Mankhwala ophera tizilomboMaukonde a udzudzu okonzedwa ndi njira yotsika mtengo yothanirana ndi matenda a malungo ndipo ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikutayidwa nthawi zonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maukonde a udzudzu okonzedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri m'madera omwe ali ndi matenda ambiri a malungo. Malinga ndi lipoti la 2020 World Health Organization, pafupifupi theka la anthu padziko lonse lapansi ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a malungo, ndipo milandu yambiri ndi imfa zimachitika ku sub-Saharan Africa, kuphatikizapo Ethiopia. Komabe, ziwerengero zazikulu za milandu ndi imfa zanenedwanso m'madera a WHO monga South-East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Pacific ndi Americas.
Malungo ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amapha anthu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timafalikira kwa anthu kudzera mu kulumidwa ndi udzudzu wachikazi wa Anopheles. Kuopsa kumeneku kukuonetsa kufunika kopitiliza kuyesetsa pa zaumoyo wa anthu kuti athane ndi matendawa.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma ITN kungachepetse kwambiri kuchuluka kwa malungo, ndipo kuyerekezera kumayambira pa 45% mpaka 50%.
Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa kuluma panja kumabweretsa mavuto omwe angachepetse mphamvu ya kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma ITN. Kuthana ndi kuluma panja ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa malungo ndikuwongolera zotsatira zaumoyo wa anthu onse. Kusintha kwa khalidwe kumeneku kungakhale yankho ku kukakamizidwa kosankhidwa komwe kumachitika ndi ma ITN, omwe makamaka amakhudza malo okhala m'nyumba. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezeka kwa kuluma kwa udzudzu panja kukuwonetsa kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwa malungo panja, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa njira zowongolera zowononga ma ventricle akunja. Chifukwa chake, mayiko ambiri omwe ali ndi malungo ali ndi mfundo zomwe zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ma ITN padziko lonse lapansi poletsa kuluma kwa tizilombo panja, komabe chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akugona pansi pa ukonde wa udzudzu ku sub-Saharan Africa chikuyembekezeka kukhala 55% mu 2015. 5,24
Tinachita kafukufuku wokhudza anthu ammudzi kuti tidziwe momwe maukonde a udzudzu opangidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi izi mu Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala 2021.
Kafukufukuyu adachitika ku Pawi woreda, imodzi mwa zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri za Metekel County ku Benishangul-Gumuz State. Chigawo cha Pawi chili ku Benishangul-Gumuz State, 550 km kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Addis Ababa ndi 420 km kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Assosa.
Chitsanzo cha kafukufukuyu chinali mutu wa banja kapena membala aliyense wa banja wazaka 18 kapena kuposerapo amene wakhala m'nyumbamo kwa miyezi yosachepera 6.
Oyankha omwe anali odwala kwambiri kapena ovuta kwambiri ndipo sanathe kulankhulana panthawi yosonkhanitsa deta sanaphatikizidwe mu chitsanzocho.
Zida: Deta inasonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso ofunsidwa mafunso omwe amaperekedwa ndi wofunsa mafunso ndipo mndandanda wowunikira unapangidwa kutengera maphunziro ofalitsidwa omwe ali ndi zosintha zina31. Mafunso ofufuzawo anali ndi magawo asanu: makhalidwe a anthu, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chidziwitso cha ICH, kapangidwe ka banja ndi kukula kwake, ndi zinthu za umunthu/khalidwe, zomwe zinapangidwa kuti zisonkhanitse zambiri zoyambira za ophunzirawo. Mndandandawu uli ndi malo ozungulira zomwe zawonedwa. Unalumikizidwa ku mafunso aliwonse apakhomo kuti ogwira ntchito m'munda athe kuwona zomwe awona popanda kusokoneza kuyankhulana. Monga chiganizo cha makhalidwe abwino, tinanena kuti maphunziro athu anali okhudza anthu omwe adatenga nawo mbali ndipo maphunziro okhudza anthu omwe adatenga nawo mbali ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi Chilengezo cha Helsinki. Chifukwa chake, Bungwe Lowunikira la College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University linavomereza njira zonse kuphatikiza tsatanetsatane uliwonse wofunikira womwe unachitidwa motsatira malangizo ndi malamulo oyenera ndipo chilolezo chodziwitsidwa chinapezedwa kuchokera kwa ophunzira onse.
Kuti titsimikizire kuti deta ndi yabwino mu kafukufuku wathu, tinagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zofunika. Choyamba, osonkhanitsa deta anaphunzitsidwa bwino kuti amvetse zolinga za kafukufukuyu komanso zomwe zili mufunsoli kuti achepetse zolakwika. Tisanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira, tinayesa funsoli kuti tipeze ndikuthetsa mavuto aliwonse. Tinakhazikitsa njira zosonkhanitsira deta kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwirizana, ndipo tinakhazikitsa njira zowunikira nthawi zonse kuti ziyang'anire ogwira ntchito m'munda ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira zotsatirira zatsatiridwa. Kuwunika kutsimikizika kunaphatikizidwa mufunsoli kuti pakhale njira yolondola yoyankhira. Kulowetsa deta kawiri kunagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera deta kuti achepetse zolakwika zolowera, ndipo deta yosonkhanitsidwa inkawunikidwanso nthawi zonse kuti zitsimikizire kukwanira ndi kulondola. Kuphatikiza apo, tinakhazikitsa njira zoyankhira anthu osonkhanitsa deta kuti akonze njira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti machitidwe abwino, kuthandiza kuwonjezera chidaliro cha ophunzira ndikukweza khalidwe la mayankho.
Pomaliza, multivariate logistic regression idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zolosera za zotsatira za kusintha ndikusintha ma covariates. Ubwino wa kuyenerera kwa chitsanzo cha binary logistic regression unayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Hosmer ndi Lemeshow. Pa mayeso onse a ziwerengero, P value < 0.05 idawonedwa ngati cutoff point ya kufunika kwa ziwerengero. Multicollinearity ya zosintha zodziyimira pawokha idawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito tolerance and variance inflation factor (VIF). COR, AOR, ndi 95% confidence interval zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mphamvu ya mgwirizano pakati pa zosintha zodziyimira pawokha komanso zodalira binary.
Kudziwitsa za kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo ku Parweredas, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ethiopia.
Maukonde a udzudzu opangidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo akhala chida chofunikira kwambiri popewera malungo m'madera omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri monga Pawi County. Ngakhale kuti Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Ethiopia wachita khama lalikulu kuti awonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde a udzudzu opangidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zopinga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zikupitirirabe.
M'madera ena, pakhoza kukhala kusamvetsetsana kapena kukana kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde opangidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamagwiritse ntchito maukondewo. Madera ena angakumane ndi mavuto enaake monga mikangano, kusamuka kwa anthu kapena umphawi wadzaoneni zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri kufalitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde opangidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, monga dera la Benishangul-Gumuz-Metekel.
Kusiyana kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo nthawi yomwe maphunziro amatenga pakati pa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi (pafupifupi), kusiyana kwa chidziwitso ndi maphunziro okhudza kupewa malungo, komanso kusiyana kwa madera osiyanasiyana pa ntchito zotsatsa malonda. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma ITN nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera m'madera omwe ali ndi maphunziro ogwira mtima komanso zomangamanga zabwino zathanzi. Kuphatikiza apo, miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro zachikhalidwe zakumaloko zitha kukhudza kuvomerezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ogona. Popeza kafukufukuyu adachitika m'madera omwe malungo ali ndi zomangamanga zabwino zathanzi komanso kugawa ma ITN, kupezeka ndi kupezeka kwa maukonde ogona kungakhale kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi madera omwe ali ndi ntchito zochepa.
Kugwirizana pakati pa zaka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ITN kungakhale chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo: achinyamata amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ITN pafupipafupi chifukwa amadziona kuti ali ndi udindo waukulu pa thanzi la ana awo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma kampeni azaumoyo aposachedwapa alunjika kwambiri kwa mibadwo yachinyamata, kudziwitsa anthu za kupewa malungo. Zotsatira za chikhalidwe cha anthu, kuphatikizapo anzawo ndi machitidwe ammudzi, zithanso kukhala ndi gawo, chifukwa achinyamata amakonda kulandira upangiri watsopano wazaumoyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mwayi wopeza zinthu zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ofunitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano ndi ukadaulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ma IPO nthawi zonse.
Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti maphunziro amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zogwirizana. Anthu omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba amakhala ndi mwayi wopeza chidziwitso chabwino komanso kumvetsetsa bwino kufunika kwa ma ITN popewa malungo. Amakhala ndi maphunziro apamwamba azaumoyo, zomwe zimawalola kutanthauzira bwino zambiri zaumoyo ndikulumikizana ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala. Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwachuma, komwe kumapatsa anthu zinthu zoti apeze ndikusunga ma ITN. Anthu ophunzira amathanso kutsutsa zikhulupiriro zachikhalidwe, kulandira ukadaulo watsopano wazaumoyo, komanso kuchita zinthu zabwino pazaumoyo, motero zimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ma ITN ndi anzawo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-12-2025