M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha kufulumira kwa kukula kwa mizinda ndi kusuntha kwa malo, ntchito za kumidzi zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira m'mizinda, ndipo kusowa kwa ntchito kwakhala kofala kwambiri, zomwe zachititsa kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito zikwere; ndipo chiwerengero cha akazi pantchito chawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, ndipo ntchito zachikhalidwe zolemera Mankhwala akukumana ndi mavuto. Makamaka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza kuchepetsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kuwonjezera mphamvu, zitha kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuchepetsa ntchito, ndikubweretsa mwayi wabwino wopanga njira zochepetsera ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopepuka zogwiritsira ntchito. Kukonzekera kopulumutsa ntchito ndi kopulumutsa ntchito monga madontho opopera, ma granules oyandama, mafuta ofalitsa mafilimu, ma granules a U, ndi ma microcapsules kwakhala malo ofufuzira kwambiri m'mabizinesi azaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zimabweretsa mwayi wabwino kwambiri wopititsa patsogolo chitukuko. Kukula kwawo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwakhala msika waukulu m'minda ya mpunga, kuphatikizapo mbewu zina zogulira, ndipo mwayi ndi waukulu kwambiri.
Kupanga kukonzekera kopulumutsa ntchito kukukulirakulira
M'zaka khumi zapitazi, ukadaulo wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'dziko langa wakula mofulumira, ndipo chitukuko cha kusamala chilengedwe chakhala chodziwika bwino; kukonza magwiridwe antchito, kuyang'ana kwambiri chitetezo chobiriwira, komanso kuchepetsa mlingo ndi kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndiyo njira yokhayo yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko.
Mafomula opulumutsa ntchito ndi njira zatsopano zopangira mankhwala zomwe zimatsatira zomwe zikuchitika. Makamaka, kafukufuku wopulumutsa ntchito pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo amatanthauza kuti ogwira ntchito amatha kusunga maola a anthu ndi ntchito pa ntchito zophera tizilombo kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kutanthauza kuti, kuphunzira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito njira zopulumutsa ntchito kwambiri komanso zopulumutsa ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito mwachangu komanso molondola zosakaniza zophera tizilombo. Ikani pamalo omwe mukufuna.
Padziko lonse lapansi, Japan ndi dziko lomwe likutukuka mofulumira kwambiri paukadaulo wopulumutsa mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kutsatiridwa ndi South Korea. Kupanga mankhwala opulumutsa mphamvu ya ntchito kwadutsa njira zitatu zofufuzira ndi chitukuko kuyambira ma granules mpaka ma granules akuluakulu, ma formulations otulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi, ma formulations oyenda, kenako mpaka mafuta ofalitsa filimu, ma granules oyandama, ndi ma granules a U.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo opulumutsa mphamvu pantchito nawonso akukula mofulumira m'dziko langa, ndipo chitukuko ndi ukadaulo wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ogwirizana nawonso alimbikitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ya mpunga. Pakadali pano, mankhwala ophera tizilombo opulumutsa mphamvu pantchito akuphatikizapo mafuta ofalitsa filimu, ma granules oyandama, ma U granules, ma microcapsules, mankhwala ofalitsa pamwamba pa madzi, mankhwala otulutsa mphamvu (mapiritsi), ma granules akuluakulu, ma granules okhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, mankhwala otulutsa utsi, mankhwala ophera nyambo, ndi zina zotero.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chiwerengero cha mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya ntchito omwe adalembedwa m'dziko langa chawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka. Pofika pa 26 Okutobala, 2021, China Pesticide Information Network ikuwonetsa kuti pali mankhwala 24 olembetsedwa a granules zazikulu m'dziko langa, mankhwala 10 a mafuta ofalitsa filimu, mankhwala amodzi olembetsedwa a mankhwala ofalitsa pamwamba pa madzi, mankhwala 146 otulutsa utsi, mankhwala 262 a nyambo, ndi mapiritsi otulutsa mphamvu. Mlingo 17 ndi mankhwala 303 a microcapsule.
Mingde Lida, Zhongbao Lunong, Xin'an Chemical, Shaanxi Thompson, Shandong Kesaiji Nong, Chengdu Xinchaoyang, Shaanxi Xiannong, Jiangxi Zhongxun, Shandong Xianda, Hunan Dafang, Anhui Huaxing Chemical, etc. onse ali panjira iyi. mtsogoleri.
Maphikidwe ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ochepetsa ntchito m'minda ya mpunga
Kunena kuti njira zochepetsera ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo njira zaukadaulo ndi zokhwima, ikadali munda wa mpunga.
Minda ya mpunga ndi mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zophikira zochepetsera ntchito kunyumba ndi kunja. Pambuyo pa chitukuko cha zaka zaposachedwapa, mitundu ya mankhwala ochepetsera ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ya mpunga m'dziko langa ndi mafuta opaka filimu, ma granules oyandama ndi ma granules omwazikana pamwamba pa madzi (U granules). Pakati pawo, mafuta opaka filimu ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Mafuta ofalitsa filimu ndi njira yoyezera momwe mankhwala ophera tizilombo oyamba amasungunuka mwachindunji mu mafuta. Makamaka, ndi mafuta opangidwa powonjezera chofalitsa chapadera ndi chofalitsa ku mafuta wamba. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito, amaponyedwa mwachindunji m'munda wa mpunga kuti afalikire, ndipo akafalikira, amafalikira pamadzi okha kuti agwire ntchito. Pakadali pano, zinthu zapakhomo monga 4% thifur·azoxystrobin film spreading oil, 8% thiazide film spreading oil, 1% spirulina ethanolamine salt film spreading oil, etc., zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa madzi, zomwe ndizosavuta kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka mafuta ofalitsa filimuyi kakuphatikizapo zosakaniza zogwira ntchito, ma surfactants, ndi mafuta osungunula, ndipo zizindikiro zake zowongolera khalidwe zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza zogwira ntchito, pH range, surface tension, equilibrium interfacial tension, chinyezi, liwiro lofalikira, malo ofalikira, kukhazikika kwa kutentha kochepa, kusungirako kutentha. kukhazikika.
Ma granules oyandama ndi mtundu watsopano wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amayandama mwachindunji pamwamba pa madzi atayikidwa m'madzi, amafalikira mofulumira pamwamba pa madzi onse, kenako amasungunuka ndikufalikira m'madzi. Zigawo zake zimaphatikizapo zosakaniza zogwira ntchito za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zodzaza zonyamula zoyandama, zomangira, zotulutsa zosungunuka, ndi zina zotero. Kapangidwe ka ma granules oyandama kakuphatikizapo zosakaniza zogwira ntchito, chonyamulira choyandama, ndi chotulutsa chosungunuka, ndipo zizindikiro zake zowongolera khalidwe zimaphatikizapo mawonekedwe, nthawi yosweka, liwiro loyandama, mtunda wofalikira, liwiro losweka, ndi kusweka.
Ma U granules amapangidwa ndi zosakaniza zogwira ntchito, zonyamulira, zomangira ndi zotulutsa mpweya. Zikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ya mpunga, ma granules amakhazikika pansi kwakanthawi, kenako ma granules amabwereranso kuti ayandame. Pomaliza, chosakaniza chogwira ntchitocho chimasungunuka ndikufalikira mbali zonse pamwamba pa madzi. Chiyambi choyamba chinali kukonzekera cypermethrin kuti athetse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi a mpunga. Kapangidwe ka ma U granules kumaphatikizapo zosakaniza zogwira ntchito, zonyamula mpweya, zomangira, ndi zotulutsa mpweya, ndipo zizindikiro zake zowongolera khalidwe zimaphatikizapo mawonekedwe, nthawi yoyambira kuyandama, nthawi yomaliza kuyandama, mtunda wofalikira, kuchuluka kwa kusweka, ndi kusweka.
Malinga ndi akatswiri amakampani, Japan ndi South Korea alimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma U granules ndi ma floating granules pamlingo waukulu, koma pali maphunziro ochepa apakhomo, ndipo palibe mankhwala ena okhudzana ndi izi omwe agulitsidwa pamsika. Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti padzakhala zinthu zoyandama za ma granules pamsika ku China posachedwa. Panthawiyo, ma granules ena oyandama pamwamba pa madzi kapena zinthu zina zoyatsira ma piritsi zidzasinthidwa motsatizana kukhala mankhwala a mpunga, zomwe zingathandize kuti zinthu zambiri zoyatsira mpunga zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Alimi amapindula ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Kukonzekera kwa microcapsulated kukhala malo otsatira opikisana kwambiri mumakampani
Pakati pa magulu omwe alipo kale okonzekera kuchepetsa ntchito, kukonzekera kokhala ndi ma microcapsules kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'makampani m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Kuyimitsidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (CS) kumatanthauza mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe za polima kupanga chidebe chaching'ono cha chipolopolo, kuphimba mankhwala ophera tizilombo mkati mwake, ndikuchiyika m'madzi. Chimaphatikizapo magawo awiri, chipolopolo cha kapisozi ndi chipolopolo cha kapisozi, chipolopolo cha kapisozi ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndipo chipolopolo cha kapisozi ndi chinthu chopangira filimu cha polima. Ukadaulo wa microencapsulation unagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kunja, kuphatikizapo mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo ndi fungicides, omwe athetsa mavuto aukadaulo ndi ndalama, ndipo apangidwanso mwamphamvu ku China m'zaka zaposachedwa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa China Pesticide Information Network, kuyambira pa Okutobala 26, 2021, chiwerengero cha zinthu zokonzekera microencapsulated zomwe zidalembetsedwa m'dziko langa chinali 303, ndipo mankhwala olembetsedwawo adaphatikizapo 245 microcapsule suspensions, 33 microcapsule suspensions, ndi mbewu microcapsule suspensions. Ma granule 11, mankhwala 8 oyeretsera mbewu a microcapsule suspension-suspension, ufa wa microcapsule 3, ma granule 7 a microcapsule, microcapsule 1, ndi microcapsule suspension-aqueous emulsion imodzi.
Zikuoneka kuti chiwerengero cha ma microcapsule suspensions omwe adalembetsedwa mu ma microcapsule okonzekera kunyumba ndi chachikulu kwambiri, ndipo mitundu ya mitundu yolembetsedwa ya mlingo ndi yochepa, kotero pali malo ambiri oti apangidwe.
Liu Runfeng, mkulu wa R&D Center ya Yunfa Biological Group, anati ma microcapsules ophera tizilombo, monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu yokhalitsa, chitetezo komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi malo ofufuzira kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo ndi malo atsopano okwera omwe opanga amapikisana nawo. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wamkati pa makapisozi amapezeka kwambiri m'mayunivesite ndi mabungwe ofufuza asayansi, ndipo kafukufuku woyambira wa chiphunzitso ndi wokwanira. Chifukwa pali zopinga zambiri zaukadaulo pakupanga ma microcapsule, zosakwana 100 zimagulitsidwa, ndipo palibe ma microcapsule ophera tizilombo ku China. Zogulitsa za Capsule ndi makampani okonzekera mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ali ndi mpikisano waukulu.
Mu mpikisano waukulu wamsika womwe ukuchitika pano, kuwonjezera pa udindo wosawonongeka wa makampani akale akunja m'mitima ya anthu aku China, makampani opanga zinthu zatsopano monga Mingde Lida, Hailier, Lier, ndi Guangxi Tianyuan amadalira khalidwe labwino kuti adutse mumsamphawu. Pakati pawo, Mingde Lida adasokoneza lingaliro lakuti zinthu zaku China si zabwino monga makampani akunja omwe ali panjirayi.
Liu Runfeng adayambitsa kuti ukadaulo wa microencapsulation ndiye mpikisano waukulu wa Mindleader. Mindleader yapanga mankhwala monga beta-cyhalothrin, metolachlor, prochloraz, ndi abamectin: Pali zinthu zoposa 20 zomwe zavomerezedwa ndipo zikuyimitsidwa pamzere kuti zilembetsedwe m'magawo anayi akuluakulu: mndandanda wa fungicide microcapsule, mndandanda wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda microcapsule, mndandanda wa herbicide microcapsule, ndi mndandanda wa seed capsule coating. Mbewu zosiyanasiyana zaphimbidwa, monga mpunga, zipatso za citrus, ndiwo zamasamba, tirigu, maapulo, chimanga, maapulo, mphesa, mtedza, ndi zina zotero.
Pakadali pano, zinthu zopangidwa ndi Mingde Lida zomwe zalembedwa kapena zomwe zikuyembekezeka kulembedwa ku China zikuphatikizapo Delica® (25% beta-cyhalothrin ndi clothianidin microcapsule suspension-suspension agent), Lishan® (45% essence Metolachlor Microcapsule Suspension), Lizao® (30% Oxadiazone·Butachlor Microcapsule Suspension), Minggong® (30% Prochloraz Microcapsule Suspension), Jinggongfu ® (23% beta-cyhalothrin microcapsule suspension), Miaowanjin® (25% clothianidin·metalaxyl·fludioxonil seed treatment microcapsule suspension-suspension), Deliang® (5% Abamectin Microcapsule Suspension), Mingdaoshou® (25% Prochloraz·Blastamide Microcapsule Suspension), ndi zina zotero. M'tsogolomu, padzakhala njira zatsopano zopangira ma microcapsule suspension. Popeza kulembetsa kwa mayiko akunja kwayamba, zinthu za Mingde Lida zokhala ndi ma microcapsule pang'onopang'ono zidzakwezedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.
Polankhula za kafukufuku wamtsogolo ndi chitukuko cha ma microcapsules ophera tizilombo mtsogolomu, Liu Runfeng adavumbulutsa kuti padzakhala njira zisanu zotsatirazi: ① kuyambira pakutulutsa pang'onopang'ono kupita pakutulutsa kolamulidwa; ② zipangizo zamakhoma zosawononga chilengedwe m'malo mwa zipangizo zopangidwa ndi makhoma kuti achepetse kutulutsidwa kwa "microplastics" m'chilengedwe; ③ kutengera kapangidwe ka Fomula pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito; ④ Njira zokonzekera zotetezeka komanso zosawononga chilengedwe; ⑤ Njira zowunikira zasayansi. Kukweza kukhazikika kwa zinthu zoyimitsidwa za microcapsule kudzakhala cholinga cha mabizinesi omwe akuyimiridwa ndi Mingde Lida mtsogolomu.
Mwachidule, ndi kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwa kuchepetsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito, kufunikira kwa msika ndi kuthekera kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kudzagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndikutulutsidwa, ndipo tsogolo lake lidzakhala lopanda malire. Zachidziwikire, padzakhalanso makampani ambiri okonzekera bwino omwe akulowa munjira iyi, ndipo mpikisano udzakhala waukulu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali mumakampaniwa akupempha makampani ophera tizilombo am'nyumba kuti alimbikitse kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuwonjezera ndalama zofufuzira zasayansi, kufufuza momwe ukadaulo umagwiritsidwira ntchito pokonza mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndikutumikira bwino ulimi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-05-2022