I. Katundu Waukulu waChlorantraniliprole
Mankhwalawandi choyambitsa nicotinic receptor (cha minofu). Chimayambitsa nicotinic receptor ya tizilombo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira za receptor zikhale zotseguka modabwitsa kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma calcium ions omwe amasungidwa mkati mwa maselo atuluke popanda malire. Dziwe la calcium limachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ifooke, ifa ziwalo, ndipo pamapeto pake imafa.
1. Mankhwalawa ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zophera tizilombo komanso amatha kulamulira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Amalamulira makamaka tizilombo ta lepidopteran ndipo amatha kusokoneza njira yoberekera tizilombo tina ta lepidopteran, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tomwe timayamwa mazira. Amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zabwino zowongolera tizilombo ta scarabaeid ndi tizilombo tofanana ndi aphid mu dongosolo la Hemiptera, tizilombo tofanana ndi aphid mu dongosolo la Hemiptera, tizilombo ta scale mu dongosolo la Homoptera, ndi ntchentche za zipatso mu dongosolo la Diptera. Komabe, ntchito yake ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa yolimbana ndi tizilombo ta lepidopteran ndipo iyenera kusankhidwa kutengera mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito.
2. Mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka kwa nyama zoyamwitsa ndi zamoyo zam'mimba. Ma nicotinic receptors a tizilombo ndi amtundu umodzi wokha, pomwe nyama zoyamwitsa zili ndi mitundu itatu ya nicotinic receptors, ndipo nicotinic receptors ya tizilombo sizifanana kwenikweni ndi ya nyama zoyamwitsa. Ntchito ya mankhwalawa motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyamwitsa toyamwitsa ndi yoposa nthawi 300 kuposa ya nyama zoyamwitsa, zomwe zimasonyeza kusankha kwakukulu komanso poizoni wochepa kwa nyama zoyamwitsa. Kuchuluka kwa poizoni komwe kumalembedwa ku China ndi poizoni pang'ono, ndipo ndikotetezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
3. Mankhwalawa ali ndi poizoni wochepa kwa mbalame, nsomba, nkhanu, ndi nyama zina zokhala ndi msana, ndipo ndi otetezeka ku zamoyo zothandiza monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zili m'chilengedwe. Komabe, ndi oopsa kwambiri ku nyongolotsi za silika.
4. Mankhwalawa amagwirizana kwambiri. Akhoza kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo osiyanasiyana monga methamidophos, avermectin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, indoxacarb, ndi cypermethrin-cyhalothrin kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi, zomwe zingakulitse mphamvu yolamulira, kuchedwetsa kukula kwa kukana, kuwonjezera liwiro la mphamvu yopha tizilombo, kukulitsa nthawi yotsala, kapena kuchepetsa mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito.
II. Njira Zazikulu Zogwiritsira Ntchito Chlorantraniliprole
1. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito: Gwiritsani ntchito pamene tizilombo tili aang'ono. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito pamene mazira akuswa kwambiri.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala motsatira malangizo omwe ali pa chizindikirocho. Pa kupopera, kupopera kapena kupopera pang'ono ndi kothandiza kwambiri.
3. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa zokolola zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyengo iliyonse komanso nthawi yotetezeka kutengera mbewu zomwe zalembetsedwa pa malondawo.
4. Kutentha kukakwera kwambiri ndipo nthunzi ikatuluka m'munda ikachuluka, sankhani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo isanafike 10 koloko m'mawa komanso pambuyo pa 4 koloko madzulo. Izi sizingochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zimawonjezera bwino kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amatengedwa ndi mbewu ndi kulowa kwawo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu ziwongolere bwino.
III. Malangizo Ogwiritsira NtchitoChlorantraniliprole
Ngakhale kutsatira malangizo onse okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa:
1. Mankhwala ophera tizilombowa ndi owopsa kwa tomato, biringanya, ndi zina zotero, ndipo angayambitse madontho, kufota, ndi zina zotero; mitengo ya citrus, peyala, mabulosi ndi mitengo ina ya zipatso imakhala yoopsa panthawi ya masamba atsopano komanso kukula kwa masamba, zomwe zingayambitse masamba kusanduka achikasu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipatso zikhale zazing'ono, zomwe zimakhudza zokolola ndi ubwino wa zipatso.
2. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo masiku a mphepo kapena pamene mvula ikuyembekezeka kugwa mkati mwa ola limodzi. Komabe, mankhwala ophera tizilombowa amalimbana ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka kwa mvula, ndipo ngati mvula itagwa maola awiri mutathira, sipafunika kuthiranso mankhwala ena.
3. Mankhwalawa ali m'gulu la Gulu 28 la Komiti Yoyang'anira Kukana Kupha Zilombo Padziko Lonse ndipo ndi mtundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kuti tipewe bwino kufalikira kwa kukana, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pa mbewu imodzi sikuyenera kupitirira nthawi ziwiri. Mu mibadwo ya tizilombo tomwe tikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano, ngati mankhwalawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse kawiri, tikukulimbikitsani kusinthana ndi mankhwala okhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito (kupatula Gulu 28) m'mibadwo yotsatira.
4. Chogulitsachi chimatha kusungunuka mosavuta m'malo okhala ndi alkaline ndipo sichingasakanizidwe ndi ma acid amphamvu kapena zinthu zokhala ndi alkaline yambiri.
5. Ndi poizoni kwambiri ku algae ndi nyongolotsi za silika. Nyumba ya nyongolotsi za silika ndi malo obzalamo mabulosi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, samalani kuti musawononge malo enaake kuti musatenge nyongolotsi za silika kuti musakokere pa masamba a mabulosi. N'koletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi ya maluwa a mbewu zomwe zimapanga timadzi tokoma komanso malo otulutsa mavu ndi adani ena achilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-26-2025