Mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Mawu Oyamba

Mankhwala ophera tizirombo amatanthauza mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amapha tizirombo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi tizirombo taulimi ndi tizirombo ta mtawuni. Monga kafadala, ntchentche, ntchentche, mphuno, utitiri, ndi tizilombo tina pafupifupi 10000. Mankhwala ophera tizirombo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwake, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Gulu

Pali mitundu yambiri yamagulu a mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Lero, tiphunzira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuchokera kuzinthu zamachitidwe ndi toxicology.

Malingana ndi momwe amachitira, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amatha kugawidwa ngati:

① Chiphe cha m'mimba. Imalowa m'mimba kudzera m'kamwa mwa tizilombo ndipo imakhala ndi poizoni, monga Metrifonate.

② Lumikizanani ndi opha anthu. Pambuyo pokhudzana ndi epidermis kapena appendages, imalowa m'thupi la tizilombo, kapena imawononga sera ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena imatseketsa valavu kuti iphe tizirombo, monga pyrethrin, mineral oil emulsion, etc.

③ Fumigant. Mpweya umapangidwa ndi kutenthetsa kwa gasi wapoizoni, wamadzimadzi kapena wolimba kuti awononge tizirombo kapena majeremusi, monga Bromomethane.

④ Kupuma kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kutengeka ndi mbewu za zomera, mizu, zimayambira, ndi masamba ndikutumizidwa ku chomera chonsecho, mkati mwa nthawi inayake, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena ma metabolites ake omwe amalowetsedwa amalowa m'thupi la tizilombo podyetsa minofu ya zomera kapena kuyamwa madzi a zomera, kusewera ndi poizoni, monga dimethoate.

Malingana ndi zotsatira za toxicological, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amatha kugawidwa motere:

① Mankhwala a Neurotoxic. Imakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje la tizirombo, monga DDT, parathion, carbofuran, Pyrethrin, etc.

② Zothandizira kupuma. Imaletsa ma enzymes opuma a tizirombo, monga cyanuric acid.

③ othandizira thupi. Othandizira mafuta amchere amatha kuletsa valavu ya tizirombo, pomwe ufa wa inert ukhoza kuwononga khungu la tizirombo ndikupangitsa kufa.

④ Mankhwala enaake ophera tizilombo. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a tizirombo, monga zothamangitsa zomwe zimalepheretsa tizirombo kutali ndi mbewu, zokopa zomwe zimakopa tizirombo ndi kugonana kapena nyambo, antifeedants zomwe zimalepheretsa kukoma kwawo komanso kusadyanso, zomwe zimadzetsa njala ndi kufa, osabala omwe amagwira ntchito yobereka wamkulu kuti apangitse kusabereka kwa amuna kapena akazi, komanso kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. tizirombo.

DchitukukoDkuyabwa

① Kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi kumayambitsa zochitika za tizirombo ndi matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Pazaulimi, kupezeka kwa tizirombo ndi matenda kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Ngati nyengo siyikuyenda bwino pakukula kwa tizirombo ndi matenda, kuchuluka kwa tizirombo ndi matenda kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, potero kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

② Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amasungabe malo apamwamba pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe ali ndi mitundu itatu yayikulu ya mankhwala ophera tizirombo, ma fungicides, ndi herbicides, omwe ndi omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamsika wapadziko lonse wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mu 2009, mankhwala ophera tizilombo adatengabe 25% pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi wopha tizilombo, pomwe North America ndi Western Europe zimasunga gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamsika, zomwe zikuwerengera pafupifupi 70% ya msika wonse.

③ Pamene makampani ophera tizilombo padziko lonse akupitilira kukula, akukumananso ndi zinthu zingapo zatsopano, kutanthauza kuti, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwazaka zambiri kwadzetsa kuipitsidwa kosiyanasiyana kwa chilengedwe komanso anthu ndi ziweto. Chifukwa chake, mayiko ali ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale zinthu zogwira ntchito bwino, zowopsa, zotsalira zochepa, komanso zopanda kuipitsa, makamaka m'makampani opanga mankhwala.