Chomwemahomoni achilengedweKodi ma phytohormones amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera chilala? Kodi ma phytohormones amasinthasintha bwanji ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe? Pepala lofalitsidwa mu magazini ya Trends in Plant Science limatanthauziranso ndikugawa ntchito za magulu 10 a ma phytohormones omwe apezeka mpaka pano mu ufumu wa zomera. Ma molecule awa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa zomera ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muulimi ngati mankhwala ophera udzu, biostimulants, komanso popanga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsanso zomwemahomoni achilengedwendizofunikira kwambiri posintha momwe zinthu zilili (kusowa kwa madzi, kusefukira kwa madzi, ndi zina zotero) ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zomera zikupulumuka m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Wolemba kafukufukuyu ndi Sergi Munne-Bosch, pulofesa mu Faculty of Biology ndi Institute of Biodiversity (IRBio) ku University of Barcelona komanso mtsogoleri wa Integrated Research Group on Antioxidants in Agricultural Biotechnology.
"Kuyambira pamene Fritz W. Went adapeza auxin ngati chinthu chogawa maselo mu 1927, kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi mu ma phytohormones kwasintha kwambiri biology ya zomera ndi ukadaulo waulimi," anatero Munne-Bosch, pulofesa wa sayansi ya zamoyo, zachilengedwe, ndi zachilengedwe.
Ngakhale kuti phytohormones ndi yofunika kwambiri, kafukufuku woyesera m'derali sanapite patsogolo kwambiri. Ma auxins, cytokinins, ndi gibberellins amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera, ndipo malinga ndi momwe olembawo adanenera, amaonedwa kuti ndi olamulira akuluakulu.
Pa mlingo wachiwiri,asidi wa abscisic (ABA), ethylene, salicylates, ndi jasmonic acid zimathandiza kulamulira momwe zomera zimayankhira bwino pakusintha kwa chilengedwe ndipo ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomera zisamavutike. "Ethylene ndi abscisic acid ndizofunikira kwambiri pakakhala kupsinjika kwa madzi. Abscisic acid ndiye amachititsa kutseka kwa stomata (mabowo ang'onoang'ono m'masamba omwe amayang'anira kusinthana kwa mpweya) ndi mayankho ena pakakhala kupsinjika kwa madzi ndi kusowa madzi m'thupi. Zomera zina zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi, makamaka chifukwa cha udindo wowongolera wa abscisic acid," akutero Munne-Bosch. Brassinosteroids, mahomoni a peptide, ndi strigolactones amapanga gawo lachitatu la mahomoni, zomwe zimapatsa zomera kusinthasintha kwakukulu kuti zigwirizane ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Kuphatikiza apo, mamolekyu ena omwe amafunikira ma phytohormones sakukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse ndipo akuyembekezerabe kuzindikirika komaliza. "Melatonin ndi γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ndi zitsanzo ziwiri zabwino. Melatonin imakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse, koma kuzindikirika kwa cholandirira chake kudakali koyambirira (pakadali pano, cholandirira cha PMTR1 chapezeka mu Arabidopsis thaliana yokha). Komabe, posachedwa, gulu la asayansi lingagwirizane ndikutsimikizira kuti ndi phytohormone."
"Ponena za GABA, palibe ma receptors omwe apezeka m'zomera. GABA imayang'anira njira za ma ion, koma n'zosadabwitsa kuti si neurotransmitter yodziwika bwino kapena mahomoni a nyama m'zomera," katswiriyo adatero.
Mtsogolomu, popeza magulu a ma phytohormones si ofunikira kwambiri pa sayansi mu biology yoyambira komanso ali ndi kufunika kwakukulu m'magawo a ulimi ndi biotechnology ya zomera, ndikofunikira kukulitsa chidziwitso chathu cha magulu a phytohormones.
"Ndikofunikira kuphunzira ma phytohormones omwe sakumveka bwino, monga strigolactones, brassinosteroids, ndi ma peptide hormones. Tikufunika kafukufuku wowonjezereka pa kuyanjana kwa mahomoni, komwe ndi gawo losamveka bwino, komanso mamolekyu omwe sanatchulidwebe ngati ma phytohormones, monga melatonin ndi gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)," anatero Sergi Munne-Bosch. Gwero: Munne-Bosch, S. Phytohormones:
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-13-2025