziko lapansi lidzafunika 70% chakudya chochulukirapo pofika 20501).M'malo mwake, kukwera kwachangu kwa anthu, kuwononga chilengedwe, kusuntha kwa tizilombo komanso makamaka kutentha kwambiri ndi chilala chobwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo ndizovuta zomwe zimayang'anizana ndi chitetezo cha chakudya padziko lonse2.Pachifukwa ichi, kuchulukitsa zokolola zaulimi m'malo osakwanira ndi njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli.Komabe, kukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera makamaka zimadalira kupezeka kwa zakudya m'nthaka ndipo zimalepheretsedwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zoipa za chilengedwe, kuphatikizapo chilala, salinity kapena biotic stress3,4,5.Zopanikizikazi zimatha kusokoneza thanzi ndi chitukuko cha mbewu ndipo pamapeto pake zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa zokolola6.Kuphatikiza apo, madzi ocheperako amakhudza kwambiri ulimi wothirira mbewu, pomwe kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi kumachepetsa malo olimako komanso zochitika monga mafunde otentha amachepetsa zokolola7,8.Kutentha kwakukulu kumakhala kofala m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo Saudi Arabia.Kugwiritsa ntchito ma biostimulants kapena zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu (PGRs) ndikothandiza kufupikitsa kakulidwe kakukula ndikukulitsa zokolola.Itha kupititsa patsogolo kulimba kwa mbewu ndikupangitsa kuti mbewu zizitha kuthana ndi mikhalidwe yosavomerezeka9.Pachifukwa ichi, ma biostimulants ndi owongolera kukula kwa mbewu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuti apititse patsogolo kukula kwa mbewu ndi zokolola10,11.
Carotenoids ndi tetraterpenoids zomwe zimagwiranso ntchito monga phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) ndi strigolactone (SL) 12,13,14, komanso olamulira omwe atulukira posachedwa zaxinone, anorene ndi cyclocitral15,16,17,18,19.Komabe, ma metabolites enieni enieni, kuphatikizapo opangidwa ndi carotenoid, ali ndi magwero achilengedwe ochepa komanso/kapena osakhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yawo yachindunji ikhale yovuta.Chifukwa chake, pazaka zingapo zapitazi, ma analogue / mimetics angapo a ABA ndi SL apangidwa ndikuyesedwa pazaulimi20,21,22,23,24,25.Mofananamo, posachedwapa tapanga mimetics ya zaxinone (MiZax), metabolite yolimbikitsa kukula yomwe ingakhale ndi zotsatira zake mwa kupititsa patsogolo kagayidwe ka shuga ndikuwongolera SL homeostasis mu mizu ya mpunga19,26.Ma mimetics a zaxinone 3 (MiZax3) ndi MiZax5 (mapangidwe amankhwala omwe awonetsedwa pachithunzi 1A) adawonetsa zochitika zamoyo zofananira ndi zaxinone m'mitengo ya mpunga wamtchire yomwe imabzalidwa ndi hydroponically ndi dothi26.Kuphatikiza apo, kuchiza phwetekere, kanjedza, tsabola wobiriwira ndi dzungu ndi zaxinone, MiZax3 ndi MiZx5 kumathandizira kukula kwa mbewu ndi zokolola, mwachitsanzo, zokolola za tsabola ndi mtundu wake, pansi pa wowonjezera kutentha komanso malo otseguka, zomwe zikuwonetsa udindo wawo monga biostimulants ndi kugwiritsa ntchito PGR27..Chosangalatsa ndichakuti MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 idathandiziranso kulolerana kwa mchere wa tsabola wobiriwira wobzalidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yamchere, ndipo MiZax3 idakulitsa zipatso za zinki zitakutidwa ndi zinc-organic frameworks7,28.
(A) Zomangamanga za MiZax3 ndi MiZax5.(B) Mphamvu ya kupopera mbewu kwa masamba a MZ3 ndi MZ5 pamlingo wa 5 µM ndi 10 µM pa mbewu za mbatata pansi pa malo otseguka.Kuyesera kudzachitika mu 2021. Deta imaperekedwa ngati ± SD.n≥15.Kusanthula kwachiwerengero kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yowunikira kusiyana (ANOVA) ndi mayeso a post hoc a Tukey.Nyenyezi zimasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi kuyerekezera (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, osati kofunika).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Mu ntchitoyi, tidayesa MiZax (MiZax3 ndi MiZax5) pamasamba atatu (5 µM ndi 10 µM mu 2021 ndi 2.5 µM ndi 5 µM mu 2022) ndikufanizira iwo ndi mbatata (Solanum tuberosum L).Wowongolera kukula kwa malonda a humic acid (HA) adafanizidwa ndi sitiroberi (Fragaria ananassa) m'mayesero a sitiroberi wowonjezera kutentha mu 2021 ndi 2022 komanso m'mayesero anayi akumunda ku Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, dera lomwe lili m'chipululu.Ngakhale HA ndi biostimulant yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yomwe ili ndi zopindulitsa zambiri, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa michere m'nthaka komanso kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu powongolera ma hormonal homeostasis, zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti MiZax ndiyabwino kuposa HA.
Mbatata zamitundumitundu ya Diamondi zidagulidwa ku Jabbar Nasser Al Bishi Trading Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Mbande zamitundu iwiri ya sitiroberi "Sweet Charlie" ndi "Festival" ndi humic acid zidagulidwa ku Modern Agritech Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Zomera zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ntchitoyi zikugwirizana ndi Ndondomeko ya IUCN pa Kafukufuku Wokhudza Zamoyo Zomwe Zili Pangozi ndi Pangano la Malonda a Zamoyo Zakuthengo ndi Zomera Zakuthengo.
Malo oyeserera ali ku Hada Al-Sham, Saudi Arabia (21°48′3″N, 39°43′25″E).Dothi ndi loam mchenga, pH 7.8, EC 1.79 dcm-130.Malo a nthaka akuwonetsedwa mu Supplementary Table S1.
Mbeu zitatu za sitiroberi (Fragaria x ananassa D. var. Phwando) mbande pamasamba enieni adagawidwa m'magulu atatu kuti ayese zotsatira za kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 10 μM MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 pa kukula ndi nthawi yamaluwa pansi pamikhalidwe yobiriwira.Kupopera masamba ndi madzi (omwe ali ndi 0.1% acetone) adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chachitsanzo.Zopopera za MiZax foliar zidayikidwa kasanu ndi kawiri pakadutsa sabata imodzi.Zoyeserera ziwiri zodziyimira pawokha zidachitika pa Seputembara 15 ndi 28, 2021, motsatana.Mlingo woyambira wa aliyense pawiri ndi 50 ml ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa mlingo womaliza wa 250 ml.Kwa milungu iwiri yotsatizana, chiwerengero cha zomera zamaluwa chinalembedwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo chiwerengero cha maluwa chinawerengedwa kumayambiriro kwa sabata lachinayi.Kuti mudziwe za kukula, chiwerengero cha masamba, cholemera mwatsopano ndi chowuma, malo onse a masamba, ndi chiwerengero cha stolons pa chomera chinayesedwa kumapeto kwa gawo la kukula komanso kumayambiriro kwa gawo la kubereka.Dera la masamba limayezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mita ya tsamba ndipo zitsanzo zatsopano zidawumitsidwa mu uvuni wa 100 ° C kwa maola 48.
Mayesero aŵiri a m’munda anachitidwa: kulima koyambirira ndi mochedwa.Ma tubers a mbatata amtundu wa "Diamant" amabzalidwa mu Novembala ndi February, nthawi yoyambirira komanso mochedwa kucha, motsatana.Ma Biostimulants (MiZax-3 ndi -5) amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu a 5.0 ndi 10.0 µM (2021) ndi 2.5 ndi 5.0 µM (2022).Utsi humic acid (HA) 1 g/l kasanu pa sabata.Madzi kapena acetone amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuwongolera koyipa.Mapangidwe a mayeso am'munda akuwonetsedwa mu (Supplementary Figure S1).Mapangidwe opangidwa mwachisawawa (RCBD) okhala ndi chiwembu cha 2.5 m × 3.0 m adagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kumunda.Aliyense mankhwala anabwerezedwa katatu monga replicates palokha.Mtunda pakati pa chiwembu chilichonse ndi 1.0 m, ndipo mtunda wapakati pa chipika chilichonse ndi 2.0 m.Mtunda pakati pa zomera ndi 0,6 m, mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ndi 1 m.Mbatata imathiriridwa tsiku lililonse ndi kudontha pamlingo wa malita 3.4 pa dontho lililonse.Dongosololi limayenda kawiri pa tsiku kwa mphindi 10 nthawi iliyonse kuti lipereke madzi ku zomera.Njira zonse zolimbikitsira za agrotechnical zokulitsira mbatata nthawi yachilala zidagwiritsidwa ntchito31.Miyezi inayi mutabzala, kutalika kwa mbewu (masentimita), kuchuluka kwa nthambi pa chomera chilichonse, kapangidwe ka mbatata ndi zokolola zake, komanso kuchuluka kwa tuber kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika.
Mbande zamitundu iwiri ya sitiroberi (Sweet Charlie ndi Phwando) zidayesedwa pansi pamikhalidwe yamunda.Biostimulants (MiZax-3 ndi -5) ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba opopera pa ndende ya 5.0 ndi 10.0 µM (2021) ndi 2.5 ndi 5.0 µM (2022) kasanu ndi katatu pa sabata.Gwiritsani ntchito 1 g ya HA pa lita imodzi ngati kutsitsi kwa foliar kofanana ndi MiZax-3 ndi -5, ndi kusakaniza kwa H2O control kapena acetone ngati kuwongolera koyipa.Mbande za sitiroberi zidabzalidwa pagawo la 2.5 x 3 m koyambirira kwa Novembala ndikutalikirana kwa mbewu kwa 0.6 m ndikutalikirana kwa mizere mita imodzi.Kuyesera kunachitika ku RCBD ndipo kunabwerezedwa katatu.Zomera zimathiriridwa kwa mphindi 10 tsiku lililonse nthawi ya 7:00 ndi 17:00 pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothirira kudontha yokhala ndi ma dripper otalikirana ndi 0.6 m ndipo okhala ndi mphamvu ya 3.4 L. Agrotechnical zigawo ndi zokolola zinayesedwa panthawi yakukula.Ubwino wa zipatso kuphatikizapo TSS (%), vitamini C32, acidity ndi phenolic mankhwala okwana33 anayesedwa ku Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Technology of King Abdulaziz University.
Deta imawonetsedwa ngati njira ndipo kusiyanasiyana kumawonetsedwa ngati zopatuka.Kufunika kwachiwerengero kudatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi ANOVA (njira imodzi ANOVA) kapena njira ziwiri ANOVA pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso ofananitsa angapo a Tukey pogwiritsa ntchito mulingo wotheka wa p <0.05 kapena mayeso a Student t okhala ndi michira iwiri kuti azindikire kusiyana kwakukulu (*p <0.05) , * *p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001).Kutanthauzira konse kwa ziwerengero kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa GraphPad Prism 8.3.0.Mabungwe adayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito principal component analysis (PCA), njira yowerengera ma multivariate, pogwiritsa ntchito phukusi la R 34.
Mu lipoti lapitalo, tidawonetsa ntchito yolimbikitsa kukula kwa MiZax pa 5 ndi 10 μM muzomera zamaluwa ndikuwongolera chizindikiro cha chlorophyll mu Soil Plant Assay (SPAD)27.Kutengera izi, tidagwiritsa ntchito zomwezo kuti tiwunikire zotsatira za MiZax pa mbatata, mbewu yofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, pamayesero am'munda m'malo achipululu mu 2021. Makamaka, tinali ndi chidwi choyesa ngati MiZax ingachulukitse kuchuluka kwa wowuma. , mapeto a photosynthesis.Ponseponse, kugwiritsa ntchito MiZax kumathandizira kukula kwa mbewu za mbatata poyerekeza ndi humic acid (HA), zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yayitali, zotsalira zazomera komanso nthambi zambiri (mkuyu 1B).Kuphatikiza apo, tidawona kuti 5 μM MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 idakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu, kuchuluka kwa nthambi, ndi biomass ya mbewu poyerekeza ndi 10 μM (Chithunzi 1B).Pamodzi ndi kukula bwino, MiZax idachulukitsanso zokolola, zoyesedwa ndi kuchuluka ndi kulemera kwa ma tubers omwe amakololedwa.Kupindula konseko sikunatchulidwe kwambiri pomwe MiZax idaperekedwa pagulu la 10 μM, kutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa amayenera kuperekedwa pazowonjezera pansipa (Chithunzi 1B).Kuonjezera apo, sitinawone kusiyana pakati pa magawo onse olembedwa pakati pa mankhwala a acetone (mock) ndi madzi (control), zomwe zikusonyeza kuti zotsatira za kukula kwa kusintha sizinayambidwe ndi zosungunulira, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi lipoti lathu lapitalo27.
Popeza nyengo yolima mbatata ku Saudi Arabia imakhala ndi kukhwima koyambirira komanso mochedwa, tidachita kafukufuku wachiwiri mchaka cha 2022 pogwiritsa ntchito kutsika kochepa (2.5 ndi 5 µM) panyengo ziwiri kuti tiwone momwe minda yotseguka imakhudzira nyengo (Supplementary Figure S2A).Monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa, ntchito zonse za 5 μM MiZax zinapanga zotsatira zolimbikitsa kukula mofanana ndi mayesero oyambirira: kukula kwa zomera, kuwonjezeka kwa nthambi, kuwonjezereka kwa biomass, ndi kuchuluka kwa tuber (mkuyu 2; Supplementary Fig. S3).Chofunika kwambiri, tinawona zotsatira zazikulu za PGRs pamagulu a 2.5 μM, pamene chithandizo cha GA sichinasonyeze zotsatira zomwe zinanenedweratu.Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti MiZax itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale m'malo otsika kuposa momwe amayembekezera.Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito MiZax kudakulitsanso kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwa ma tubers (Supplementary Figure S2B).Tinapezanso kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kulemera kwa tuber, koma chiwerengero cha 2.5 µM chinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyengo zonse zobzala;
Kuwunika kwa phenotypic kwa zomera za MiZax pazomera zoyamba kukhwima za mbatata m'munda wa KAU, zomwe zidachitika mu 2022. Deta imayimira ± kupatuka kokhazikika.n≥15.Kusanthula kwachiwerengero kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yowunikira kusiyana (ANOVA) ndi mayeso a post hoc a Tukey.Nyenyezi zimasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi kuyerekezera (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, osati kofunika).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Kuti mumvetse bwino zotsatira za chithandizo (T) ndi chaka (Y), njira ziwiri za ANOVA zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuza momwe amachitira (T x Y).Ngakhale ma biostimulants onse (T) adachulukitsa kwambiri kutalika kwa mbewu ya mbatata ndi biomass, MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 okha adachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa tuber ndi kulemera kwake, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mayankho amitundu iwiri amitundu iwiri ya MiZax anali ofanana (mkuyu 3)).Kuonjezera apo, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo nyengo (https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/saudi-arabia/jeddah/climate) imatentha (pafupifupi 28 °C ndi chinyezi 52% (2022), zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri wonse tuber zotsalira zazomera (mkuyu. 2; Supplementary mkuyu. S3).
Phunzirani zotsatira za mankhwala a 5 µm (T), chaka (Y) ndi kuyanjana kwawo (T x Y) pa mbatata.Deta imayimira ± kupatuka kokhazikika.n ≥ 30. Kusanthula kwachiwerengero kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zowonongeka (ANOVA).Nyenyezi zimasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi kuyerekezera (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, osati kofunika).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Komabe, chithandizo cha Myzax chinkakondabe kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera zochedwa kukhwima.Ponseponse, zoyeserera zathu zitatu zodziyimira pawokha zidawonetsa mosakayikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito MiZax kumakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe ka mbewu powonjezera kuchuluka kwa nthambi.Ndipotu, panali mgwirizano waukulu wa njira ziwiri pakati pa (T) ndi (Y) pa chiwerengero cha nthambi pambuyo pa chithandizo cha MiZax (mkuyu 3).Chotsatirachi chikugwirizana ndi ntchito yawo monga owongolera olakwika a strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis26.Kuphatikiza apo, tawonetsa kale kuti mankhwala a Zaxinone amayambitsa kuchuluka kwa wowuma mumizu ya mpunga35, zomwe zingafotokozere kukula ndi kulemera kwa ma tubers a mbatata pambuyo pa mankhwala a MiZax, popeza ma tubers amapangidwa makamaka ndi wowuma.
Mbewu za zipatso ndi zofunika zachuma zomera.Strawberries amakhudzidwa ndi zovuta za abiotic monga chilala komanso kutentha kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, tidafufuza zotsatira za MiZax pa sitiroberi popopera mbewu mankhwalawa masamba.Tidapereka koyamba MiZax pagulu la 10 µM kuti tiwunikire momwe zimakhudzira kukula kwa sitiroberi (Chikondwerero cha cultivar).Chochititsa chidwi, tidawona kuti MiZax3 idachulukitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ma stolons, omwe amafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa nthambi, pomwe MiZax5 idakulitsa maluwa, biomass yamaluwa, ndi malo amasamba pansi pamikhalidwe yowonjezera kutentha (Supplementary Figure S4), kutanthauza kuti mitundu iwiriyi imatha kusiyanasiyana mwachilengedwe.Zochitika 26,27.Kuti mumve zambiri zotsatira zake pa sitiroberi pansi pazaulimi weniweni, tidayesa kumunda pogwiritsa ntchito 5 ndi 10 μM MiZax ku zomera za sitiroberi (cv. Sweet Charlie) zomwe zimakula m'nthaka yamchenga mu 2021 (mkuyu. S5A).Poyerekeza ndi GC, sitinawone kuwonjezeka kwa zomera za zomera, koma tinapeza njira yowonjezera chiwerengero cha zipatso (mkuyu C6A-B).Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa MiZax kunapangitsa kuti chiwonjezeko chiwonjezeke cha kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi ndikulozera kudalira kwa ndende (Supplementary Figure S5B; Supplementary Figure S6B), kusonyeza mphamvu ya zowongolera zakukula kwa zomera pamtundu wa zipatso za sitiroberi zikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chipululu.mphamvu.
Kuti timvetsetse ngati kukula kumadalira mtundu wa cultivar, tidasankha mitundu iwiri ya sitiroberi yogulitsa ku Saudi Arabia (Sweet Charlie ndi Chikondwerero) ndipo tidachita maphunziro awiri akumunda mu 2022 pogwiritsa ntchito MiZax (2.5 ndi 5 µM).Kwa Sweet Charlie, ngakhale chiwerengero cha zipatso sichinachuluke kwambiri, zotsalira za zipatso nthawi zambiri zimakhala zapamwamba pa zomera zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi MiZax, ndipo chiwerengero cha zipatso pa chiwembu chinawonjezeka pambuyo pa chithandizo cha MiZax3 (mkuyu 4).Izi zikuwonetsanso kuti zochitika zachilengedwe za MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 zitha kusiyana.Kuonjezera apo, titatha kulandira chithandizo ndi Myzax, tinawona kuwonjezeka kwa zomera zatsopano ndi zowuma, komanso kutalika kwa mphukira za zomera.Ponena za kuchuluka kwa stolons ndi zomera zatsopano, tapeza kuwonjezeka kokha pa 5 μM MiZax (mkuyu 4), kusonyeza kuti kugwirizanitsa bwino kwa MiZax kumadalira mitundu ya zomera.
Zotsatira za MiZax pamapangidwe a zomera ndi zokolola za sitiroberi (zosiyanasiyana za Sweet Charlie) zochokera m'minda ya KAU, zomwe zidachitika mu 2022. Deta imayimira ± kupatuka kokhazikika.n ≥ 15, koma chiwerengero cha zipatso pa chiwembu chinawerengedwa pafupifupi kuchokera ku zomera 15 kuchokera ku ziwembu zitatu (n = 3).Kusanthula kwachiwerengero kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yowunikira kusiyana (ANOVA) ndi mayeso a post hoc a Tukey kapena mayeso a Student t okhala ndi michira iwiri.Nyenyezi zimasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi kuyerekezera (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, osati kofunika).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Tidawonanso ntchito yolimbikitsa yofananira yokhudzana ndi kulemera kwa zipatso ndi kumera kwa biomass mu sitiroberi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Chikondwerero (mkuyu 5), komabe, sitinapeze kusiyana kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha zipatso pa chomera chilichonse kapena chiwembu (mkuyu. 5);.Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito MiZax kunachulukitsa kutalika kwa zomera ndi chiwerengero cha stolons, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti olamulira akukula kwa zomera angagwiritsidwe ntchito popititsa patsogolo kukula kwa mbewu za zipatso (mkuyu 5).Kuonjezera apo, tinayeza magawo angapo a biochemical kuti timvetsetse ubwino wa zipatso za cultivars ziwiri zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumunda, koma sitinapeze kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa mankhwala onse (Supplementary Figure S7; Supplementary Figure S8).
Zotsatira za MiZax pamapangidwe a zomera ndi zokolola za sitiroberi m'munda wa KAU (zosiyanasiyana za Phwando), 2022. Deta imatanthawuza ± kupatuka kokhazikika.n ≥ 15, koma chiwerengero cha zipatso pa chiwembu chinawerengedwa pafupifupi kuchokera ku zomera 15 kuchokera ku ziwembu zitatu (n = 3).Kusanthula kwachiwerengero kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yowunikira kusiyana (ANOVA) ndi mayeso a post hoc a Tukey kapena mayeso a Student t okhala ndi michira iwiri.Nyenyezi zimasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi kuyerekezera (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, osati kofunika).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
M'maphunziro athu a sitiroberi, zochitika zachilengedwe za MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 zidakhala zosiyana.Tidayang'ana koyamba zotsatira za chithandizo (T) ndi chaka (Y) pamtundu womwewo (Sweet Charlie) pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri za ANOVA kuti tidziwe momwe amachitira (T x Y).Choncho, GA inalibe zotsatira pa cultivar sitiroberi (Sweet Charlie), pamene 5 μM MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 kwambiri anawonjezera zomera ndi zipatso biomass (mkuyu. 6), kusonyeza kuti njira ziwiri zogwirizana MiZax awiri ofanana kwambiri kulimbikitsa sitiroberi. .kupanga mbewu
Unikani zotsatira za mankhwala a 5 µM (T), chaka (Y) ndi kuyanjana kwawo (T x Y) pa sitiroberi (cv. Sweet Charlie).Deta imayimira ± kupatuka kokhazikika.n ≥ 30. Kusanthula kwachiwerengero kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zowonongeka (ANOVA).Nyenyezi zimasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi kuyerekezera (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, osati kofunika).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Kuphatikiza apo, poganizira kuti ntchito ya MiZax pamitundu iwiriyi inali yosiyana pang'ono (mkuyu 4; mkuyu.Choyamba, palibe chithandizo chomwe chinakhudza chiwerengero cha zipatso pa chiwembu (mkuyu 7), kusonyeza kuti palibe kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa (T x C) ndikuwonetsa kuti MiZax kapena HA sichithandizira chiwerengero chonse cha zipatso.Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, MiZax (koma osati HA) kwambiri kukula kwa zomera, kulemera kwa zipatso, stolons ndi zomera zatsopano (mkuyu. 7), kusonyeza kuti MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 kwambiri amalimbikitsa kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sitiroberi zomera.Kutengera njira ziwiri za ANOVA (T x Y) ndi (T x C), titha kunena kuti ntchito zolimbikitsa kukula kwa MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 pansi pamikhalidwe yakumunda ndizofanana kwambiri komanso sizisintha.
Kuwunika kwa chithandizo cha sitiroberi ndi 5 µM (T), mitundu iwiri (C) ndi kuyanjana kwake (T x C).Deta imayimira ± kupatuka kokhazikika.n ≥ 30, koma chiwerengero cha zipatso pa chiwembu chinawerengedwa pafupifupi kuchokera ku zomera 15 kuchokera ku ziwembu zitatu (n = 6).Kusanthula kwachiwerengero kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zowunikira kusiyana (ANOVA).Nyenyezi zimasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi kuyerekezera (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, osati kofunika).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Pomaliza, tinagwiritsa ntchito principal component analysis (PCA) kuti tione zotsatira za mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbatata (T x Y) ndi sitiroberi (T x C).Ziwerengerozi zikuwonetsa kuti chithandizo cha HA ndi chofanana ndi acetone mu mbatata kapena madzi mu sitiroberi (Chithunzi 8), zomwe zikuwonetsa zotsatira zochepa pakukula kwa mbewu.Chosangalatsa ndichakuti zotsatira zonse za MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 zidawonetsa kugawa komweko mu mbatata (Chithunzi 8A), pomwe kugawa kwazinthu ziwirizi mu sitiroberi kunali kosiyana (Chithunzi 8B).Ngakhale MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 adawonetsa kugawidwa kwabwino kwambiri pakukula kwa mbewu ndi zokolola, kusanthula kwa PCA kunawonetsa kuti ntchito yowongolera kukula ingadalirenso mitundu ya zomera.
Principal component analysis (PCA) ya (A) mbatata (T x Y) ndi (B) sitiroberi (T x C).Goletsani magulu onse awiri.Mzere wolumikiza chigawo chilichonse umatsogolera pakati pa masango.
Mwachidule, kutengera maphunziro athu asanu odziyimira pawokha a mbewu ziwiri zamtengo wapatali komanso mogwirizana ndi malipoti athu am'mbuyomu kuyambira 2020 mpaka 202226,27, MiZax3 ndi MiZax5 akulonjeza zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu zomwe zitha kukonza kukula ndi zokolola., kuphatikizirapo mbewu monga chimanga, mitengo yamitengo (deti kanjedza) ndi mbewu zapamunda wamaluwa26,27.Ngakhale kuti mamolekyu omwe amapitilira zochitika zawo zamoyo amakhalabe ovuta, ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito m'munda.Koposa zonse, poyerekeza ndi humic acid, MiZax imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono (micromolar kapena milligram level) ndipo zotsatira zake zabwino zimawonekera kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, timayerekeza mulingo wa MiZax3 pakugwiritsa ntchito (kuchokera kutsika mpaka kuchulukira): 3, 6 kapena 12 g/ha, ndi MiZx5: 4, 7 kapena 13 g/ha, kupangitsa kuti PGR iyi ikhale yothandiza pakukweza zokolola. .Ndizotheka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-29-2024