Msika wapadziko lonse wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba wakula kwambiri pamene kukula kwa mizinda kukuchulukirachulukira ndipo anthu akuyamba kudziwa bwino za thanzi ndi ukhondo. Kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo monga dengue fever ndi malungo kwawonjezera kufunikira kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mwachitsanzo, World Health Organization inanena kuti milandu yoposa 200 miliyoni ya malungo inanenedwa padziko lonse chaka chatha, zomwe zikusonyeza kufunika kwa njira zothanirana ndi tizilombo. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene mavuto a tizilombo akuchulukirachulukira, chiwerengero cha mabanja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo chawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo mayunitsi opitilira 1.5 biliyoni adagulitsidwa padziko lonse chaka chatha chokha. Kukula kumeneku kukuyendetsedwanso ndi anthu apakati omwe akukula, omwe akuyendetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe cholinga chake ndi kukweza moyo.
Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo ndi zatsopano kwathandiza kwambiri pakupanga msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba. Kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ndi ochezeka komanso osawononga chilengedwe kwakopa ogula omwe amasamala za chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochokera ku zomera atchuka kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zatsopano zoposa 50 zadzaza pamsika ndikulowa m'masitolo akuluakulu ku Europe ndi North America. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zanzeru zophera tizilombo monga misampha ya udzudzu yodzipangira yokha ikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo malonda apadziko lonse lapansi apitilira mayunitsi 10 miliyoni chaka chatha. Makampani ogulitsa pa intaneti nawonso akhudza kwambiri momwe msika umagwirira ntchito, pomwe malonda a pa intaneti a mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba akukwera ndi 20%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yofunika kwambiri yofalitsira.
Kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, Asia Pacific ikupitilizabe kukhala msika waukulu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu m'derali komanso chidziwitso chowonjezeka cha kupewa matenda. Derali lili ndi zoposa 40% ya gawo lonse la msika, ndipo India ndi China ndi omwe ali ndi ogula ambiri. Pakadali pano, Latin America yatuluka ngati msika womwe ukukula mwachangu, ndipo Brazil ikuwona kukula kwakukulu kwa kufunikira pamene ikupitilizabe kulimbana ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi udzudzu. Msikawu wawonanso kuwonjezeka kwa opanga akomweko, ndi makampani atsopano opitilira 200 omwe alowa mumakampaniwa m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi. Zonsezi pamodzi zikuwonetsa njira yokulirakulira kwa msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba, chifukwa cha luso, kusiyana kwa kufunikira m'madera osiyanasiyana, komanso kusintha kwa zomwe ogula amakonda.
Mafuta Ofunika: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ya Chilengedwe Kusintha Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo a Pakhomo Kukhala Tsogolo Lotetezeka Komanso Lobiriwira
Msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba ukusintha kwambiri kukhala njira zachilengedwe komanso zosawononga chilengedwe, ndipo mafuta ofunikira akukhala zosakaniza zomwe anthu amakonda. Izi zikuyendetsedwa ndi ogula omwe akuzindikira kwambiri za zotsatira za mankhwala opangidwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo wamba pa thanzi komanso chilengedwe. Mafuta ofunikira monga lemongrass, neem, ndi eucalyptus amadziwika kuti ndi othandiza pochotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale njira ina yokongola. Msika wa mafuta ofunikira padziko lonse lapansi wophera tizilombo ukuyembekezeka kufika US$1.2 biliyoni mu 2023, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti anthu amakonda kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe. Kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochokera ku mafuta ofunikira m'mizinda kwawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo malonda padziko lonse lapansi afika mayunitsi 150 miliyoni, zomwe zikusonyeza kusintha kwa zomwe ogula amakonda kupita ku njira zotetezeka komanso zokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zopitilira US$500 miliyoni zayikidwa mu kafukufuku ndi kupanga mafuta ofunikira, zomwe zikusonyeza kudzipereka kwa makampaniwa pakupanga zinthu zatsopano komanso chitetezo.
Kukopa kwa mafuta ofunikira pamsika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba kukukulirakulira pamene amapereka maubwino osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo fungo labwino komanso zinthu zopanda poizoni, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi moyo wa ogula amakono. Mu 2023, mabanja opitilira 70 miliyoni ku North America kokha adzasintha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa ndi mafuta ofunikira. Wogulitsa wamkulu adati malo osungiramo zinthuzi awonjezeka ndi 20%, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa msika wake. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yopanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa ndi mafuta ofunikira m'chigawo cha Asia Pacific idakwera ndi 30%, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa ogula komanso chithandizo chabwino cha malamulo. Mapulatifomu apaintaneti nawonso adachita gawo lofunika kwambiri, ndipo mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa ndi mafuta ofunikira opitilira 500,000 adayambitsidwa chaka chatha. Pamene msika ukupitilirabe kusintha, mafuta ofunikira akukonzekera kulamulira gawo la mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwawo bwino, chitetezo, komanso kugwirizana ndi kusintha kwapadziko lonse lapansi ku njira zothetsera mavuto amoyo wobiriwira.
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa ndi opanga amapanga 56% ya msika: akutsogolera padziko lonse lapansi polimbana ndi tizilombo chifukwa cha luso komanso kudalira ogula
Msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba ukukumana ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa, chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zapamwamba komanso kusinthasintha kwawo. Kufunika kumeneku kukuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zofunika, kuphatikizapo kuthekera kwawo kupha tizilombo tosiyanasiyana mwachangu ndikupereka chitetezo chokhalitsa chomwe njira zina zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri sizingathe. Chodziwika bwino ndi chakuti, mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa monga pyrethroids, organophosphates, ndi carbamates akhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri panyumba, ndipo mayunitsi opitilira 3 biliyoni agulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chatha chokha. Zinthuzi ndizodziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso kugwira ntchito bwino m'mizinda komwe kufalikira kwa tizilombo kumachitika kwambiri. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zomwe ogula amakonda, makampaniwa akulitsa mphamvu zawo zopangira, ndi mafakitale opanga oposa 400 padziko lonse lapansi omwe amadziwika bwino popanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa, kuonetsetsa kuti unyolo wopereka ndi kutumiza kwa ogula ndi wokhazikika.
Padziko lonse lapansi, mayankho pamsika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo topangidwa m'nyumba akhala abwino, ndipo mayiko monga US ndi China akutsogolera kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga pachaka kwa mayunitsi opitilira 50 miliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo topangidwa m'nyumba awona ndalama zambiri za R&D m'zaka zaposachedwa, zopitilira $2 biliyoni, ndi cholinga chopanga mankhwala otetezeka komanso oteteza chilengedwe. Kukula kwakukulu kukuphatikizapo kuyambitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa omwe amatha kuwola, omwe amachepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe popanda kuwononga magwiridwe antchito. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa makampaniwa kupita ku mayankho anzeru opaka, monga zidebe zoteteza ana komanso zachilengedwe, kukuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa chitetezo cha ogula komanso kukhazikika. Zatsopanozi zalimbikitsa kukula kwa msika mwamphamvu, ndipo makampani opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo akuyembekezeka kupanga ndalama zina za $1.5 biliyoni m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi. Pamene zinthuzi zikupitilira kulamulira msika, kuphatikiza kwawo mu njira zophatikizira zoyang'anira tizilombo kumawonetsa gawo lawo lofunikira pakusamalira nyumba zamakono, kuonetsetsa kuti akhalabe chisankho choyamba kwa ogula padziko lonse lapansi.
Kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera udzudzu pamsika wa mankhwala ophera udzudzu m'nyumba kukukulirakulira makamaka chifukwa cha kufunika kothana ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi udzudzu, omwe ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu pa thanzi la anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Udzudzu umafalitsa matenda ena oopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo malungo, malungo a dengue, kachilombo ka Zika, malungo achikasu ndi chikungunya. Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO), malungo okha amakhudza anthu oposa 200 miliyoni ndipo amachititsa imfa zoposa 400,000 chaka chilichonse, makamaka ku Africa ya kum'mwera kwa Sahara. Pakadali pano, pali milandu pafupifupi 100 miliyoni ya malungo a dengue chaka chilichonse, ndipo milandu ikukwera kwambiri, makamaka m'madera otentha komanso otentha. Ngakhale kuti kachilombo ka Zika sikafala kwambiri, kamayambitsa zilema zazikulu zobadwa nazo, zomwe zikuyambitsa kampeni yofalikira yazaumoyo wa anthu onse. Kufalikira koopsa kwa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi udzudzu ndi chilimbikitso chachikulu kwa mabanja kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala ophera udzudzu: mankhwala ophera udzudzu opitilira 2 biliyoni amagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse.
Kukula kwa mankhwala ophera udzudzu pamsika wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nyumba padziko lonse lapansi kukukulitsidwanso ndi chidziwitso chowonjezereka komanso njira zodzitetezera ku matenda a anthu. Maboma ndi mabungwe azaumoyo wa anthu onse amaika ndalama zoposa US $3 biliyoni pachaka m'mapulogalamu oletsa udzudzu, kuphatikizapo kugawa maukonde ophera tizilombo komanso mapulogalamu oteteza udzudzu m'nyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga mankhwala atsopano komanso ogwira mtima kwambiri ophera udzudzu kwapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zatsopano zoposa 500 m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana za ogula. Msikawu wawonanso kukula kwakukulu kwa malonda apaintaneti, ndi nsanja yapaintaneti yomwe ikunena kuti malonda ophera udzudzu awonjezeka ndi oposa 300% panthawi yachilimwe. Pamene madera akumatauni akukula ndipo kusintha kwa nyengo kukusintha malo okhala udzudzu, kufunikira kwa njira zopewera udzudzu zogwira mtima kukuyembekezeka kupitilira kukula, ndipo msika ukuyembekezeka kuwirikiza kawiri kukula kwake m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunika kwakukulu kwa mankhwala ophera udzudzu ngati gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa njira zaumoyo wa anthu padziko lonse lapansi.
Kufunika kwakukulu: Gawo la ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba ku Asia Pacific likufika pa 47%, zomwe zikutsogolera kwambiri.
Monga dziko lofunika kwambiri pamsika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba, dera la Asia Pacific limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha malo ake apadera achilengedwe komanso azachuma. Mizinda yokhala ndi anthu ambiri m'derali monga Mumbai, Tokyo ndi Jakarta mwachibadwa imafuna njira zothanirana ndi tizilombo kuti isunge moyo womwe umakhudza anthu oposa 2 biliyoni okhala m'mizinda. Mayiko monga Thailand, Philippines ndi Vietnam ali ndi nyengo yotentha yokhala ndi matenda ambiri opatsirana ndi tizilombo monga dengue fever ndi malungo, ndipo mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabanja oposa 500 miliyoni chaka chilichonse. Bungwe la World Health Organization laika derali ngati "malo ofunikira kwambiri" a matenda amenewa, ndipo milandu yoposa 3 miliyoni imanenedwa pachaka komanso kufunikira kwachangu kwa njira zothanirana ndi tizilombo. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu apakati, omwe akuyembekezeka kufika pa anthu 1.7 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2025, akuwonjezera ndalama m'mankhwala amakono komanso osiyanasiyana ophera tizilombo, zomwe zikusonyeza kusintha kwa bajeti ya mabanja kuti apereke patsogolo thanzi ndi ukhondo.
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa chikhalidwe ndi luso lamakono zimathandizanso kwambiri pakukulitsa msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba. Ku Japan, mfundo ya mottainai, kapena kuchepetsa zinyalala, yatsogolera pakukula kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ogwira mtima komanso okhalitsa, ndipo makampani amapempha ma patent oposa 300 chaka chatha chokha. Chizolowezi chofuna mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ndi abwino kwa chilengedwe ndi chodziwika bwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ndi abwino kwa chilengedwe kukukwera kwambiri ku Indonesia ndi Malaysia pamene ogula akuyamba kuganizira kwambiri za chilengedwe. Msika wa ku Asia Pacific ukuyembekezeka kukhala wamtengo wapatali wa US $7 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2023, ndipo China ndi India zili ndi gawo lalikulu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso chidziwitso cha thanzi chomwe chikukula. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa mizinda mwachangu kukupitilirabe kukula, ndipo derali likuyembekezeka kuwonjezera anthu ena 1 biliyoni okhala m'mizinda pofika chaka cha 2050, zomwe zikulimbitsa malo ake ngati msika wofunikira wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba. Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kukutsutsa njira zachikhalidwe zoyang'anira tizilombo, kudzipereka kwa dera la Asia-Pacific pakupanga zatsopano ndi kusintha kudzalimbikitsa kufunikira kwa njira zophera tizilombo zokhazikika komanso zothandiza.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-02-2024