Msika wapadziko lonse wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba wawona kukula kwakukulu pomwe kukwera kwa mizinda kukuchulukirachulukira ndipo anthu akudziwa zambiri zathanzi komanso ukhondo. Kuchulukana kwa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma vectors monga dengue fever ndi malungo kwawonjezera kufunikira kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mwachitsanzo, Bungwe Loona za Umoyo pa Dziko Lonse linanena kuti chaka chatha anthu oposa 200 miliyoni anadwala malungo padziko lonse, ndipo zimenezi zinasonyeza kuti pakufunika njira zothana ndi tizilombo. Kuonjezera apo, pamene mavuto a tizilombo akuchulukirachulukira, chiwerengero cha mabanja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo chawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo mayunitsi oposa 1.5 biliyoni adagulitsidwa padziko lonse chaka chatha chokha. Kukula uku kumayendetsedwanso ndi kukula kwapakati, komwe kumapangitsa kuti anthu azidya tsiku ndi tsiku pofuna kukonza moyo wabwino.
Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi zatsopano zathandiza kwambiri pakukonza msika wapakhomo wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe sakonda zachilengedwe komanso omwe alibe poizoni kwakopa ogula osamala zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, zothamangitsa tizilombo zochokera ku zomera zatchuka kwambiri, ndipo zatsopano zopitilira 50 zasefukira pamsika ndikulowa m'mashopu akuluakulu ku Europe ndi North America. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zothana ndi tizilombo tanzeru monga misampha ya udzudzu m'nyumba zikuchulukirachulukira, ndikugulitsa padziko lonse lapansi kupitilira mayunitsi 10 miliyoni chaka chatha. Makampani a e-commerce akhudzanso kwambiri kayendetsedwe ka msika, ndikugulitsa pa intaneti kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe akukula ndi 20%, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale njira yofunika yogawa.
Malinga ndi dera, Asia Pacific ikupitilizabe kukhala msika waukulu wamankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba, motsogozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu amderali komanso kuzindikira komwe kukukulirakulira kwa kupewa matenda. Derali limapitilira 40% ya msika wonse, pomwe India ndi China ndi omwe amagula kwambiri. Pakadali pano, Latin America yatuluka ngati msika womwe ukukula mwachangu, pomwe dziko la Brazil likuwona kufunikira kwakukulu pomwe ikupitiliza kulimbana ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi udzudzu. Msikawu wawonanso kuwonjezeka kwa opanga m'deralo, ndi makampani atsopano a 200 omwe alowa m'makampani m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi. Pamodzi, zinthuzi zikuwonetsa kukula kwakukulu kwa msika wophera tizilombo m'nyumba, motsogozedwa ndi luso, kusiyana kwa madera, ndikusintha zomwe ogula amakonda.
Mafuta Ofunika Kwambiri: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zachilengedwe Kusintha Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo M'nyumba Kukhala Tsogolo Lotetezeka, Lobiriwira
Msika wophera tizilombo wapakhomo ukukumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kumayankho achilengedwe komanso ochezeka ndi zachilengedwe, mafuta ofunikira akukhala zinthu zomwe amakonda. Izi zimayendetsedwa ndi ogula akudziwa zambiri za thanzi ndi chilengedwe cha mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mafuta ofunikira monga lemongrass, neem, ndi bulugamu amadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zothamangitsira, zomwe zimawapanga kukhala njira yabwino. Msika wapadziko lonse wamafuta opangira mankhwala ophera tizilombo ukuyembekezeka kufika $1.2 biliyoni mu 2023, kuwonetsa kukonda kwa anthu zinthu zachilengedwe. Kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa ndi mafuta ofunikira m'matauni kwakula kwambiri, ndipo kugulitsa kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwafika mayunitsi 150 miliyoni, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa zomwe ogula amakonda kutsata njira zotetezeka komanso zokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zopitilira US $ 500 miliyoni zayikidwa pakufufuza ndi kupanga mafuta ofunikira, kuwonetsa kudzipereka kwamakampani pakupanga zatsopano ndi chitetezo.
Kukopa kwamafuta ofunikira pamsika wamankhwala ophera tizirombo apanyumba kumakulitsidwanso chifukwa amapereka maubwino osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kununkhira kosangalatsa komanso zinthu zopanda poizoni, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi moyo wonse wa ogula amakono. Mu 2023, mabanja opitilira 70 miliyoni ku North America okha asintha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangira mafuta. Wogulitsa wamkulu adanenanso za kuwonjezeka kwa 20% kwa shelufu yazinthu izi, kuwonetsa kukula kwake pamsika. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta ofunikira opangira mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'chigawo cha Asia Pacific adakwera ndi 30%, motsogozedwa ndi kukwera kwa kufunikira kwa ogula komanso chithandizo chowongolera. Mapulatifomu a pa intaneti adagwiranso ntchito yayikulu, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo opitilira 500,000 atsopano omwe adakhazikitsidwa chaka chatha. Pamene msika ukupitilirabe kusinthika, mafuta ofunikira ali okonzeka kulamulira gawo la mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba chifukwa chakuchita bwino, chitetezo, komanso kulumikizana ndikusintha kwapadziko lonse lapansi kumayankho obiriwira.
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amakhala 56% pamsika: kutsogola kuwongolera tizirombo padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha luso komanso kukhulupirirana kwa ogula.
Msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba ukukumana ndi chiwonjezeko chosaneneka cha kufunikira kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, motsogozedwa ndi mphamvu zawo zapamwamba komanso kusinthasintha. Kufuna kumeneku kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika, kuphatikizapo kuthekera kwawo kupha tizilombo tambirimbiri mwachangu ndikupereka chitetezo chokhalitsa chomwe njira zina zachilengedwe sizingathe. Makamaka, mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga pyrethroids, organophosphates, ndi carbamates akhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'nyumba, ndipo mayunitsi opitilira 3 biliyoni adagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chatha chokha. Zogulitsazi ndizodziwika kwambiri chifukwa chakuchita mwachangu komanso kuchita bwino m'matauni komwe kumapezeka tizirombo. Kuti akwaniritse zomwe ogula amakonda, makampaniwa akulitsa mphamvu zake zopangira, ndi mafakitale opitilira 400 padziko lonse lapansi omwe amagwira ntchito yopanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira zoperekera zinthu zikuyenda bwino komanso kutumiza kwa ogula.
Padziko lonse lapansi, kuyankha pamsika wopangira mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba nthawi zambiri kwakhala kwabwino, pomwe mayiko monga US ndi China akutsogolera kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito, ndikupanga mayunitsi opitilira 50 miliyoni pachaka. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba awona ndalama zambiri za R&D m'zaka zaposachedwa, zopitilira $2 biliyoni, ndi cholinga chopanga zida zotetezeka komanso zosamalira zachilengedwe. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zachitika ndikuphatikizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe popanda kuwononga mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kusuntha kwamakampaniwo kuzinthu zopangira ma phukusi anzeru, monga zotengera zosamva ana komanso zokomera zachilengedwe, zikuwonetsa kudzipereka pachitetezo cha ogula ndi kukhazikika. Zatsopanozi zalimbikitsa kukula kwa msika, pomwe makampani opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo akuyembekezeka kupanga ndalama zina zokwana $ 1.5 biliyoni pazaka zisanu zikubwerazi. Pamene zinthuzi zikupitilirabe kulamulira msika, kuphatikiza kwawo munjira zophatikizika zowongolera tizilombo kumawunikira gawo lawo lofunikira pakusamalira nyumba zamakono, kuwonetsetsa kuti akhalabe chisankho choyamba kwa ogula padziko lonse lapansi.
Kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera udzudzu pamsika wamankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba kukukulirakulira makamaka chifukwa chofuna kuthana ndi matenda obwera ndi udzudzu, omwe akuwopseza kwambiri thanzi lapadziko lonse lapansi. Udzudzu umafalitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, monga malungo, dengue fever, Zika virus, yellow fever ndi chikungunya. Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) linanena kuti malungo okha amakhudza anthu oposa 200 miliyoni ndipo amapha anthu oposa 400,000 chaka chilichonse, makamaka m’madera a kum’mwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Pakali pano, anthu pafupifupi 100 miliyoni amadwala matenda a dengue fever chaka chilichonse, ndipo anthu odwala matenda a dengue amakula kwambiri, makamaka m’madera otentha ndi otentha. Ngakhale kuti sizofala kwambiri, kachilombo ka Zika kamakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la kubadwa, zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azitsatira zaumoyo. Kufalikira kowopsa kwa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi udzudzu ndikolimbikitsa kwambiri kwa mabanja kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zambiri pogula mankhwala ophera tizilombo: mankhwala othamangitsa udzudzu oposa 2 biliyoni amagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse.
Kukula kwa mankhwala ophera udzudzu pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi wophera tizilombo kumalimbikitsidwanso chifukwa chodziwitsa anthu zambiri komanso kuchitapo kanthu pazaumoyo wa anthu. Maboma ndi mabungwe azaumoyo amaika ndalama zoposa US$3 biliyoni pachaka m'mapologalamu oletsa udzudzu, kuphatikizapo kugawa maukonde ophera tizilombo komanso mapologalamu otseka chifunga m'nyumba. Kuonjezera apo, kupanga mankhwala atsopano ophera tizilombo athandiza kuti pazaka ziwiri zapitazi akhazikitsidwe mankhwala atsopano opitilira 500 kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana za ogula. Msikawu wawonanso kukula kwakukulu pakugulitsa pa intaneti, pomwe nsanja ya e-commerce ikunena kuti malonda othamangitsa udzudzu adakwera ndi 300% panthawi yomwe idakwera kwambiri. Pamene madera akumatauni akuchulukirachulukira komanso kusintha kwanyengo kukusintha malo okhala udzudzu, kufunikira kwa njira zothetsera udzudzu kukuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula, msika ukuyembekezeka kuwirikiza kawiri pazaka khumi zikubwerazi. Izi zikugogomezera kufunikira kofunikira kwa mankhwala ophera udzudzu ngati gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kufunika kwakukulu: Gawo lomwe limapeza pamsika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Asia Pacific limafikira 47%, kukhala pamalo otsogola.
Monga dziko lalikulu la ogula pamsika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, dera la Asia Pacific limachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera azachilengedwe komanso azachuma. Mizinda yomwe ili ndi anthu ambiri m'derali monga Mumbai, Tokyo ndi Jakarta mwachilengedwe imafuna njira zothana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tisunge moyo womwe umakhudza anthu opitilira 2 biliyoni okhala m'matauni. Maiko monga Thailand, Philippines ndi Vietnam ali ndi nyengo zotentha zomwe zimafala kwambiri matenda oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo monga dengue fever ndi malungo, ndipo mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabanja opitilira 500 miliyoni chaka chilichonse. Bungwe la World Health Organisation lati chigawochi ndi "malo otentha" a matendawa, ndipo milandu yopitilira 3 miliyoni imanenedwa chaka chilichonse komanso kufunikira kwachangu njira zothetsera tizilombo. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu lapakati, lomwe likuyembekezeka kufikira anthu 1.7 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2025, likuwonjezera ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo amakono komanso osiyanasiyana, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa bajeti za mabanja poika patsogolo thanzi ndi ukhondo.
Zofunikira pazachikhalidwe komanso zatsopano zimathandizanso kwambiri pakukulitsa msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba. Ku Japan, mfundo ya mottainai, kapena kuchepetsa zinyalala, yachititsa kuti pakhale mankhwala ophera tizilombo amphamvu kwambiri, omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo makampani akufunsira ma patent oposa 300 oyenerera chaka chatha chokha. Mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ogwirizana ndi chilengedwe ndi wochititsa chidwi, pomwe mitengo yotengera ana ikukwera kwambiri ku Indonesia ndi Malaysia pomwe ogula akuyamba kusamala kwambiri zachilengedwe. Msika waku Asia Pacific ukuyembekezeka kukhala wamtengo wapatali $ 7 biliyoni pofika 2023, pomwe China ndi India ndi omwe atenga gawo lalikulu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo komanso kuzindikira komwe kukukulirakulira. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa mizinda kukukulirakulirabe, ndipo derali likuyembekezeka kuwonjezera anthu 1 biliyoni okhala m'matauni pofika chaka cha 2050, ndikulimbitsanso malo ake ngati msika wofunikira wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba. Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kukuvutitsani njira zoyendetsera tizilombo, kudzipereka kwa dera la Asia-Pacific pakupanga zatsopano ndikusintha kudzayendetsa kufunikira kwapadziko lonse kwa mayankho okhazikika komanso ogwira mtima a mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-02-2024