Zatsopano Zatsopano za Topramezone

Topramezone ndi mankhwala oyamba ophera udzu omwe adapangidwa ndi BASF pambuyo pa mbande m'minda ya chimanga, omwe ndi oletsa 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase (4-HPPD). Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2011, dzina la mankhwala "Baowei" lalembedwa ku China, zomwe zaphwanya zolakwika za chitetezo cha mankhwala ophera udzu wamba m'minda ya chimanga ndikukopa chidwi cha makampani.

Ubwino waukulu wa topramezone ndi chitetezo chake pa chimanga ndi mbewu zina, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mitundu yonse ya chimanga monga chimanga chokhazikika, chimanga chokoma, chimanga chotsekemera, chimanga chakumunda, ndi popcorn. Nthawi yomweyo, ili ndi mankhwala ambiri ophera udzu, imagwira ntchito kwambiri, komanso imatha kusakanikirana kwambiri, ndipo imalamulira bwino udzu womwe sulimbana ndi glyphosate, triazine, acetyllactate synthase (ALS), ndi acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase).

Malinga ndi malipoti, m'zaka zaposachedwa, pamene udzu wolimba m'minda ya chimanga wakhala wovuta kwambiri kuuletsa, phindu ndi mphamvu yolamulira ya mankhwala ophera udzu achikhalidwe a fodya ndi nitrate zachepa, ndipo makampani ophera tizilombo m'nyumba akuyang'ana kwambiri topramezone. Pamene chilolezo cha BASF chatha ku China (nambala ya patent ZL98802797.6 ya topramezone inatha pa Januware 8, 2018), njira yopezera mankhwala oyamba ikupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, ndipo msika wake udzatsegulidwa pang'onopang'ono.

Mu 2014, malonda apadziko lonse a topramezone anali madola 85 miliyoni aku US, ndipo mu 2017, malonda padziko lonse lapansi adakwera kufika pamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa madola 124 miliyoni aku US, omwe adakhala pa nambala 4 pakati pa mankhwala ophera udzu a HPPD (atatu apamwamba ndi nitrosulfuron, isoxacloprid, ndi cyclosulfuron). Kuphatikiza apo, makampani monga Bayer ndi Syngenta agwirizana kuti apange soya wolekerera HPPD, zomwe zathandizanso kuti malonda a topramezone akule. Poganizira kuchuluka kwa malonda padziko lonse lapansi, misika yayikulu yogulitsa ya topramezone ili m'maiko monga United States, Germany, China, India, Indonesia, ndi Mexico.