Udzudzu ndi matenda ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu ndi vuto lomwe likukula padziko lonse lapansi. Zotulutsa zomera ndi/kapena mafuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mu kafukufukuyu, mafuta 32 (omwe ali pa 1000 ppm) adayesedwa kuti awone momwe amagwirira ntchito yopha larvicidal motsutsana ndi mphutsi za Culex pipiens zachinayi ndipo mafuta abwino kwambiri adayesedwa kuti awone momwe amagwirira ntchito yopha larvicidal ndipo adawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ndi high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Udzudzu nditizilombo towononga zakale,ndipo matenda ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezeka ku thanzi la anthu padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikuopseza anthu opitilira 40% padziko lonse lapansi. Akuti pofika chaka cha 2050, pafupifupi theka la anthu padziko lonse lapansi adzakhala pachiwopsezo cha mavairasi ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu. 1 Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) ndi udzudzu wofala womwe umafalitsa matenda oopsa omwe amayambitsa matenda oopsa komanso nthawi zina imfa mwa anthu ndi nyama.
Kuletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndiyo njira yaikulu yochepetsera nkhawa ya anthu pankhani ya matenda ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu. Kuletsa udzudzu wa akuluakulu ndi mphutsi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndiyo njira yothandiza kwambiri yochepetsera kulumidwa ndi udzudzu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa kungayambitse kukana mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, komanso kuopsa kwa thanzi la anthu ndi zamoyo zina.
Pali kufunika kofulumira kupeza njira zina zosawononga chilengedwe m'malo mwa zosakaniza zochokera ku zomera monga mafuta ofunikira (EOs). Mafuta ofunikira ndi zinthu zosinthika zomwe zimapezeka m'mabanja ambiri a zomera monga Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Zingiberaceae, ndi Cupressaceae14. Mafuta ofunikira ali ndi chisakanizo chovuta cha mankhwala monga phenols, sesquiterpenes, ndi monoterpenes15.
Mafuta ofunikira ali ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya, mavairasi komanso bowa. Alinso ndi mphamvu zopha tizilombo ndipo angayambitse poizoni m'mitsempha mwa kusokoneza ntchito za thupi, kagayidwe kachakudya, khalidwe, ndi zamoyo za tizilombo pamene mafuta ofunikira apumidwa, kulowetsedwa kapena kuyamwa kudzera pakhungu16. Mafuta ofunikira angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala ophera mphutsi, mankhwala othamangitsa tizilombo komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ndi ofooka, osawonongeka ndipo amatha kugonjetsa kukana mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mafuta ofunikira akuchulukirachulukira pakati pa opanga zinthu zachilengedwe komanso ogula omwe amasamala za chilengedwe ndipo ndi oyenera m'mizinda, m'nyumba ndi m'madera ena omwe ali ndi vuto la chilengedwe.
Ntchito ya mafuta ofunikira poletsa udzudzu yafotokozedwa15,19. Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kufufuza ndikuwunika mphamvu yakupha ya mafuta ofunikira 32 yopha larvicidal ndikuwunika momwe adenocidal imagwirira ntchito komanso mankhwala a phytochemicals a mafuta ofunikira ogwira mtima kwambiri motsutsana ndi Culex pipiens.
Mu kafukufukuyu, mafuta a An. graveolens ndi V. odorata adapezeka kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri pa akuluakulu, kutsatiridwa ndi T. vulgaris ndi N. sativa. Zomwe zapezekazi zasonyeza kuti Anopheles vulgare ndi mankhwala amphamvu ophera larvicide. Mofananamo, mafuta ake amatha kulamulira Anopheles atroparvus, Culex quinquefasciatus ndi Aedes aegypti. Ngakhale kuti Anopheles vulgaris adawonetsa mphamvu ya larvicide mu kafukufukuyu, koma sanali othandiza kwenikweni pa akuluakulu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ali ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Deta yathu ikusonyeza kuti Anopheles sinensis ndi yothandiza kwambiri popha mphutsi koma si yothandiza kwenikweni popha munthu wamkulu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mankhwala ochokera ku Anopheles sinensis anali othamangitsa mphutsi ndi akuluakulu a Culex pipiens, ndipo chitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri (100%) ku kulumidwa ndi udzudzu wa akazi osadyetsedwa chinali 6 mg/cm2. Kuphatikiza apo, masamba ake otengedwa m'masamba nawonso anali ndi mphamvu yopha mphutsi motsutsana ndi Anopheles arabiensis ndi Anopheles gambiae (ss).
Mu kafukufukuyu, thyme (An. graveolens) inasonyeza mphamvu yopha zilonda ndi kupha akuluakulu. Mofananamo, thyme inasonyeza mphamvu yopha zilonda motsutsana ndi Cx. quinquefasciatus28 ndi Aedes aegypti29. Thyme inasonyeza mphamvu yopha zilonda pa mphutsi za Culex pipiens pa 200 ppm concentration ndi imfa ya 100% pomwe LC25 ndi LC50 values sizinawonetse mphamvu pa ntchito ya acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ndi kuyambika kwa dongosolo la detoxification, kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ya GST ndi kuchepa kwa GSH ndi 30%.
Mafuta ena ofunikira omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu adawonetsa momwe amagwirira ntchito yopha mphutsi za Culex pipiens monga momwe amachitira N. sativa32,33 ndi S. officinalis34. Mafuta ena ofunikira monga T. vulgaris, S. officinalis, C. sempervirens ndi A. graveolens adawonetsa momwe amagwirira ntchito yopha mphutsi za udzudzu zomwe zili ndi LC90 yochepera 200–300 ppm. Zotsatirazi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo kuphatikizapo kuti kuchuluka kwa zigawo zake zazikulu kumasiyana kutengera komwe mafuta amasamba adachokera, mtundu wa mafuta, mphamvu ya mtundu womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe mafuta amasungidwira komanso momwe zinthu zilili.
Mu kafukufukuyu, turmeric sinali yogwira ntchito bwino, koma zigawo zake 27 monga curcumin ndi monocarbonyl derivatives za curcumin zinawonetsa mphamvu yopha larvicidal motsutsana ndi Culex pipiens ndi Aedes albopictus43, ndi hexane extract ya turmeric pa kuchuluka kwa 1000 ppm kwa maola 2444 zinawonetsabe mphamvu yopha larvicidal 100% motsutsana ndi Culex pipiens ndi Aedes albopictus.
Zotsatira zofanana zopha mphutsi zinanenedwa za hexane extracts ya rosemary (80 ndi 160 ppm), zomwe zinachepetsa imfa ndi 100% mu mphutsi za Culex pipiens za siteji yachitatu ndi yachinayi komanso kuwonjezeka kwa poizoni ndi 50% mwa mphutsi ndi akuluakulu.
Kusanthula kwa phytochemical mu kafukufukuyu kwawonetsa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu mafuta owunikidwa. Mafuta a tiyi wobiriwira ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri ndipo ali ndi ma polyphenols ambiri okhala ndi antioxidant, monga momwe zapezekera mu kafukufukuyu. Zotsatira zofananazi zapezeka59. Deta yathu ikusonyeza kuti mafuta a tiyi wobiriwira alinso ndi ma polyphenols monga gallic acid, catechins, methyl gallate, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, naringenin, ndi kaempferol, zomwe zingathandize kupha tizilombo.
Kusanthula kwa biochemical kunawonetsa kuti mafuta ofunikira a Rhodiola rosea amakhudza mphamvu zosungira, makamaka mapuloteni ndi mafuta30. Kusiyana pakati pa zotsatira zathu ndi za maphunziro ena kungakhale chifukwa cha ntchito ya zamoyo ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala a mafuta ofunikira, zomwe zingasiyane kutengera zaka za chomera, kapangidwe ka minofu, komwe chimachokera, zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsera, mtundu wa kuyeretsera, ndi mtundu wa mbewu. Chifukwa chake, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza zogwira ntchito mu mafuta ofunikira aliwonse kungayambitse kusiyana kwa mphamvu zawo zotsutsana ndi kuvulaza16.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-13-2025