DEETndi imodzi mwa mankhwala ochepa othamangitsa tizilombo omwe atsimikiziridwa kuti ndi othandiza polimbana ndi udzudzu, nkhupakupa, ndi tizilombo tina toopsa. Koma poganizira mphamvu ya mankhwala amenewa, kodi DEET ndi yotetezeka bwanji kwa anthu?
DEET, yomwe akatswiri a zamankhwala amatcha N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, imapezeka m'zinthu zosachepera 120 zolembetsedwa ku US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Zinthuzi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mafuta odzola, ndi zopukutira.
Kuyambira pamene DEET inayamba kulengezedwa poyera mu 1957, bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency lachita kafukufuku wambiri wokhudza chitetezo cha mankhwala.
Koma Bethany Huelskoetter, APRN, DNP, katswiri wa zamankhwala a mabanja ku OSF Healthcare, akuti odwala ena amapewa zinthuzi, posankha zomwe zimagulitsidwa ngati "zachilengedwe" kapena "zachitsamba."
Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ena othamangitsa tizilombo awa angagulitsidwe ngati opanda poizoni wambiri, mphamvu zawo zothamangitsa tizilombo nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zokhalitsa ngati DEET.
"Nthawi zina n'zosatheka kupewa mankhwala othamangitsa mankhwala. DEET ndi mankhwala othamangitsa mankhwala othandiza kwambiri. Pa mankhwala onse othamangitsa mankhwala omwe ali pamsika, DEET ndiye chinthu chabwino kwambiri pamtengo wake," Huelskoetter adauza Verywell.
Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oletsa kuyabwa kuti muchepetse kuyabwa ndi kusasangalala chifukwa cholumidwa ndi tizilombo. Koma izi zitha kukhalanso njira yopewera matenda: Anthu pafupifupi theka la miliyoni amadwala matenda a Lyme chaka chilichonse akalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, ndipo anthu pafupifupi 7 miliyoni adwala matendawa kuyambira pomwe kachilombo ka West Nile komwe kamafalikira ku US kanayamba kufalikira mu 1999. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
Malinga ndi Consumer Reports, DEET nthawi zonse imaonedwa ngati chinthu chogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri mu mankhwala othamangitsa tizilombo pamlingo wa osachepera 25%. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa DEET mu chinthu, chitetezo chimakhala nthawi yayitali.
Mankhwala ena othamangitsa khungu ndi monga picaridin, permethrin, ndi PMD (mafuta a mandimu a eucalyptus).
Kafukufuku wa mu 2023 womwe unayesa mankhwala 20 ochotsera mafuta ofunikira unapeza kuti mafuta ofunikira nthawi zambiri samakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa ola limodzi ndi theka, ndipo ena amataya mphamvu pasanathe mphindi imodzi. Poyerekeza, mankhwala ochotsera udzudzu a DEET amatha kuthamangitsa udzudzu kwa maola osachepera 6.
Malinga ndi bungwe la Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), zotsatirapo zoyipa kuchokera ku DEET sizimachitika kawirikawiri. Mu lipoti la 2017, bungweli linati 88 peresenti ya DEET yomwe inanenedwa m'malo oletsa poizoni sinabweretse zizindikiro zomwe zimafuna chithandizo ndi bungwe la zaumoyo. Pafupifupi theka la anthu sanakumanepo ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa, ndipo ambiri mwa ena onse anali ndi zizindikiro zochepa chabe, monga kugona tulo, kukwiya pakhungu, kapena chifuwa cha kanthawi, chomwe chinatha msanga.
Kuyankha kwakukulu ku DEET nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zizindikiro za mitsempha monga khunyu, kusalamulira bwino minofu, khalidwe laukali, komanso kulephera kuzindikira.
"Poganizira kuti anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ku United States amagwiritsa ntchito DEET chaka chilichonse, pali malipoti ochepa kwambiri okhudza zotsatirapo zoopsa pa thanzi chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito DEET," lipoti la ATSDR linatero.
Mungapewenso kulumidwa ndi tizilombo povala manja aatali ndi kuyeretsa kapena kupewa malo aliwonse oberekera tizilombo, monga madzi oima, bwalo lanu, ndi malo ena omwe mumapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Ngati mwasankha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi DEET, tsatirani malangizo omwe ali pa chizindikiro cha mankhwalawo. Malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa DEET kofunikira kuti mutetezeke — osapitirira 50 peresenti.
Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chopuma mankhwala othamangitsa, CDC imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa m'malo opumira bwino osati m'malo otsekedwa. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito pankhope panu, thirani mankhwalawa m'manja mwanu ndikupaka pankhope panu.
Iye anawonjezera kuti: “Mumafuna kuti khungu lanu lizitha kupuma mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo mukalandira mpweya wabwino simudzakhala ndi vuto la khungu.”
DEET ndi yotetezeka kwa ana, koma Centers for Disease Control and Prevention imalimbikitsa kuti ana osakwana zaka 10 asadzipaka okha mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ana osakwana miyezi iwiri sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi DEET.
Ndikofunikira kuyimbira foni malo oletsa poizoni nthawi yomweyo ngati mupuma kapena kumeza mankhwala okhala ndi DEET, kapena ngati mankhwalawo alowa m'maso mwanu.
Ngati mukufuna njira yodalirika yopewera tizilombo, makamaka m'madera omwe udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa zimapezeka kwambiri, DEET ndi njira yotetezeka komanso yothandiza (bola ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi chizindikirocho). Njira zina zachilengedwe sizingapereke chitetezo chofanana, choncho ganizirani za chilengedwe ndi chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo posankha mankhwala othamangitsa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-03-2024