Tinagwa mvula yamphamvu mu June chaka chino, zomwe zinachedwetsa ntchito yokonza udzu ndi kubzala mbewu zina. Pakhoza kukhala chilala chomwe chidzatipangitsa kukhala otanganidwa m'munda komanso pafamu.
Kusamalira tizilombo molumikizana n'kofunika kwambiri pakupanga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizilombo ndi matenda mokhazikika, kuphatikizapo kupanga mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda, kuchiza mbewu za m'madzi otentha, kusinthana kwa mbewu, kusamalira madzi, ndi kusaka mbewu.
Njira zina zikuphatikizapo njira zachilengedwe zowongolera zachilengedwe ndi zamoyo, njira zotetezera ukhondo, njira zowongolera makina ndi chikhalidwe, njira zochepetsera zochita, zipangizo zosankhidwa, komanso njira zothanirana ndi tizilombo tosagwira ntchito. Pomaliza, timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo mosamala komanso mosamala polimbana ndi tizilombo tovuta kuwongolera.
Kambuku wa mbatata wa ku Colorado wakhala wokana mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale m'gulu la tizilombo tovuta kwambiri kulimbana nawo. Mphutsi ndi akuluakulu onse amadya masamba a zomera, zomwe zingayambitse kufalikira kwa masamba ngati sizikutetezedwa. Pa matenda oopsa, kambuku amathanso kudya zipatso zomwe zili pamwamba pa nthaka.
Njira yachikhalidwe yothanirana ndi kachilombo ka mbatata ka ku Colorado ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo a neonicotinoid (kuphatikizapo imidacloprid) ku mbewu. Komabe, mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombowa ikuchepa m'madera ena a ku United States chifukwa cha kukula kwa kukana mankhwala.
Tizilombo ta mbatata ta ku Colorado tingathe kulamulidwa bwino m'minda yaying'ono pochotsa nthawi zonse ndi manja. Mphutsi ndi zazikulu zimatha kulekanitsidwa ndikuyikidwa mu chidebe chokhala ndi madzi ndi madontho ochepa a madzi otsukira mbale. Madziwo amachepetsa mphamvu ya pamwamba pa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo timire m'malo mothawa.
Alimi akufunafuna njira yotetezeka komanso yothandiza yomwe siisiya zotsalira za mankhwala oopsa. Pamene ndinali kufufuza za kuletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ta mbatata, ndapeza zambiri za zinthu zingapo zomwe zili ndi spinosad, kuphatikizapo Bonide's Colorado Potato Beetle Insecticide. Zinthu zina zomwe zili ndi spinosad ndi monga Entrust, Captain Jack's Deadbug Brew, Conserve, Monterey Garden Insect Spray, ndi zina zambiri.
Mankhwala okhala ndi spinosad ndi njira ina yachilengedwe yopewera tizilombo m'minda komanso kwa alimi a masamba ndi zipatso ogulitsa. Ndi othandiza polimbana ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana totafuna monga thrips, kafadala ndi mbozi, komanso amateteza tizilombo tothandiza kwambiri.
Imawonongekanso mofulumira m'chilengedwe ikakumana ndi dzuwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza kwambiri kwa alimi omwe akukumana ndi mavuto olimbana ndi tizilombo.
Spinosad ndi mankhwala a mitsempha komanso poizoni m'mimba, kotero imapha tizilombo tomwe timakumana nayo komanso tomwe timadya masamba ake. Spinosad ili ndi njira yapadera yogwirira ntchito yomwe imathandiza kupewa kukana kwa organophosphates ndi carbamates, zomwe ndi zoletsa acetylcholinesterase.
Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo mopitirira muyeso. Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito katatu kokha m'masiku 30. Pofuna kuthana ndi kachilombo ka mbatata ka Colorado, ndi bwino kupopera masana, ngati n'kotheka tsiku lowala.
Spinozad imagwira ntchito bwino polimbana ndi tizilombo totafuna ndipo iyenera kudyedwa ndi tizilomboto. Chifukwa chake sigwira ntchito bwino polimbana ndi tizilombo toyamwa ndi tomwe sitingawononge. Spinozad imagwira ntchito mwachangu. Tizilombo timafa mkati mwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri kuchokera pamene chinthucho chalowa m'thupi.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zodabwitsa za mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi chakuti amagwira ntchito bwino popha tizilombo tomwe sitingathe kupha tizilombo tomwe timagulitsidwa m'masitolo kapena tomwe ndi ovuta kwambiri kupha, kuphatikizapo kachilombo koopsa ka Colorado potato, nyongolotsi ya m'madzi, njenjete ya kabichi, ndi borer ya chimanga.
Spinosad ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera pa kuwononga tizilombo pa mbewu zofunika monga tomato, tsabola, biringanya, mafuta a rape ndi masamba obiriwira. Alimi amatha kuphatikiza spinosad ndi mankhwala ena achilengedwe monga Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) kuti athetse tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tofunikira.
Izi zithandiza kuti tizilombo topindulitsa tipulumuke ndipo pamapeto pake zichepetse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu chimanga chotsekemera, spinosad imagwira ntchito bwino polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chimanga komanso mphutsi zankhondo. Imathanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chimanga popanda kuwononga chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-21-2025