I. Katundu Waukulu waChlorantraniliprole
Mankhwalawandi nicotinic receptor activator (ya minofu). Imayatsa ma nicotinic receptors a tizirombo, kupangitsa kuti njira zolandirira zizikhala zotseguka kwanthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma ion a calcium asungidwe mopanda malire omwe amasungidwa m'maselo. Madzi a calcium amatha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ifooke, ziwalo, ndipo pamapeto pake imfa.
1. Mankhwalawa ali ndi zochita zambiri zowononga tizilombo komanso ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Imawongolera kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a lepidopteran ndipo imatha kusokoneza makwerero a tizilombo tina ta lepidopteran, kuchepetsa kuyika dzira kwa tizirombo tosiyanasiyana ta noctuid. Ilinso ndi zotsatira zabwino zowongolera tizirombo ta scarabaeid ndi tizirombo tomwe timafanana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba mu dongosolo la Hemiptera, tizilombo tofanana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba mu dongosolo la Hemiptera, tizilombo tambiri mu dongosolo la Homoptera, ndi ntchentche za zipatso mu dongosolo la Diptera. Komabe, ntchito yake ndiyotsika kwambiri kuposa yolimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a lepidopteran ndipo iyenera kusankhidwa potengera kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito.
2. Mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka kwa zinyama ndi zinyama. Mitsempha ya nicotinic ya tizilombo ndi mtundu umodzi wokha, pamene nyama zoyamwitsa zili ndi mitundu itatu ya nicotinic receptors, ndi nicotinic receptors za tizilombo ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zinyama. Ntchito ya mankhwalawa motsutsana ndi tizilombo ta nicotinic zolandilira ndi nthawi 300 ya nyama zoyamwitsa, kuwonetsa kusankhidwa kwakukulu komanso kawopsedwe otsika kwa nyama zoyamwitsa. Mulingo wake wapoizoni wolembetsedwa ku China ndiwowopsa pang'ono, ndipo ndi wotetezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
3. Mankhwalawa ali ndi kawopsedwe kakang'ono kwa mbalame, nsomba, shrimp, ndi zinyama zina zokhala ndi vertebrates, ndipo ndi otetezeka kwa zamoyo zopindulitsa monga ma parasitic ndi nyama zolusa m'chilengedwe. Komabe, ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa mbozi za silika.
4. Mankhwalawa ali ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu. Ikhoza kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana monga methamidophos, avermectin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, indoxacarb, ndi cypermethrin-cyhalothrin kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi, omwe amatha kuwonjezera kulamulira osiyanasiyana, kuchepetsa kukula kwa kukana, kupititsa patsogolo kuthamanga kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuchepetsa nthawi yotsalira, kapena kuchepetsa nthawi yotsalira.
II. Njira Zazikulu Zogwiritsira Ntchito Chlorantraniliprole
1. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito: Gwiritsani ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tidakali aang'ono. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito pa nthawi yomwe dzira likuswa.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito mosamalitsa motsatira malangizo omwe ali palembalo. Pogwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi misting kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri.
3. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa zomwe zatumizidwa panyengo iliyonse komanso nthawi yachitetezo potengera mbewu zomwe zidalembetsedwa.
4. Kutentha kukakhala kokwera komanso kutuluka kwa nthunzi m'munda kumakhala kofunikira, sankhani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo isanakwane 10 koloko m'mawa komanso pambuyo pa 4 koloko masana Izi sizingangochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kuwonjezera bwino kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amamwedwa ndi mbewu ndi kutulutsa kwawo, zomwe zimathandizira kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
III. Kusamala Pogwiritsa NtchitoChlorantraniliprole
Potsatira njira zodzitetezera pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuzindikirika mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa:
1. Mankhwalawa amakhudzidwa ndi tomato, biringanya, ndi zina zotero, ndipo angayambitse mawanga, kufota, ndi zina zotero; Mitengo ya citrus, mapeyala, mabulosi ndi mitengo ina yazipatso imakhala yovuta kwambiri pamasamba atsopano komanso kukula kwa masamba, zomwe zingapangitse masamba kukhala achikasu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zipatso zing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimakhudza kukolola ndi ubwino wake.
2. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala pamasiku amphepo kapena pamene mvula ikuyembekezeka kugwa pasanathe ola limodzi. Komabe, mankhwalawa amalimbana ndi kukokoloka kwa mvula, ndipo mvula ikagwa patatha maola awiri kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, sipafunikanso kupopera mbewu zina.
3. Mankhwalawa amalembedwa ngati Gulu 28 la International Insecticide Resistance Management Committee ndipo ndi mtundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kupewa bwino zikamera kukana, ntchito mankhwala kwa mbewu imodzi sayenera upambana 2 zina. M'badwo wamakono wa tizilombo towononga, ngati mankhwalawa agwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosalekeza kwa maulendo awiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisinthane ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana (kupatula Gulu 28) mumbadwo wotsatira.
4. Mankhwalawa amatha kupatukana m'mikhalidwe yamchere ndipo sangathe kusakanikirana ndi asidi amphamvu kapena zinthu zamchere kwambiri.
5. Ndiwowopsa kwambiri ku ndere ndi nyongolotsi za silika. Nyumba ya mbozi za silika ndi malo obzala mabulosi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukamaigwiritsa ntchito, samalani kuti musamakhale ndi malo odzipatula ku nyongolotsi za silika kuti musatengeke pamasamba a mabulosi. Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yamaluwa ya mbewu zotulutsa timadzi tokoma komanso kumasulidwa kwa mavu a parasitic ndi adani ena achilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-26-2025