Mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Chiyambi

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amatanthauza mtundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amapha tizilombo, makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizilombo taulimi ndi tizilombo towononga thanzi la m'mizinda. Monga kambuku, ntchentche, mphuno, utitiri, ndi tizilombo tina pafupifupi 10000. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ambiri, komanso osiyanasiyana.

Kugawa

Pali miyezo yambiri yogawa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Lero, tiphunzira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuchokera ku mbali za momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amaphera tizilombo.

Malinga ndi njira yogwirira ntchito, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

① Poizoni wa m'mimba. Umalowa m'mimba kudzera mkamwa mwa tizilombo ndipo umakhala ndi poizoni, monga Metrifonate.

② Zinthu zophera tizilombo. Tikakhudza khungu kapena ziwalo zina za thupi la tizilombo, timalowa m'thupi la tizilombo, kapena timawononga sera ya thupi la tizilombo, kapena timatseka valavu kuti iphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga pyrethrin, mineral oil emulsion, ndi zina zotero.

③ Chofukiza. Nthunzi imapangidwa ndi mpweya wapoizoni, wamadzimadzi kapena wolimba kuti uwononge tizilombo kapena majeremusi, monga Bromomethane.

④ Kupuma mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Akamayamwa ndi mbewu za zomera, mizu, tsinde, ndi masamba ndikusamutsidwa kupita ku chomera chonse, mkati mwa nthawi inayake, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena zinthu zomwe zimalowa m'thupi la tizilombo timalowa m'thupi mwa kudya minofu ya zomera kapena kuyamwa madzi a zomera, zomwe zimakhala ndi poizoni, monga dimethoate.

Malinga ndi zotsatira za poizoni, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awa:

① Mankhwala ophera ubongo. Amachita pa mitsempha ya tizilombo monga DDT, parathion, carbofuran, Pyrethrin, ndi zina zotero.

② Mankhwala opumira. Amaletsa ma enzyme opumira a tizirombo monga cyanuric acid.

③ Zinthu zakuthupi. Zinthu zochokera ku mafuta a mchere zimatha kutseka valavu ya tizilombo, pomwe ufa wosagwira ntchito ukhoza kuwononga khungu la tizilombo ndikupangitsa kuti tife.

④ Mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kuyambitsa matenda osazolowereka a tizilombo, monga mankhwala othamangitsa tizilombo omwe amaletsa tizilombo ku mbewu, zinthu zokopa tizilombo zomwe zimakopa tizilombo ndi chambo chogonana kapena chambo, mankhwala oletsa kudya tizilombo omwe amaletsa kukoma kwawo ndipo sadyanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azifa ndi njala, zinthu zopanda poizoni zomwe zimagwira ntchito yobereka akuluakulu kuti zibweretse kusabereka kwa amuna kapena akazi, komanso zinthu zowongolera kukula kwa tizilombo zomwe zimakhudza kukula, kusintha kwa thupi, ndi kuberekana kwa tizilombo.

DchitukukoDkulunjika

① Kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse kumayambitsa ntchito za tizilombo ndi matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuchuluke. Pa ulimi, kupezeka kwa tizilombo ndi matenda kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Ngati nyengo siili bwino pakukula kwa tizilombo ndi matenda, kuchuluka kwa tizilombo ndi matenda kudzachepa kwambiri, motero kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

② Mankhwala ophera tizilombo akadali otchuka pamsika wapadziko lonse wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndipo mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi omwe akutsogolera msika wapadziko lonse wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mu 2009, mankhwala ophera tizilombo analibe 25% ya msika wapadziko lonse wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndipo North America ndi Western Europe zinali ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika, zomwe zinali pafupifupi 70% ya msika wonse.

③ Pamene makampani opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo padziko lonse lapansi akupitiliza kukula, akukumananso ndi zofunikira zatsopano, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwa zaka zambiri kwayambitsa kuipitsa chilengedwe, anthu ndi ziweto mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, anthu apadziko lonse lapansi ali ndi zofunikira zambiri kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe ndi otsika poizoni, omwe ndi otsika kwambiri, komanso omwe alibe kuipitsa chilengedwe, makamaka m'makampani opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo.