Mankhwala ophera tizilombo-ukonde wothiridwa mankhwala ndi njira yotsika mtengo yochepetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a malungo ndipo iyenera kuperekedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikutayidwa pafupipafupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti masikito okhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri m’madera omwe muli malungo ambiri. Malinga ndi lipoti la World Health Organisation la 2020, pafupifupi theka la anthu padziko lonse lapansi ali pachiwopsezo chodwala malungo, pomwe anthu ambiri komanso kufa kumachitika kumadera akummwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara ku Africa, kuphatikiza ku Ethiopia. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa milandu ndi kufa kwanenedwanso kumadera a WHO monga South-East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Pacific ndi America.
Malungo ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amaika moyo pachiswe chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timapatsira anthu mwa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu waukazi wotchedwa Anopheles. Chiwopsezo chosalekezachi chikuwonetsa kufunikira kwachangu kwa kuyesetsa kwaumoyo wa anthu kuti athane ndi matendawa.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma ITNs kungachepetse kwambiri matenda a malungo, ndi kuyerekezera kuyambira 45% mpaka 50%.
Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa kuluma panja kumabweretsa zovuta zomwe zingasokoneze mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchito moyenera ma ITN. Kuthana ndi kuluma kwakunja ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kufala kwa malungo komanso kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la anthu. Kusintha kwa khalidwe kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kosankhidwa ndi ITNs, komwe makamaka kumayang'ana malo amkati. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezeka kwa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu wakunja kukuwonetsa kuthekera kofalitsa malungo panja, ndikuwunikira kufunikira kowongolera njira zowongolera ma vector akunja. Choncho, mayiko ambiri omwe ali ndi malungo ali ndi ndondomeko zomwe zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ma ITNs poletsa kulumidwa ndi tizilombo, komabe chiwerengero cha anthu ogona pansi pa udzudzu ku sub-Saharan Africa chikuyembekezeka kukhala 55% mu 2015. 5,24
Tidachita kafukufuku wokhudza anthu ammudzi kuti tidziwe kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera udzudzu komanso zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana nazo mu Ogasiti-Seputembala 2021.
Kafukufukuyu adachitika ku Pawi woreda, imodzi mwa zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri za Metekel County ku Benishangul-Gumuz State. Chigawo cha Pawi chili ku Benishangul-Gumuz State, 550 km kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Addis Ababa ndi 420 km kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Assosa.
Zitsanzo za kafukufukuyu zikuphatikiza mutu wa pabanjapo kapena wina aliyense wapakhomo wazaka 18 kapena kupitilira apo yemwe adakhala mnyumbamo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Ofunsidwa omwe anali odwala kwambiri kapena odwala kwambiri ndipo sankatha kulankhulana panthawi yosonkhanitsa deta sanatengedwe pa chitsanzo.
Zida: Deta inasonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso omwe amayendetsedwa ndi ofunsa mafunso ndi mndandanda wazowunikira zomwe zidapangidwa potengera maphunziro omwe adasindikizidwa ndi zosintha zina31. Mafunso a kafukufukuyu anali ndi magawo asanu: mawonekedwe a chikhalidwe cha anthu, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chidziwitso cha ICH, kapangidwe ka mabanja ndi kukula kwake, ndi umunthu/makhalidwe, opangidwa kuti atole zambiri za omwe atenga nawo mbali. Mndandanda uli ndi malo ozungulira zomwe zawonedwa. Linalumikizidwa pa mafunso a m’nyumba iliyonse kuti ogwira ntchito m’munda aone zimene aona popanda kudodometsa kufunsa. Monga ndemanga yamakhalidwe abwino, tinanena kuti maphunziro athu okhudza anthu omwe atenga nawo mbali komanso maphunziro okhudza anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali ayenera kukhala mogwirizana ndi Declaration of Helsinki. Chifukwa chake, Institutional Review Board ya College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University idavomereza njira zonse kuphatikiza tsatanetsatane uliwonse wochitidwa motsatira malangizo ndi malamulo oyenera komanso chilolezo chodziwitsidwa chidapezedwa kwa onse omwe adatenga nawo gawo.
Kuti titsimikizire kuti deta yathu ili yabwino mu phunziro lathu, tinagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zofunika. Choyamba, osonkhanitsa deta adaphunzitsidwa bwino kuti amvetse zolinga za phunziroli komanso zomwe zili mufunso kuti achepetse zolakwika. Tisanagwiritse ntchito mokwanira, tidayesa mafunsowo kuti tidziwe ndikuthetsa vuto lililonse. Njira zosonkhanitsira deta zokhazikika kuti zitsimikizire kusasinthika, ndikukhazikitsa njira zowunikira nthawi zonse kuyang'anira ogwira ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndondomeko zikutsatiridwa. Macheke ovomerezeka adaphatikizidwa mufunso kuti asunge mayankho omveka bwino. Kulowetsa deta kawiri kunagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa zolakwika zolowera, ndipo deta yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa inkawunikiridwa nthawi zonse kuti zitsimikizire kuti zonse ndi zolondola. Kuonjezera apo, tinakhazikitsa njira zothandizira osonkhanitsa deta kuti apititse patsogolo ndondomeko ndi kuonetsetsa kuti machitidwe abwino azichita, zomwe zimathandiza kuonjezera kukhulupirirana kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali ndikuwongolera momwe angayankhire.
Pomaliza, ma multivariate logistic regression adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire zolosera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikusintha ma covariates. Ubwino wokwanira wa chitsanzo cha binary logistic regression adayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Hosmer ndi Lemeshow. Pamayesero onse a ziwerengero, mtengo wa P <0.05 unkaganiziridwa kuti ndi gawo lomaliza la kufunikira kwa ziwerengero. Multicollinearity ya mitundu yodziyimira payokha idawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito tolerance and variance inflation factor (VIF). COR, AOR, ndi 95% nthawi yodalirika idagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mphamvu ya mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu yodziyimira payokha komanso yodalira bayinare.
Kudziwitsa za kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera udzudzu ku Parweredas, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ethiopia.
Masikito okhala ndi mankhwala ophera udzudzu akhala chida chofunikira popewera malungo m’madera omwe afala kwambiri monga m’boma la Pawi. Ngakhale ayesetsa kwambiri ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Ethiopia kuti awonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera udzudzu, zolepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kudakalipo.
M'madera ena, pangakhale kusamvetsetsana kapena kukana kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asatengeke kwambiri. Madera ena amatha kukumana ndi zovuta zenizeni monga mikangano, kusamuka kwawo kapena umphawi wadzaoneni womwe ungathe kuchepetsa kwambiri kugawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo, monga dera la Benishangul-Gumuz-Metekel.
Kusagwirizana kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo, kuphatikizapo nthawi yapakati pa maphunziro (pafupifupi, zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi), kusiyana kwa chidziwitso ndi maphunziro okhudzana ndi kupewa malungo, ndi kusiyana kwa madera pazochitika zotsatsira. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma ITN nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo m'malo omwe ali ndi maphunziro abwino komanso maziko azaumoyo. Kuphatikiza apo, miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro zakumaloko zitha kukhudza kuvomerezedwa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde. Popeza kuti kafukufukuyu anachitidwa m’madera omwe muli malungo omwe ali ndi zipangizo zathanzi labwino komanso kagawidwe ka ITN, kupezeka ndi kupezeka kwa maukonde angakhale apamwamba poyerekeza ndi madera omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperapo.
Kugwirizana pakati pa zaka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ITN kungakhale chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo: achinyamata amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ITN nthawi zambiri chifukwa amamva kuti ali ndi udindo wosamalira thanzi la ana awo. Kuonjezera apo, ntchito zachipatala zaposachedwapa zakhudza kwambiri mibadwo yachichepere, kudziwitsa anthu za kupewa malungo. Zisonkhezero za anthu, kuphatikiza anzawo ndi zochita za anthu ammudzi, zitha kukhalanso ndi gawo, popeza achinyamata amakonda kumvera malangizo atsopano azaumoyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza zinthu zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano komanso matekinoloje, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ma IPO nthawi zonse.
Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa maphunziro amalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zolumikizana. Anthu omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba amakhala ndi mwayi wodziwa zambiri komanso kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa ma ITNs popewa malungo. Amakonda kukhala ndi maphunziro apamwamba azaumoyo, zomwe zimawalola kutanthauzira bwino zazaumoyo ndikulumikizana ndi azaumoyo. Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi kutukuka kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, zomwe zimapatsa anthu zinthu zopezera ndi kusunga ma ITN. Anthu ophunzira amathanso kutsutsa zikhulupiriro za chikhalidwe chawo, kulabadira kwambiri matekinoloje atsopano azaumoyo, komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, zomwe zimachititsa kuti anzawo azigwiritsa ntchito ma ITNs.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-12-2025