Chidule cha ChiindonesiaMsika Wopangira Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo
Indonesia ndi dziko la ulimi lotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, lomwe lili ndi maziko olimba mu ulimi wamafakitale a zaulimindi ubwino waukulu wa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa. Pakadali pano, Indonesia ndi dziko lomwe limapanga mafuta a kanjedza kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, lachinayi pakupanga mpunga, lachiwiri pakupanga rabara, komanso lachiwiri pakupanga ma clove. Kutulutsa kwa mbewu zingapo zazikulu kuli pakati pa dziko lapansi.
Ponena za kukula kwa ulimi wa mbewu zazikulu, kapangidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana zachuma ndi chakudya ku Indonesia ndizodziwika bwino komanso zazikulu. Pakati pawo, madera obzala mbewu zazikulu ziwirizi, mpunga ndi kanjedza, onse apitirira mahekitala 10 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale maziko a ulimi wa ku Indonesia.
Mu 2024, dera lobzala kokonati ku Indonesia linaposa la ku Philippines, ndipo linali pamalo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Malo obzala rabala ndi chimanga nawonso anaposa mahekitala 2 miliyoni. Malo obzala koko, khofi, ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba onse anaposa mahekitala 1 miliyoni.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti malo obzala cloves aku Indonesia ndi mahekitala 500,000 okha, komabe ndi 80% ya zokolola zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ubwino wa monopoly mumakampani awa ndi wofunika kwambiri.
Ponseponse, malo onse olima ku Indonesia ndi mahekitala 55 miliyoni, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akuchita ulimi chimafika pafupifupi 30% ya anthu onse mdzikolo. Kukula kwa malo ndi anthu ogwira ntchito kumathandizira dongosolo lalikulu la ulimi. Nthawi yomweyo, Indonesia ili m'madera otentha, komwe nyengo yake imakhala yotentha komanso yamvula chaka chonse popanda nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Mbewu zimakula mosalekeza chaka chonse, ndipo palibe chifukwa cholima zomera kuti ulimi uchitike chaka chonse. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda komanso kukula kwa udzu kumakhala kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuti kufunikira kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'deralo kukhale ndi makhalidwe ofunikira monga kukhala kosalekeza komanso kolimba chaka chonse.
Poganizira za msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo padziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Indonesia kulinso pakati pa mayiko omwe ali pamwamba. Dziko lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi Brazil, komwe kuli anthu ambiri omwe amafunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha mafakitale ake akuluakulu olima soya osinthidwa majini.
Chifukwa cha minda yabwino yaulimi, Indonesia imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pachaka pafupifupi matani 300,000, zomwe zili pa nambala 3 padziko lonse lapansi. Pakati pa deta yofunika kwambiri, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Indonesia ndi okwera kufika pa 6.68, zomwe zili pamlingo wapamwamba pakati pa mayiko akuluakulu a ulimi padziko lonse lapansi. Uwu ndi umboni wofunikira wosonyeza mphamvu yamphamvu komanso kufunikira kwakukulu pamsika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Indonesia.
Pakati pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka pafupifupi matani 300,000, kapangidwe ka gululi ndi kosiyana kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwa udzu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha, mankhwala ophera udzu akhala gulu lofunika kwambiri, lomwe limawerengera 45% ya ntchito yonse. Pakati pawo, zinthu ziwiri zazikulu, glyphosate ndi paraquat, ndizo zambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito pamodzi kwa zinthu ziwirizi kumawerengera 40% ya ntchito yonse ya mankhwala ophera udzu mdziko muno, pafupifupi matani 120,000. 50% yotsalayo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ophera udzu ndi fungicides, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazachuma monga mpunga ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Mbewu izi zili ndi tizilombo ndi matenda ambiri, ndipo pakufunika kwambiri mankhwala ophera udzu ndi bowa.
Poganizira kukula kwa msika, msika wonse wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Indonesia ndi madola 4.71 biliyoni aku US. Kukula kwa makampani kukukhazikika ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti kukula kwa msika kudzakwera kufika madola 5.6 biliyoni aku US pofika chaka cha 2030, ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kokulira.
Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, makampani opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Indonesia ali ndi zofooka zazikulu mu zomangamanga zake zothandizira, zomwe ndi mwayi waukulu kwa mabizinesi akunja kuti alowe mumsika.
Dongosolo la mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'deralo ku Indonesia ndi lofooka, ndipo mitundu yochepa chabe ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo ingathe kupangidwa yokha. Pakadali pano, pali makampani opitilira 500 ku Indonesia omwe apeza ziphaso zolembetsa zoyenera, koma 20 mpaka 30 okha ndi omwe ali ndi malo opangira mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo amatha kupanga okha. Nthawi yomweyo, posachedwapa Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Indonesia walimbikitsa kwambiri mfundo zotumizira mankhwala ophera tizilombo ang'onoang'ono. Chitsanzo chakale chomwe mabizinesi amatha kutumiza mwachindunji mankhwala ophera tizilombo omalizidwa kuchokera kumsika wakunyumba sichikukhazikika. Kufunika kwa ma CD ndi kukonza mankhwala m'deralo kwawonjezeka mofulumira, zomwe zapereka nthawi yatsopano yopangira mankhwala kwa mabizinesi omwe ali ndi luso lopanga ndi kukonza mankhwala m'deralo.
Zizindikiro za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo ku Indonesia
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Indonesia kukuwonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu. Malingaliro a mankhwala, zofuna zogulira, ndi njira zopangira zisankho pa mitundu iwiri yogwiritsira ntchito ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Chigawo chachikulu chingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: chuma cha minda ikuluikulu ndi chuma cha alimi ang'onoang'ono.
Gulu loyamba lili ndi minda ikuluikulu, makamaka yomwe ili pachilumba cha Sumatra ndi pachilumba cha Kalimantan. Mitundu yayikulu ya mbewu ndi monga kanjedza, rabala, ndi mbewu zina zomwe zimakula nthawi yayitali.
Mbewu zimenezi zimakula bwino komanso zimakhala ndi tizilombo ndi matenda ochepa, kotero sizifuna mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi bowa wambiri. Komabe, kukakamizidwa kolamulira udzu chaka chonse n’kokwera kwambiri. Kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera udzu kumakhala kosalekeza chaka chonse ndipo ndi gulu lofunika kwambiri kwa ogula.
Mtundu wachiwiri ndi ulimi waung'ono wokhazikika, womwe umapezeka makamaka m'madera monga Java Island ndi Sulawesi, ndipo mbewu monga mpunga, tsabola, mbatata, shallots, tomato, ndi ndiwo zamasamba zina ndi zipatso ndizo zomwe zimayamikiridwa kwambiri.
Mbewu zimenezi zimagwidwa ndi tizilombo ndi matenda m'malo otentha komanso achinyezi. Kugwiritsira ntchito kamodzi kokha mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi zambiri sikuthetsa vutoli, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza ndikofunikira. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa unit iliyonse ku Indonesia kuli kokwera kwambiri kuposa avareji yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kumaposa ngakhale ya ku China.
Kusiyana kwa mfundo zopangira zisankho pakati pa njira ziwirizi n'kofunika kwambiri.
Choyamba, pali gulu la alimi ang'onoang'ono. Pachilumba cha Java, anthu ndi ochulukirapo ndipo minda ndi yogawanika. Malo apakati a mlimi aliyense nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwana hekitala imodzi, ndipo ambiri amakhala ndi maekala atatu kapena asanu okha. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kukula kwa minda, alimi sagula mankhwala ophera tizilombo akuluakulu kuti apewe kuwononga mankhwalawo. Nthawi yomweyo, alimi am'deralo ali ndi chikhalidwe chochepa komanso chidziwitso chochepa chaukadaulo pakulima, ndipo zisankho zawo zogwiritsira ntchito ndizothandiza kwambiri. Amaika patsogolo kuthetsa mavuto a tizilombo ndi matenda omwe alipo ndipo saganizira mtengo wonse wogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala pa nyengo yonse yobzala. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zomaliza monga phindu la ogulitsa, mfundo zotsatsa masitolo, ndi kuchotsera ndalama ndizomwe zimapangitsa kusankha kwa alimi ang'onoang'ono kugula, m'malo moganizira momwe mankhwalawo amagwirira ntchito.
Komabe, njira zopangira zisankho za minda ikuluikulu ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Madera olima minda iyi nthawi zambiri amafika mahekitala makumi kapena mazana ambiri. Njira yogwirira ntchito ndi yokhazikika komanso yokonzedwa bwino, ndipo mtengo wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo umaphatikizidwa mu kuwerengera ndalama zomwe zimapezedwa pachaka pobzala.
Pa minda ikuluikulu, mtengo wogulira mankhwala ophera tizilombo umakhala wotsika kuposa 1% ya mtengo wonse wobzala. Kugwira ntchito bwino, kukhazikika komanso nthawi yake yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa mtengo wake. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuthana ndi mavuto a udzu, matenda ndi tizilombo toononga bwino komanso mokwanira, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosolo lobzala likupita patsogolo bwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, zofunikira pa nthawi yogulira zinthu m'madera akutali ku Indonesia ndizokwera kwambiri, zomwe ndi vuto lapadera lomwe silikupezeka pamsika wamkati. Madera obzala mbewu monga Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, ndi Papua ali kutali ndi malo opangira mafakitale ku Java Island, ndipo kugawa zinthu ndi kovuta ndipo kumatenga nthawi yayitali.
Alimi ang'onoang'ono amatha kusintha nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo mosinthasintha. Ngakhale palibe mankhwala ophera tizilombo, amatha kubzala udzu pamanja. Kuchuluka kwa kulekerera zolakwika kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Komabe, m'minda ikuluikulu, njira yonse yochotsera udzu, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kukolola, ndi kupanga zipatso imakhala yofanana ndipo imakonzedwa pasadakhale. Ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo sangathe kuperekedwa pa nthawi yake, dongosolo lonse lobzala lidzayimitsidwa.
Pambuyo pochedwetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, antchito omwe adatumizidwa koyamba ku ntchitoyi adzatumizidwanso ku mapaki ena. Kampaniyo idzafunika kulemba antchito atsopano, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale ndalama zowonjezera zambiri. Poyamba, mtengo wonse wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa hekitala imodzi ya nthaka unali wokhoza kulamulirika. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ikatha, ndalama zogwirira ntchito, kukonzanso, ndi zipangizo zidzawonjezeka, ndipo ndalama zidzawonjezeka kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, minda ikuluikulu ili ndi zofunikira kwambiri kuti zinthu zophera tizilombo zigwire ntchito nthawi yake, kukhazikika, komanso kuthekera kopereka mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndipo izi ndi luso lalikulu lomwe mabizinesi atsopano ayenera kuthana nalo.
Pakadali pano, chizolowezi cha alimi am'deralo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala chawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala onse. Mwachitsanzo, madera ozungulira Jakarta omwe amalima ndiwo zamasamba monga Bandung, alimi am'deralo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala chochiza matenda ndi tizilombo nthawi yomweyo akangoyamba kumene, popanda kutenga njira zodzitetezera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mwasayansi. Kuphatikiza apo, alimi amakonda mankhwala ophera tizilombo achikhalidwe, omwe amathiridwa kamodzi kokha komanso osagwira ntchito bwino. Nthawi zambiri amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kawiri kapena katatu kuti athetse vutoli. Alimi ena amasakanizanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo ambiri okha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Izi zikufotokozanso chifukwa chake malo olima ku Indonesia ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu kapena atatu okha a dziko la China, komabe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa unit imodzi n'kokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa dziko la China.
Palinso malamulo awiri obisika amakampani omwe mabizinesi akunja amakonda kunyalanyaza.
Choyamba ndi zofunikira zotsatizana ndi zotsatira zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'mbewu zomwe zimakhala nthawi yayitali.
Mitengo ya kanjedza, nkhalango zomwe zimakula mofulumira, mphira, ndi zina zotero ndi mbewu zomwe zimakula kwa nthawi yayitali. Kukula kwa mitengo ya kanjedza kumatenga zaka 25, pomwe nkhalango zomwe zimakula mwachangu zimatha kudulidwa ndikudulidwa patatha zaka zitatu. Chifukwa chake, tikamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, sitingangoganizira za mphamvu ya kanthawi kochepa komanso tiyeneranso kuganizira zotsatira zake za nthawi yayitali pazaka zitatu, zisanu, kapena ngakhale zaka 25.
Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo amakhala ndi nthawi yotsala ya nthaka ya zaka 8. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo polima nkhalango zomwe zimakula mofulumira kungakhudze kwambiri kukula kwa mbande zina. Ngakhale mankhwala ophera tizilombo atakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri, sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'deralo. Mabizinesi amafunika kutsimikizira kuti ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito kutengera momwe mbewu zilili, ndipo nthawi yotsimikizira ikhoza kukhala yayitali ngati zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Mbali yachiwiri ndi kutsatira malamulo apadziko lonse okhudza kutumiza mbewu kunja.
Indonesia imatumiza kunja mbewu zake zazikulu monga mafuta a kanjedza, mapepala, ndi khofi kumisika ya ku Ulaya ndi ku America. Kutumiza kunja kumeneku kuyenera kutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse yoyendetsera chitukuko chokhazikika.
Pakati pawo, miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi monga RSPO ndi FSC yaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mabizinesi omwe akulowa m'gululi ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zawo zikukwaniritsa zofunikira zapadziko lonse lapansi zotumizira kunja kuti alowe mu unyolo wopereka mankhwala m'minda ikuluikulu yapamwamba.
Mwayi Wogulitsa Ndalama mu Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo ku Indonesia
Msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Indonesia uli ndi mwayi waukulu komanso mwayi wochuluka, koma uli ndi mulingo wochepa wa kukhazikika pamsika ndipo ukukumana ndi zoopsa zambiri. Munthu akalowa mumsika wa ku Indonesia, ayenera kupewa kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso komanso mwachangu, ndipo m'malo mwake, ayenera kutsatira njira yoleza mtima komanso mosamala, kukhazikitsa malo oti apezekepo, kupanga mapulani okhazikika, ndikukonzekera ntchito za nthawi yayitali.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a kuwongolera zoopsa, pali mfundo zitatu zofunika kwambiri.
Chiwopsezo chotsatira kulembetsa kwa zinthu
Pamene malamulo okhudza makampani aku Indonesia akupitirirabe kuipiraipira, zinthu zomwe zinali zovuta kale monga kuwonjezera zosakaniza zobisika, kugulitsa mankhwala oopsa kwambiri komanso okhala ndi zinyalala zambiri, ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi zinthu zosafunikira zakonzedwa mokwanira.
Zinthu zosatsatira malamulo otere zachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono pamsika.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha msika wamtsogolo ndi poizoni wochepa, wosamalira chilengedwe, wodzaza kwambiri, komanso zinthu zatsopano. Ndi okhawo omwe akutsatira malamulo, osavuta kutsatira, obiriwira, komanso ogwira ntchito bwino omwe angapeze malo pamsika kwa nthawi yayitali.
2. Zoopsa Zokhudza Njira ndi Ndalama
Zilumba za ku Indonesia zili paliponse ndipo kalembedwe ka msika kakugawikana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zokhazikitsira njira zogulitsira ndi kugulitsa. Mabizinesi omwe alowa mumsika ayenera kupewa kukulitsa kwambiri komanso kusunga zinthu mosasamala. Ayenera kusankha mosamala othandizira ndi ogulitsa, kukhazikitsa njira yowunikira ngongole ndi kuwongolera ngongole, kuwongolera mosamala chiopsezo cha ngongole zoyipa m'njira zogulitsira, ndikukulitsa msika mosalekeza.
3. Kuopsa kwa nthawi ya nyengo
Ulimi umakhala wochuluka kwambiri m'nyengo. Kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumawonjezeka kwambiri panthawi yobzala. Kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yobzala kudzapangitsa kuti malondawo ataye mtengo wake pamsika.
Mbewu zina zimakololedwa kamodzi pachaka. Ngati zokololazo zachedwa, zinthuzo zimasungidwa m'nyumba zosungiramo katundu kwa chaka chimodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zogulira zinthu zikhale zambiri komanso kuti zisungidwe, zomwe zimachepetsa phindu la mabizinesi. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera bwino njira zogulira zinthu ndiye chinsinsi chachikulu chopezera phindu.
Kutengera ndi makhalidwe amsika omwe ali pamwambapa komanso zoopsa zake, mwayi woyika ndalama zinayi zazikulu ndi njira zazikulu zopititsira patsogolo makampani ophera tizilombo aku Indonesia.
1. Tsindikani chitukuko cha zinthu zokhuthala kwambiri, zapamwamba, zatsopano komanso zosiyana siyana kuti zilowe m'malo mwa zinthu zotsika mtengo zachikhalidwe.
Zogulitsa zachikhalidwe zokhala ndi zinthu zochepa, poizoni wambiri komanso zotsalira zambiri sizikwaniritsa zomwe makampani akufuna komanso zomwe msika ukufuna. Zogulitsa zapamwamba kwambiri zimatha kuchepetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa unit iliyonse ya malo olimidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zobzala zonse zichepetse komanso kuti ntchito yake ikhale yokhazikika.
Pakadali pano, mankhwala atsopano monga kuphatikiza kwa binary ndi ternary, komanso mitundu yatsopano ya mlingo, amatha kukulitsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikuchepetsa mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Poyerekeza ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe, ali ndi mpikisano wamphamvu pamsika.
Nthawi yomweyo, kukonzedwa bwino ndi kusiyanitsa mitundu ya malonda ndi njira zofunika kwambiri kuti zinthu ziyende bwino mwachangu.
Pakadali pano, mabizinesi ambiri othandizidwa ndi China komanso am'deralo pamsika wa Indonesia ali mumpikisano wovuta wamtengo wotsika, wopanda phindu la kampani ndipo amapeza phindu lochepa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mabizinesi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito zabwino za kampani yawo, amakhala pamsika wapamwamba ndipo amasangalala ndi ndalama zambiri.
Tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chothandiza. Mumsika waku Indonesia, mankhwala achikhalidwe a carbendazim fungicides onse anali achikasu kapena imvi. Kampani yakunyumba yomwe idalowa pamsika inali yoyamba kuyambitsa chinthu chofanana ndi chabuluu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wake wapadera wowoneka bwino, idatenga msika mwachangu ndipo idakumana ndi kufunikira kosalekeza kwa zaka ziwiri zotsatizana, zomwe zidatsogolera zomwe zikuchitika mumakampani.
Izi zikutsimikiziranso kuti pamsika womwe uli ndi zinthu zofanana kwambiri, ngakhale njira yaying'ono yosinthira zinthu zatsopano ingapangitse kuti pakhale mpikisano waukulu.
2. Yang'anani kwambiri pa kupanga zinthu zakomweko + malo osungiramo zinthu zakomweko + unyolo wogulitsa zinthu zakomweko kuti mupange mwayi waukulu wopikisana nawo
Njira yogulitsira zinthu kunja ili ndi zovuta zambiri monga mitengo yokwera, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa zinthu, komanso kusakhazikika kwa zinthu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, makampani opanga zinthu m'deralo komanso osungiramo zinthu akhoza kusangalala ndi ubwino wochepetsa mitengo, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa zinthu.
Chofunika kwambiri, mu mapulojekiti ovomerezeka a boma ogula ndi mapulojekiti akuluakulu aboma opereka ma bid ku Indonesia, makampani opanga zinthu zakomweko okha ndi omwe ali oyenerera kutenga nawo mbali. Zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja sizimaphatikizidwa konse mu ndondomeko yopereka ma bid. Kutha kukhazikitsa njira yogulitsira katundu wakomweko sikuti ndi phindu lokha la ndalama komanso cholepheretsa chuma.
3. Siyani kugulitsa zinthu zokha kupita ku njira yogwirizana ya "zogulitsa + ntchito zaulimi", kuti mupeze phindu lowonjezera.
Pamene chuma cha Indonesia chikupita patsogolo, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akuchita ulimi chikupitirira kuchepa, ndipo ndalama zogwirira ntchito zikukwera chaka ndi chaka. Njira zobzala pamanja ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo zachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku, alimi am'deralo asanafike chaka cha 2019, ntchito monga kupopera ma drone ndi kukolola pogwiritsa ntchito makina sizinali zovomerezeka kwenikweni. Komabe, patatha zaka zitatu mliriwu utayamba, makampaniwa adasintha mwachangu. Kuyambira mu 2022, kufunikira kwa ntchito zachitukuko chaulimi kwakula kwambiri, ndipo alimi akhala akugula ntchito zomwe zasinthidwa monga kupopera ma drone ndi kukolola pogwiritsa ntchito makina.
Kungogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumabweretsa kufanana kwakukulu pamsika, ndi mitengo yowonekera bwino komanso palibe malo oti mitengo ikhale yapamwamba. Komabe, chitsanzo cha "mankhwala ophera tizilombo + ntchito zaulimi zomwe zasinthidwa" sichimangowonjezera malonda a mankhwala komanso chingapangitse phindu lochulukirapo kudzera mu ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ili ndi gawo lomwe likukulirakulira kwa makampani mtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-29-2026
