Udzudzu ndi matenda ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu ndi vuto lomwe likukulirakulira padziko lonse lapansi. Zotsalira za zomera ndi/kapena mafuta atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati m'malo mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mu kafukufukuyu, mafuta a 32 (pa 1000 ppm) adayesedwa chifukwa cha ntchito yawo ya larvicidal motsutsana ndi mphutsi zachinayi za Culex pipiens ndi mafuta abwino kwambiri adawunikidwa chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yachikulire ndikuwunikidwa ndi gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ndi high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Udzudzu ndimatenda akale,ndipo matenda ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu akuwopseza kwambiri thanzi la padziko lonse lapansi, akuwopseza anthu oposa 40 peresenti ya anthu padziko lapansi. Akuti pofika m’chaka cha 2050, pafupifupi theka la anthu padziko lonse adzakhala ali pachiopsezo chotenga mavairasi ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu. 1 Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) ndi udzudzu wofala kwambiri womwe umafalitsa matenda oopsa omwe amayambitsa matenda oopsa komanso nthawi zina kufa mwa anthu ndi nyama.
Kuwongolera ma vector ndiyo njira yoyamba yochepetsera nkhawa za anthu pa matenda ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu. Kuwongolera udzudzu wamkulu ndi mphutsi ndi mankhwala othamangitsa ndi ophera tizilombo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera kulumidwa ndi udzudzu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo kungayambitse kukana mankhwala, kuwononga chilengedwe, komanso kuopsa kwa thanzi la anthu komanso zamoyo zomwe sizikufuna.
Pakufunika mwachangu kupeza njira zina zokomera zachilengedwe m'malo mwa zosakaniza zochokera ku mbewu monga mafuta ofunikira (EOs). Mafuta ofunikira ndi zigawo zosasinthika zomwe zimapezeka m'mabanja ambiri a zomera monga Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Zingiberaceae, ndi Cupressaceae14. Mafuta ofunikira amakhala ndi zosakaniza zovuta monga phenols, sesquiterpenes, ndi monoterpenes15.
Mafuta ofunikira ali ndi antibacterial, antiviral ndi antifungal properties. Amakhalanso ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo amatha kuyambitsa zotsatira za neurotoxic mwa kusokoneza machitidwe a thupi, kagayidwe kachakudya, khalidwe ndi biochemical ntchito ya tizilombo pamene mafuta ofunikira amakokedwa, kulowetsedwa kapena kulowetsedwa pakhungu16. Mafuta ofunikira amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo, larvicides, othamangitsa komanso othamangitsa tizilombo. Sakhala ndi poizoni pang'ono, amatha kuwonongeka ndipo amatha kuthana ndi kukana mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mafuta ofunikira akuchulukirachulukira kwambiri pakati pa opanga organic ndi ogula osamala zachilengedwe ndipo ndi oyenera kumadera akumidzi, nyumba ndi madera ena okhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe.
Ntchito yamafuta ofunikira pakuwongolera udzudzu yakambidwa15,19. Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuwunika ndikuwunika momwe mafuta ofunikira a 32 amapha komanso kusanthula ntchito ya adenocidal ndi ma phytochemicals amafuta ofunikira kwambiri motsutsana ndi Culex pipiens.
Mu phunziro ili, An. mafuta a graveolens ndi V. odorata anapezeka kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa akuluakulu, otsatiridwa ndi T. vulgaris ndi N. sativa. Zomwe anapeza zinasonyeza kuti Anopheles vulgare ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mofananamo, mafuta ake akhoza kulamulira Anopheles atroparvus, Culex quinquefasciatus ndi Aedes aegypti. Ngakhale Anopheles vulgaris anasonyeza mphamvu ya larvicide mu kafukufukuyu, inali yochepa kwambiri kwa akuluakulu. Mosiyana ndi izi, ili ndi adenocidal properties motsutsana ndi Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Deta yathu ikuwonetsa kuti Anopheles sinensis ndi othandiza kwambiri ngati wakupha mphutsi koma sagwira ntchito ngati wakupha wamkulu. Mosiyana, mankhwala akupanga a Anopheles sinensis anali wothamangitsa kwa onse mphutsi ndi akulu a Culex pipiens, ndi chitetezo chapamwamba (100%) motsutsana unfed kulumidwa ndi udzudzu wamkazi zikutheka pa mlingo wa 6 mg/cm2. Komanso, tsamba Tingafinye komanso anasonyeza larvicidal ntchito motsutsana Anopheles arabiensis ndi Anopheles gambiae (ss).
Mu phunziro ili, thyme (An. graveolens) anasonyeza mphamvu larvicidal ndi achikulire ntchito. Mofananamo, thyme inasonyeza ntchito ya larvicidal motsutsana ndi Cx. quinquefasciatus28 ndi Aedes aegypti29. Thyme adawonetsa zochitika za larvicidal pa mphutsi za Culex pipiens pa 200 ppm ndende ndi 100% kufa pomwe LC25 ndi LC50 zikhalidwe sizinawonetse zotsatira pa ntchito ya acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ndikuyambitsa dongosolo la detoxification, kuchuluka kwa GST ndikuchepetsa zomwe zili mu GSH ndi 30%.
Mafuta ena ofunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu phunziroli adawonetsa ntchito yofanana ya larvicidal motsutsana ndi mphutsi za Culex pipiens monga N. sativa32,33 ndi S. officinalis34. Mafuta ena ofunikira monga T. vulgaris, S. officinalis, C. sempervirens ndi A. Chotsatirachi chikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo kuphatikizapo kuti chiwerengero cha zigawo zake zazikulu zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi chiyambi cha mafuta a masamba, ubwino wa mafuta, kukhudzidwa kwa zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe mafuta amasungiramo komanso momwe amachitira luso.
Mu phunziro ili, turmeric inali yothandiza kwambiri, koma zigawo zake za 27 monga curcumin ndi zotumphukira za monocarbonyl za curcumin zimasonyeza ntchito ya larvicidal motsutsana ndi Culex pipiens ndi Aedes albopictus43, ndi hexane extract ya turmeric pamagulu a 1000 ppm kwa 24 hours404 ntchito yotsutsana ndi Culex pipiens ndi Aedes albopictus43. albopictus.
Zotsatira zofananira za larvicidal zidanenedwanso pazotulutsa za hexane za rosemary (80 ndi 160 ppm), zomwe zidachepetsa kufa ndi 100% mu 3rd ndi 4th stage Culex pipiens mphutsi ndikuwonjezera kawopsedwe ndi 50% mu pupae ndi akulu.
Kusanthula kwa phytochemical mu kafukufukuyu kunavumbulutsa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamafuta omwe amawunikidwa. Mafuta a tiyi wobiriwira ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a larvicide ndipo ali ndi ma polyphenols ambiri omwe ali ndi antioxidant ntchito, monga momwe tafotokozera mu phunziroli. Zotsatira zofananazo zinapezedwa59. Deta yathu imasonyeza kuti mafuta a tiyi wobiriwira alinso ndi ma polyphenols monga gallic acid, makatechini, methyl gallate, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, naringenin, ndi kaempferol, zomwe zingathandize kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kusanthula kwachilengedwe kwawonetsa kuti Rhodiola rosea mafuta ofunikira amakhudza nkhokwe zamphamvu, makamaka mapuloteni ndi lipids30. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zotsatira zathu ndi maphunziro ena kungakhale chifukwa cha zochitika zamoyo ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mafuta ofunikira, omwe amasiyana malinga ndi zaka za zomera, kapangidwe ka minofu, malo, malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga distillation, mtundu wa distillation, ndi cultivar. Chifukwa chake, mtundu ndi zomwe zimagwira ntchito mumafuta aliwonse ofunikira zimatha kuyambitsa kusiyana kwawo kotsutsana ndi zovulaza16.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-13-2025