一,Kufinya kwa Fusarium
Zizindikiro za kuvulala:
Thonje Kufinya kwa FusariumZitha kuchitika kuyambira mbande mpaka zazikulu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mbewu kumachitika isanaphuke komanso itatha kuphuka. Zitha kugawidwa m'magulu 5:
1. Mtundu wa Yellow Reticulated: Mitsempha ya masamba a chomera chodwala imasanduka yachikasu, mesophyll imakhalabe yobiriwira, ndipo masamba ena kapena ambiri amaoneka achikasu reticulated, pang'onopang'ono amachepa ndikuuma;
2. Mtundu wachikasu: Mbali zazikulu kapena zapafupi za m'mphepete mwa masamba zimasanduka zachikasu, zimafota komanso zimauma;
3. Mtundu wofiira wofiirira: Mbali zazikulu za masamba zimasanduka zofiirira zofiira, ndipo mitsempha ya masamba imaonekanso yofiira yofiirira, yofota ndi kuuma;
4. Mtundu wobiriwira wouma: Masamba amataya madzi mwadzidzidzi, mtundu wa masambawo umakhala wobiriwira pang'ono, masambawo amakhala ofewa komanso owonda, chomera chonsecho chimakhala chobiriwira komanso chouma ndipo chimafa, koma masamba nthawi zambiri sagwa, ndipo masamba a petioles amapindika;
5. Mtundu wa kufupika: Ngati pali masamba enieni 5-7, masamba ambiri apamwamba a chomera chodwala amafupika, amapindika, amakhala obiriwira, okhala ndi ma internode afupikitsa, afupikitsa kuposa zomera zathanzi, nthawi zambiri sakufa, ndipo xylem ya gawo la mizu ndi tsinde la chomera chodwalayo imakhala yakuda bulauni.
Kachitidwe ka matenda:
Matenda a thonje omwe amafalikira nthawi yozizira kwambiri m'mbewu za zomera zomwe zadwala, zotsalira za zomera zomwe zadwala, nthaka, ndi manyowa. Kusamutsa mbewu zodetsedwa ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda atsopano, ndipo ntchito zaulimi monga kulima, kusamalira, ndi kuthirira m'minda ya thonje yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tifalikire pafupi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kumera m'mizu, tsinde, masamba, zipolopolo, ndi zina zotero za zomera zomwe zadwala panthawi ya chinyezi chambiri, zomwe zimatha kufalikira ndi mpweya ndi mvula, zomwe zimatha kufalikira zomera zathanzi zozungulira.
Kuchuluka kwa Thonje Kufinya kwa FusariumZimakhudzana kwambiri ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi. Kawirikawiri, matendawa amayamba kutentha kwa nthaka pafupifupi 20 ℃, ndipo amafika pachimake kutentha kwa nthaka kukakwera kufika pa 25 ℃ -28 ℃; Mu mvula yamkuntho kapena chaka chamvula m'chilimwe, matendawa amakhala oopsa; Minda ya thonje yokhala ndi malo otsika, nthaka yolemera, nthaka yamchere, madzi osayenda bwino, feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ndi kulima kwambiri zimakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Kupewa ndi kulamulira mankhwala:
1. Musanabzale, gwiritsani ntchito 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methyl sulfur • thiram yankho lowirikiza ka 500 popha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka;
2. Poyamba matendawa, mizu yake inkathiriridwa ndi 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methylsulfide • thiram 600-800 nthawi ya mankhwala opopera kapena 500 nthawi ya mankhwala opopera, kapena 50% thiram 600-800 nthawi ya mankhwala opopera, 80% mancozeb 800-1000 nthawi ya mankhwala opopera, ndi mphamvu yolamulira kwambiri;
3. Pa minda yomwe ili ndi matenda ambiri, nthawi yomweyo, yankho la 0.2% la potassium dihydrogen phosphate pamodzi ndi yankho la 1% la urea zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popopera masamba masiku 5-7 aliwonse kwa nthawi ziwiri kapena zitatu zotsatizana. Zotsatira za kupewa matenda ndizodziwikiratu.
二,Kufinya kwa Thonje Verticillium
Zizindikiro za kuvulala:
Matendawa amayamba kuonekera m'munda asanayambe komanso atayamba kuphuka, ndipo m'mphepete mwa masamba omwe ali ndi matendawa amataya madzi ndikufota. Madontho achikasu osakhazikika amaonekera pa mesophyll pakati pa mitsempha ya masamba, pang'onopang'ono akufalikira kukhala madontho obiriwira ngati kanjedza pa mitsempha ya masamba, ofanana ndi makanda a mavwende. Masamba apakati ndi otsika amakula pang'onopang'ono kupita kumtunda, osagwa kapena kugwa pang'ono masamba. Chomera chodwalacho chimakhala chachifupi pang'ono kuposa chomera chathanzi. Pambuyo pa chilala cha nthawi yayitali m'chilimwe ndi mvula yamkuntho, kapena kuthirira madzi osefukira, masambawo adafota mwadzidzidzi, ngati kuti apsa ndi madzi otentha, kenako adagwa, zomwe zimatchedwa acute wilting type.
Kupewa ndi kulamulira mankhwala:
1. Kusankha mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusinthana kwa mbewu. Kumpoto kwa dzikolo, kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthana kwa tirigu, chimanga, ndi thonje kungachepetse kufalikira kwa matenda; Kupopera nthawi yake zinthu zowongolera kukula monga Sujie An panthawi ya mphukira ndi boll kungathandize kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa verticillium wilt.
2. Poyamba, 80% ya mancozeb, 50% ya thiram, 50% ya methamphetamine, thiram ndi mankhwala ena adathiridwa ndi madzi okwana 600-800 kamodzi pa masiku 5-7 aliwonse kwa nthawi zitatu zotsatizana, zomwe zidathandiza kwambiri kupewa kufinya kwa thonje.
三,Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kufinya kwa thonje la verticillium ndi fusarium wilt
1. Kufota kwa Verticillium kumawonekera mochedwa ndipo kumayamba kuchitika nthawi ya mphukira; Kufota kwa Fusarium kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu panthawi ya mphukira, pomwe nthawi ya mphukira ndi nthawi yomwe matendawa akuyamba.
2. Kufinya kwa Verticillium nthawi zambiri kumayamba kuchokera ku masamba otsika, pomwe kufinya kwa fusarium nthawi zambiri kumayamba kuchokera pamwamba kupita pansi.
3. Kufinya kwa Verticillium kumayambitsa chikasu cha mesophyll ndipo kufinya kwa fusarium kumayambitsa chikasu cha mitsempha.
4. Kufota kwa Verticillium kumayambitsa kufota pang'ono, pomwe kufota kwa fusarium kumayambitsa mtundu wa chomera kufota ndipo ma internode amafupika;
5. Pambuyo podula tsinde, vascular bundle verticillium wilt imakhala yofiirira pang'ono, ndipo fusarium wilt imakhala yofiirira kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-14-2023