M'zaka 20 zapitazi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo a ukhondo m'dziko langa akukula mofulumira. Choyamba, chifukwa cha kuyambitsidwa kwa mitundu yambiri yatsopano ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba wochokera kunja, ndipo chachiwiri, khama la mayunitsi oyenerera a m'nyumba lapangitsa kuti zinthu zambiri zazikulu zopangira ndi mitundu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo a ukhondo zipangidwe. Ndipo tatchulanso za ubwino ndi chitukuko cha mitundu yatsopano ya mankhwala. Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ponena za mankhwala ophera tizilombo a ukhondo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo a pyrethroids akadali omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano. Chifukwa tizilombo tapanga madigiri osiyanasiyana olimbana ndi pyrethroids m'madera ena, ndipo pali kukana kwa cross-all, komwe kumakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti ili ndi ubwino wambiri wapadera monga poizoni wotsika komanso kugwira ntchito bwino, n'zovuta kusinthidwa ndi mitundu ina mkati mwa nthawi inayake. Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi tetramethrin, Es-bio-allethrin, d-allethrin, methothrin, pyrethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin ndi dextramethrin wolemera Allethrin ndi zina zotero. Pakati pawo, D-trans allethrin wolemera amapangidwa payekhapayekha m'dziko langa. Gawo la asidi la allethrin wamba limalekanitsidwa ndi cis ndi trans isomers ndipo isomers yakumanzere ndi yakumanja imalekanitsidwa kuti iwonjezere chiŵerengero cha thupi lake logwira ntchito, motero kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya Mankhwala. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi losagwira ntchito limasinthidwa kukhala thupi lovomerezeka, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo. Zimasonyeza kuti kupanga ma pyrethroids m'dziko langa kwalowa m'munda wa chitukuko chodziyimira pawokha komanso kulowa m'munda wa stereochemistry ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba wamagetsi. Ma Dichlorvos pakati pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo a organophosphorus ndi omwe ali ndi zipatso zambiri komanso ntchito zambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yogwetsa, mphamvu yake yopha kwambiri komanso ntchito yake yowononga zachilengedwe, koma DDVP ndi chlorpyrifos zaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito. Mu 1999, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la WHO linanena, adapanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo a pirimiphos-methyl, omwe amagwira ntchito mwachangu komanso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa udzudzu, ntchentche, mphemvu ndi nthata.
Pakati pa ma carbamates, propoxur ndi Zhongbucarb amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Komabe, malinga ndi deta yoyenera, mankhwala owonongeka a sec-butacarb, methyl isocyanate, ali ndi mavuto a poizoni. Mankhwalawa sanaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nyumba omwe adafalitsidwa ndi World Health Organization mu 1997, ndipo kupatula China, palibe dziko lina padziko lonse lapansi lomwe lagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pazinthu zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nyumba. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba ndi otetezeka komanso kuti agwirizane ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, Pesticide Control Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture pamodzi ndi mikhalidwe ya dziko langa, pa Marichi 23, 2000, ku Zhongbuwei, malamulo oyenera osinthira pang'onopang'ono kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba apangidwa.
Pali ofufuza ambiri pa njira zowongolera kukula kwa tizilombo, ndipo pali mitundu yambiri, monga: diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, ndi zina zotero. M'madera ena, amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa mphutsi m'malo oberekera udzudzu ndi ntchentche, ndipo apeza zotsatira zabwino. Akuyamba kutchuka pang'onopang'ono ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mayunitsi monga Fudan University afufuza ndikupanga ma pheromone a ntchentche zapakhomo, ndipo Wuhan University yapanga ma cockroach parvovirus payokha. Zinthuzi zili ndi mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a microbial akupangidwa, monga: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus, cockroach virus ndi Metarhizium anisopliae alembedwa ngati mankhwala aukhondo. Ogwirizana kwambiri ndi piperonyl butoxide, octachlorodipropyl ether, ndi synergist amine. Kuphatikiza apo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito octachlorodipropyl ether, Nanjing Forestry Research Institute yatulutsa AI-1 synergist kuchokera ku turpentine, ndipo Shanghai Entomology Research Institute ndi Nanjing Agricultural University adapanga 94o synergist. agent. Palinso ma synergistic amines otsatira, ma synergist, ndi chitukuko cha ma synergist ochokera ku zomera a S-855.
Pakadali pano, pali zosakaniza 87 zogwira ntchito za mankhwala ophera tizilombo zomwe zili ndi udindo wovomerezeka wolembetsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'dziko lathu, zomwe: 46 (52.87%) ya pyrethroids, 8 (9.20%) ya organophosphorus, 5 ya carbamates, 1 (5.75%), 5 inorganic substances (5.75%), 4 tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (4.60%), 1 organochlorine (1.15%), ndi mitundu ina 18 (20.68%).
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-20-2023