Lambda-cyhalothrin, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti cyhalothrin ndi kungfu cyhalothrin, idapangidwa bwino ndi gulu la AR Jutsum mu 1984. Njira yake yochitirapo kanthu ndikusintha kufalikira kwa nembanemba ya mitsempha ya tizilombo, kuletsa kuyendetsa kwa axon ya mitsempha ya tizilombo, kuwononga ntchito ya neuron mwa kuyanjana. ndi njira ya sodium ion, imapangitsa kuti tizilombo tomwe tili ndi poizoni tisangalale, kufa ziwalo ndi kufa, ndipo titha kugwetsa tizilombo mwachangu.Lambda-cyhalothrin ili ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika opha tizilombo, kuchita zinthu zambiri komanso nthawi yayitali, ndipo ndiyoyenera kuwongolera tizilombo towononga mbewu monga tirigu, chimanga, mitengo yazipatso, thonje, masamba a cruciferous, ndi zina zambiri.
1 Mkhalidwe woyambira
高效氯氟氰菊酯Dzina lachingerezi: Lambda-cyhalothrin;Mapangidwe a maselo: C23H19ClF3NO3;Malo otentha: 187°190℃/0.2 mmHg;Nambala ya CAS: 91465-08-633.
Mapangidwe azinthu akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1.
Chithunzi 1 Njira yopangira beta-cyhalothrin
2 Poizoni ndi zowongolera
Beta-cyhalothrin imakhala ndi kupha komanso kupha poizoni m'mimba, komanso imakhala ndi njira yopewera komanso yopanda dongosolo.Ili ndi mphamvu yoletsa tizilombo totafuna pakamwa monga mphutsi za Lepidoptera ndi tizirombo ta Coleoptera, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito poletsa tizirombo tobaya pakamwa monga pear psyllium.Zomwe zimalamulira kwambiri beta-cyhalothrin ndi ntchentche, nyongolotsi zankhondo, mbozi za chimanga, nyongolotsi za beet, nyongolotsi zapamtima, zogudubuza masamba, nyongolotsi zankhondo, agulugufe a swallowtail, nyongolotsi za zipatso, nyongolotsi za thonje, mbozi zofiira, mbozi za kabichi, ndi zina zotero. mbewu, zimatha kuteteza ndi kulamulira udzu borer, etc. Gwiritsani ntchito nyengo m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi: China, makamaka kuyambira March mpaka August;South/North America, kuyambira March mpaka May ndi September mpaka December;Southeast Asia, kuyambira December mpaka May;Europe, kuyambira March mpaka May ndi September mpaka December mwezi.
3 kaphatikizidwe ndondomeko ndi intermediates waukulu
(1) Kaphatikizidwe ka trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid chloride
Trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid (Kung fu acid) imakumana ndi thionyl chloride, desolubilizes ndi kukonza kuti ipeze trifluorochlorochrysanthemic acid chloride.
(2) Kaphatikizidwe ka mafuta a chlorofluorocyanide
Chlorofluroyl chloride, m-phenoxybenzaldehyde (ether aldehyde) ndi sodium cyanide amapangidwa kuti apeze mafuta amtundu wa chlorofluorocyanide pogwiritsa ntchito chothandizira.
(3) Kaphatikizidwe ka beta-cyhalothrin
Pansi pa zochita za organic amines, chlorofluorocyanide wacrude amakumana ndi epimerization kuti apange beta-cyhalothrin.
4 Msika wamsika wapakhomo
Malinga ndi funso la China Pesticide Information Network, kuyambira pa Meyi 20, 2022, chiwerengero cha olembetsa aukadaulo a alpha-cyhalothrin chinali 45, ndipo zomwe zidalembetsedwa zinali 81%, 95%, 97%, 96%, ndi 98%.Pakati pawo, kulembetsa ndi 95%, 96%, ndi 98% zomwe zili ndi gawo lalikulu.
Malingana ndi funso la China Pesticide Information Network, kuyambira pa May 20, 2022. Deta yolembetsa pakhomo ya kukonzekera kwa beta-cyhalothrin imasonyeza kuti pali zosakaniza zamtundu umodzi, zomwe 621 ndi mlingo umodzi ndipo 216 zimaphatikizidwa.Mlingo umodzi: 621 olembetsedwa, kukonzekera kwakukulu ndi 2.5%, 2.7%, 5%, 25g/L microemulsion, 5%, 10%, 25g/L, 2.5% emulsion yamadzi, 5%, 2.5%, 25% g/L , 50 g / L EC, 25%, 10%, 2.5% WP, 2.5%, 10%, 25 g / L kuyimitsidwa kwa microcapsule, etc. Zosakaniza zosakaniza: 216 zolembedwa, makamaka ndi Acitretin, Acitrate, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid Phoxim, Triazophos, Dextromethrin, Pymetrozine ndi zinthu zina pawiri.Mafomu akuluakulu a mlingo ndi: 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 22%, 44% emulsion yamadzimadzi, 16%, 20%, 25%, 26% EC, 15%, 22%, 30% kuyimitsa wothandizira, 2% , 5%, 10%, 12%, 30% microemulsion, 2%, 4% granules, 4.5%, 22%, 24%, 30% ufa wonyowa, ndi zina zotero.
5 Msika wamsika wakunja
5.1 Kulembetsa zokonzekera zakunja
Mlingo waukulu umodzi wolembetsedwa ndi 25 g/L, 50 g/L, 2.5% EC, 2.5%, 10% WP.
Zosakaniza zazikuluzikulu ndi: beta-cyhalothrin 9.4% + thiamethoxam 12.6% microcapsule kuyimitsidwa, beta-cyhalothrin 1.7% + abamectin 0.3% EC, thiamethoxam 14.1% + high-efficiency chlorofluorocarbon Cypending-2% halothrin 1.5 % EC.
5.2 Zogulitsa ku China
Kuchokera mu 2015 mpaka 2019, makampani 582 onse adatumiza zinthu zotsogola za cyhalothrin zaukadaulo ndi zokonzekera, ndipo kuchuluka kwamakampani khumi apamwamba kudapanga 45% ya kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse zotumiza kunja (zaka 5).Makampani khumi apamwamba adalembedwa mu Gulu 2.
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zaukadaulo zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ndi matani 2,400 / chaka, ndipo kuchuluka kwazomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ndi matani 3,000 / chaka.Kuchuluka kwa katundu wogulitsa kunja kwawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka kuchokera ku 2015 mpaka ku 2019. Chiwerengero cha zogulitsa kunja kwa thupi ndi matani 14,800 / chaka, ndipo chiwerengero chapamwamba chotumizira kunja ndi matani 17,000 (2017), ndiyeno kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumizidwa kunja kumakhala kokhazikika;pafupifupi voliyumu yokonzekera kutumiza kunja ndi 460 matani / chaka, ndipo apamwamba ndi 515 matani / chaka.
Kuyambira 2015 mpaka 2019, zida zaukadaulo ndi zokonzekera za cyhalothrin zidatumizidwa kumisika 77.Misika isanu yapamwamba inali United States, Belgium, India, Argentina, ndi Pakistan.Misika isanu yapamwamba idatenga 57% yazinthu zonse zaku China zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja.(zaka 5 zowonjezeredwa).
6 Zosintha zamsika zaposachedwa
Malinga ndi magwero atolankhani, pa Meyi 7, 2022, nthawi yakumaloko, fakitale ya kampani ya Indian agrochemical ya Bharat Rasayan, yomwe imapanga kwambiri zinthu za pyrethroid ndi zina zofananira, idayaka moto pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa boiler.
India ndi amodzi mwa opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo padziko lonse lapansi omwe si a patent padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe mphamvu yopangira zida zopangira pyrethroid, methyl betinate ndi ether aldehyde, ndizokwera kwambiri.Mu 2021, Bharat Rasayan adzatumiza okwana matani oposa 6,000 mankhwala luso mankhwala, kukonzekera ndi intermediates, amene 61% mankhwala luso, 13% kukonzekera ndi 26% intermediates (makamaka pyrethroid intermediates).Monga gawo lapakati lofunikira pakupangira mankhwala a pyrethroid, ether aldehyde ili ndi zofunikira zapakhomo zapachaka pafupifupi matani 6,000, omwe pafupifupi theka lake likufunika kugulidwa ku India.
Popeza msika wapakhomo wa cyhalothrin watsala pang'ono kutha, ndipo kampani yaku India sibizinesi yayikulu yomwe imapanga zolumikizana ndi alpha-cyhalothrin monga ether aldehydes, zomwe zimachitika pamsika wapakhomo ndizochepa, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri kulipira. chidwi ndi katundu waposachedwa.Ndemanga.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-08-2022