(Kupatula Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo, Julayi 8, 2024) Chonde tumizani ndemanga pofika Lachitatu, Julayi 31, 2024. Acephate ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ali m'gulu la organophosphate (OP) woopsa kwambiri ndipo ndi oopsa kwambiri kotero kuti Environmental Protection Agency yati aletse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kupatulapo kuperekedwa kwa mankhwala m'mitengo. Nthawi yopereka ndemanga tsopano yatsegulidwa, ndipo EPA ilandila ndemanga mpaka Lachitatu, Julayi 31, pambuyo powonjezera nthawi yomaliza ya Julayi. Pankhani yotsalayi yogwiritsira ntchito, EPA sakudziwa kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'thupimankhwala ophera tizilomboZingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe mwa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mosasankha.
>> Lembani ndemanga zokhudza acephate ndipo uzani bungwe la EPA kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu zitha kupangidwa mwachilengedwe.
EPA ikupereka lingaliro losiya kugwiritsa ntchito acephate yonse, kupatula jakisoni wa mitengo, kuti ichotse zoopsa zonse zomwe yapeza zomwe zimaposa kuchuluka kwa nkhawa yake ya chakudya/madzi akumwa, zoopsa zapakhomo ndi zapantchito, komanso zoopsa za zamoyo zomwe sizili pachiwopsezo. Beyond Pesticides yanena kuti ngakhale njira yojambulira mitengo siimabweretsa zoopsa zambiri pazakudya kapena thanzi la anthu onse, komanso siimabweretsa zoopsa zilizonse pantchito kapena paumoyo wa anthu akagwiritsa ntchito, bungweli limanyalanyaza zoopsa zazikulu zachilengedwe. Bungweli silimayesa zoopsa zachilengedwe zogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa mitengo, koma m'malo mwake limaganiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku sikubweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu kwa zamoyo zomwe sizili pachiwopsezo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa mitengo kumabweretsa zoopsa zazikulu kwa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame zomwe sizingathe kuchepetsedwa ndipo motero ziyenera kuphatikizidwa pakuchotsa acephate.
Akabayidwa m'mitengo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amabayidwa mwachindunji m'thunthu, amatengedwa mwachangu ndikufalikira m'mitsempha yonse yamagazi. Chifukwa chakuti acephate ndi mankhwala ake owonongeka, methamidophos ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amasungunuka kwambiri m'thupi, mankhwala awa amaperekedwa kumadera onse a mtengo, kuphatikizapo mungu, madzi, utomoni, masamba ndi zina zambiri. Njuchi ndi mbalame zina monga hummingbirds, woodpeckers, sapsuckers, vines, nuthatches, chickadees, ndi zina zotero zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi zinyalala kuchokera ku mitengo yomwe yabayidwa ndi acephate. Njuchi sizimangopezeka pokhapokha zikasonkhanitsa mungu wodetsedwa, komanso zikasonkhanitsa madzi ndi utomoni womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga propolis yofunika kwambiri ya mng'oma. Momwemonso, mbalame zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi zotsalira za acephate/metamidophos zapoizoni zikamadya madzi odetsedwa a mitengo, tizilombo/mphutsi zoboola nkhuni, ndi tizilombo/mphutsi zodya masamba.
Ngakhale kuti deta ndi yochepa, bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency lapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito acephate kungayambitse chiopsezo ku njuchi. Komabe, kafukufuku wathunthu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa acephate kapena methamidophos sananenedwe, kotero palibe deta yokhudza poizoni wa pakamwa, wa akuluakulu, kapena wa mphutsi ku njuchi za uchi; Mipata iyi ya deta ikuwonetsa kusatsimikizika kwakukulu poyesa zotsatira za acephate pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa chiopsezo chingasiyane malinga ndi nthawi ya moyo ndi nthawi yomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingalowe (akuluakulu motsutsana ndi mphutsi ndi acute motsutsana ndi acute, motsatana). Zochitika zoyipa zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zotsatira zake, kuphatikizapo kufa kwa njuchi, zakhala zikugwirizana ndi njuchi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi acephate ndi/kapena methamidophos. Ndikoyenera kuganiza kuti kubaya acephate m'mitengo sikuchepetsa chiopsezo ku njuchi poyerekeza ndi mankhwala ochizira masamba, koma kwenikweni kungawonjezere chiopsezo cha tizilombo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amalowetsedwa mumtengo, motero kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha poizoni. Bungweli linapereka chilengezo cha zoopsa za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda poika mitengo m'majekeseni chomwe chinati, "Chogulitsachi ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa njuchi. Chilengezochi sichikwanira kuteteza njuchi ndi zamoyo zina kapena kusonyeza kuopsa kwa chiopsezocho."
Zoopsa zogwiritsa ntchito njira zobayira acetate ndi mitengo sizinayesedwe mokwanira za mitundu yomwe ili pangozi. EPA isanamalize kuwunikanso kulembetsa kwa acephate, iyenera kumaliza kuwunika mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa komanso kufunsa kulikonse kofunikira ndi US Fish and Wildlife Service ndi National Marine Fisheries Service, makamaka mbalame ndi tizilombo tomwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa ndipo mitundu iyi ya mbalame ndi tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yobayidwa kuti idye, kusaka ndi kuyika zisa.
Mu 2015, bungweli linamaliza kuwunika kwathunthu kwa ma endocrine disruptor acephates ndipo linapeza kuti palibe deta yowonjezera yomwe ikufunika kuti iwunikenso zotsatira zomwe zingachitike pa njira za estrogen, androgen, kapena thyroid mwa anthu kapena nyama zakuthengo. Komabe, zambiri zaposachedwa zikusonyeza kuti endocrine destruction potential ya acephate komanso kuwonongeka kwake kwa methamidophos kudzera m'njira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma receptor zitha kukhala nkhawa, chifukwa chake EPA iyenera kusintha kuwunika kwake kwa chiopsezo cha endocrine destruction ya acephate.
Kuphatikiza apo, poyesa momwe zinthu zilili, bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency linatsimikiza kuti ubwino wa jakisoni wa acetate polimbana ndi tizilombo ta m'mitengo nthawi zambiri ndi wochepa chifukwa pali njira zochepa zothandiza zomwe zingathandizire tizilombo tambiri. Chifukwa chake, chiopsezo chachikulu cha njuchi ndi mbalame chokhudzana ndi kuchiza mitengo ndi acephate sichili choyenera poganizira za chiopsezo ndi phindu.
> Lembani ndemanga pa acephate ndipo muuzeni bungwe la EPA kuti ngati mbewu zitha kulimidwa mwachilengedwe, mankhwala ophera tizilombo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngakhale kuti bungwe la EPA linaika patsogolo kuwunikanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo otchedwa organophosphate, lalephera kuchitapo kanthu kuti liteteze omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zotsatira zake zoopsa mu ubongo—alimi ndi ana. Mu 2021, Earthjustice ndi mabungwe ena adapempha bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency kuti lichotse mankhwala ophera tizilombo amenewa oopsa kwambiri mu ubongo. M'chaka chino, Consumer Reports (CR) idachita kafukufuku wokwanira kwambiri wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ali m'zipatso, ndipo adapeza kuti kukhudzana ndi magulu awiri akuluakulu a mankhwala—organophosphates ndi carbamates—ndikoopsa kwambiri, ndipo kumagwirizanitsidwanso ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a khansa, matenda a shuga ndi matenda a mtima. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezekazi, bungwe la CR lidapempha bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency kuti “liletse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombowa pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.”
Kuwonjezera pa nkhani zomwe zili pamwambapa, EPA sinathetse vuto la endocrine. EPA siganiziranso za anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, kukhudzana ndi zosakaniza, komanso kuyanjana kwa anthu pokonza kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi michere. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amadetsa madzi ndi mpweya wathu, amawononga zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, amavulaza ogwira ntchito m'minda, komanso amapha njuchi, mbalame, nsomba, ndi nyama zina zakuthengo.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti chakudya chachilengedwe chovomerezeka ndi USDA sichigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pochipanga. Zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo zomwe zimapezeka muzinthu zachilengedwe, kupatulapo zochepa, ndi zotsatira za kuipitsa kwa ulimi komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuipitsidwa ndi madzi, kapena zotsalira za nthaka yakumbuyo. Sikuti kupanga chakudya chachilengedwe kokha ndikobwino pa thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe kuposa kupanga mankhwala ambiri, sayansi yaposachedwa ikuwululanso zomwe ochirikiza zachilengedwe akhala akunena kwa nthawi yayitali: chakudya chachilengedwe ndi chabwino, kuwonjezera pa kukhala chosakhala ndi zotsalira za poizoni kuchokera kuzinthu wamba. Ndi chopatsa thanzi ndipo sichimapha anthu kapena kuipitsa madera omwe chakudya chimalimidwa.
Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi The Organic Center akuwonetsa kuti zakudya zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi ma antioxidants ambiri m'malo ena ofunikira, monga kuchuluka kwa ma antioxidants, ma polyphenols onse, ndi ma flavonoid awiri ofunikira, quercetin ndi kaempferol, omwe onse ali ndi phindu pazakudya. Magazini ya Agricultural Food Chemistry idafufuza makamaka kuchuluka kwa phenolic kwa ma blueberries, sitiroberi, ndi chimanga ndipo idapeza kuti zakudya zomwe zimalimidwa mwachilengedwe zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa phenolic. Ma phenolic compounds ndi ofunikira pa thanzi la zomera (kuteteza ku tizilombo ndi matenda) komanso thanzi la anthu chifukwa ali ndi "mphamvu yoteteza antioxidant komanso zinthu zambiri zamankhwala, kuphatikizapo anticancer, antioxidant, ndi platelet aggregation activity."
Popeza ubwino wa kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe, EPA iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe ngati muyezo poyesa zoopsa ndi ubwino wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ngati mbewu zitha kulimidwa mwachilengedwe, mankhwala ophera tizilombo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
>> Lembani ndemanga pa acephate ndipo muuzeni bungwe la EPA kuti ngati mbewuyo ingalimidwe mwachilengedwe, mankhwala ophera tizilombo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nkhaniyi idatumizidwa Lolemba, Julayi 8, 2024 nthawi ya 12:01 pm ndipo yalembedwa pansi pa Acephate, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Take Action, Uncategorized. Mutha kutsatira mayankho a nkhaniyi kudzera mu RSS 2.0 feed. Mutha kudumpha mpaka kumapeto ndikusiya yankho. Ping siloledwa pakadali pano.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-15-2024