Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu ndikupereka deta yokhudzamankhwala ophera tizilombokukana kupanga zisankho pa mapulogalamu owongolera kukana ku Togo.
Kuopsa kwa Anopheles gambiae (SL) ku mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa thanzi la anthu kunayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya WHO yoyesera mu vitro. Kuyesa kwa bioassays kwa kukana kwa pyrethroid kunachitika motsatira njira za CDC zoyesera mabotolo. Ntchito zochotsa poizoni m'ma enzyme zinayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito synergists piperonyl butoxide, SSS-phosphorothioate, ndi ethacrine. Kuzindikira mtundu wa kdr mutation mu Anopheles gambiae SL pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa PCR.
Anthu am'deralo a Anopheles gambiae sl adawonetsa kuti ali ndi mwayi wopeza pirimiphos-methyl ku Lomé, Kowie, Aniye ndi Kpeletutu. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chinali 90% ku Bayda, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti pirimiphos-methyl ikhoza kukana. Kukana kwa DDT, benzodicarb ndi propoxur kunalembedwa m'malo onse. Kukana kwakukulu kwa pyrethroids kunalembedwa, ndipo ma oxidases, esterases ndi glutathione-s-transferases ndi omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale kukana, malinga ndi mayeso a synergistic. Mitundu yayikulu yomwe idapezeka inali Anopheles gambiae (ss) ndi Anopheles cruzi. Kukana kwakukulu kwa kdr L1014F ndi kukana kochepa kwa kdr L1014S alleles kunapezeka m'malo onse.
Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kufunikira kwa zida zina zowonjezera kuti zilimbikitse njira zopewera malungo zomwe zilipo kale (IRS ndi LLIN).
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa mapulogalamu oletsa matenda a malungo ku Africa [1]. Komabe, kubuka kwa kukana mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a maukonde a pabedi komanso kupopera mankhwala m'nyumba (IRS) kumafuna kuti tiganizirenso za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awa komanso kuyang'anira kukana kwa mavairasi [2]. Kubuka kwa kukana mankhwala kwanenedwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana ku West Africa kuphatikiza Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali [3, 4, 5] makamaka Togo [6, 7]. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha mavairasi m'madera omwe ali ndi kukana kwambiri kwa ma pyrethroids [8, 9]. Kuti njira zowongolera zipitirire, kuphatikiza mwadongosolo kasamalidwe ka kukana mu ndondomeko iliyonse yowongolera mavairasi kuyenera kuganiziridwa [2]. Dziko lililonse liyenera kuthandizira kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu oletsa matenda kudzera mu kuzindikira kukana [10]. Malinga ndi malangizo a World Health Organization (WHO) [10], kasamalidwe ka kukana kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa njira zitatu kuphatikizapo (1) kuwunika momwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathere, (2) kufotokozera mphamvu ya kukana, ndi (3) kuwunika momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito, makamaka kuyang'ana kwambiri momwe synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) imagwirira ntchito. Ku Togo, gawo loyamba, kuwunika momwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathere, kumachitika zaka 2-3 zilizonse m'malo otetezedwa a National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). Mphamvu ya kukana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa magawo awiri omaliza (monga, potentiators piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl trisulfate phosphate (DEF), ndi ethacrynic acid (EA)) sizinaphunzire kwambiri.
Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu ndikuyang'ana mbali zitatu izi ndikupatsa NMCP deta yodalirika kuti apange zisankho zokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka kukana ku Togo.
Kafukufukuyu adachitika kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembala 2021 m'malo osankhidwa a NMCP Guardian m'maboma atatu azaumoyo kum'mwera kwa Togo (Chithunzi 1). Malo asanu owunikira a NMCP adasankhidwa kuti aziwunika kutengera malo awo (malo osiyanasiyana aukhondo) ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe (kuchuluka kwa ma vectors, malo okhazikika oberekera mphutsi): Lomé, Bayda, Kowie, Anyère ndi Kpeletoutou (Table 1).
Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti udzudzu wa Anopheles gambiae wa m'deralo kum'mwera kwa Togo sungathe kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kupatula pirimiphos-methyl. Kuchuluka kwa kukana kwa pyrethroid kunawonedwa pamalo ophunzirira, mwina komwe kumakhudzana ndi ma enzyme ochotsa poizoni (oxidases, esterases ndi glutathione-s-transferases). Kusintha kwa kdr L1014F kunapezeka m'mitundu iwiri ya Anopheles gambiae ss ndi Anopheles kruzi yokhala ndi ma allele frequency osiyanasiyana koma apamwamba (>0.50), pomwe kusintha kwa kdr L1014S kunachitika pafupipafupi kwambiri ndipo kunapezeka mu udzudzu wa Anopheles cruzi wokha. Ogwirizana PBO ndi EA adabwezeretsa pang'ono kukhudzidwa ndi pyrethroids ndi organochlorines, motsatana, m'malo onse, pomwe DEF idakulitsa kukhudzidwa ndi carbamates ndi organophosphates m'malo onse kupatula Anye. Deta iyi ingathandize Togolese National Malaria Control Program kupanga njira zowongolera bwino kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-23-2024