Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse m’zaka za m’ma 1950, nsikidzi zinatsala pang’ono kutheratu padziko lonse pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.mankhwala ophera tizilombodichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, wodziwika bwino monga DDT, mankhwala omwe adaletsedwa kuyambira pamenepo. Komabe, tizirombo ta m’tauni tayambanso kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo tayamba kukana mankhwala osiyanasiyana ophera tizilombo tomwe timawagwiritsa ntchito.
Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Journal of Medical Entomology amafotokoza momwe gulu lofufuza kuchokera ku Virginia Tech, motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono Warren Booth, adapeza kusintha kwa majini komwe kungayambitse kukana mankhwala.
Kupezaku kudachitika chifukwa cha kafukufuku wa Booth yemwe adapangira wophunzira womaliza maphunziro a Camilla Block kuti apititse patsogolo luso lake pakufufuza kwa maselo.
Booth, yemwe ndi katswiri wa tizirombo ta m’tauni, anali atazindikira kalekale kusintha kwa majini m’maselo a minyewa ya mphemvu za ku Germany ndi ntchentche zoyera zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zisamve mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Booth ananena kuti Block atenge chitsanzo cha nsikidzi imodzi kuchokera pagulu lililonse la nsikidzi 134 zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi makampani oletsa tizilombo ku North America pakati pa 2008 ndi 2022 kuti awone ngati onsewo anali ndi masinthidwe ofanana. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti nsikidzi ziwiri zochokera m'magulu awiri osiyanasiyana zinali ndi masinthidwe amtundu womwewo.
"Izi ndi zitsanzo zanga zomaliza 24," adatero Bullock, yemwe amaphunzira za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo ndi membala wa Invasive Species Partnership. “Sindinayambe ndachitapo kafukufuku wa mamolekyu, choncho kukhala ndi luso lonse la mamolekyu kunali kofunika kwambiri kwa ine.”
Chifukwa chakuti nsikidzi zimakhala zofanana chifukwa cha kuswana kwa anthu ambiri, chitsanzo chimodzi chokha kuchokera pachitsanzo chilichonse chimakhala choyimira chiwerengero cha anthu. Koma Booth adafuna kutsimikizira kuti Bullock adapezadi masinthidwewo, kotero adayesa zitsanzo zonse za anthu omwe adadziwika.
"Titabwerera ndikuwunika anthu ochepa ochokera m'magulu onse awiri, tidapeza kuti aliyense wa iwo adasintha," adatero Booth. "Chifukwa chake masinthidwe awo amasinthidwa, ndipo ndi masinthidwe omwewo omwe tidapeza mu mphemvu yaku Germany."
Pophunzira mphemvu za ku Germany, Booth adaphunzira kuti kukana kwawo ku mankhwala ophera tizilombo kunali chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini m'maselo a mitsempha ya mitsempha komanso kuti njirazi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi chilengedwe.
“Pali jini yotchedwa Rdl jini. Jini imeneyi yapezeka m’mitundu ina yambiri ya tizilombo towononga tizilombo ndipo imagwirizana ndi kukana mankhwala ophera tizilombo otchedwa dieldrin,” anatero Booth, yemwenso amagwira ntchito ku Fralin Institute of Life Sciences. “Kusintha kumeneku kumapezeka m’mphepe zonse za ku Germany.
Fipronil ndi dieldrin, mankhwala awiri ophera tizilombo omwe awonetsedwa kuti ndi othandiza polimbana ndi nsikidzi mu labu, amagwira ntchito mofananamo, kotero kuti kusinthaku kunapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisagwirizane ndi zonsezi, Booth adatero. Dieldrin yaletsedwa kuyambira 1990s, koma fipronil tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa utitiri pa amphaka ndi agalu, osati nsikidzi.
Booth akukayikira kuti eni ziweto ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amtundu wa fipronil amalola amphaka ndi agalu awo kugona nawo, ndikuyika zogona zawo ku zotsalira za fipronil. Ngati nsikidzi zitalowetsedwa m'malo oterowo, zitha kuwonekera mosadziwa ku fipronil, ndiyeno kusinthako kungasankhidwe pagulu la nsikidzi.
"Sitikudziwa ngati kusinthaku ndi kwatsopano, kaya kudachitika izi, kaya kudachitika nthawi imeneyi, kapena kunalipo kale pakati pa anthu zaka 100 zapitazo," adatero Booth.
Chotsatira chidzakhala kukulitsa kufufuza ndikuyang'ana masinthidwewa m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi, makamaka ku Ulaya, komanso nthawi zosiyanasiyana pakati pa zitsanzo za museum, popeza nsikidzi zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zoposa milioni.
Mu Novembala 2024, labu ya Booth idatsata bwino ma genome onse a bug wamba kwanthawi yoyamba.
Booth adanena kuti vuto la DNA yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndilokuti imasweka mu zidutswa zing'onozing'ono mofulumira kwambiri, koma tsopano popeza ochita kafukufuku ali ndi ma templates pa mlingo wa chromosome, amatha kutenga zidutswazo ndikuzikonzanso kukhala ma chromosome, kupanganso majini ndi genome.
Booth adanenanso kuti ma laboratory omwe amagwira nawo ntchito ndi makampani oletsa tizilombo, kotero kuti ntchito yawo yotsata ma genetic ingawathandize kumvetsetsa komwe nsikidzi zimapezeka padziko lonse lapansi komanso momwe angathandizire kuzichotsa.
Tsopano popeza Bullock wakulitsa luso lake la mamolekyu, akuyembekezera kupitiliza kafukufuku wake wokhudza chisinthiko chamatauni.
"Ndimakonda chisinthiko. Ndikuganiza kuti ndichosangalatsa kwambiri," adatero Block. “Anthu ayamba kugwirizana kwambiri ndi mitundu ya m’tauni imeneyi, ndipo ndikuona kuti n’kosavuta kukopa anthu kukhala ndi chidwi ndi nsikidzi chifukwa amadzidziŵa okha.”
Nthawi yotumiza: May-13-2025