Imidacloprid ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo abwino kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

       Imidaclopridndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo otchedwa nitromethylene systemic insecticide, omwe ndi a gulu la mankhwala ophera tizilombo otchedwa chlorinated nicotinyl insecticide, omwe amadziwikanso kuti neonicotinoid insecticide, omwe ali ndi formula ya mankhwala ya C9H10ClN5O2. Ali ndi ma spectrum ambiri, ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, poizoni wochepa komanso zotsalira zochepa, ndipo sikophweka kuti tizilombo tipeze mphamvu yolimbana ndi tizilombo. Amatha kusokoneza dongosolo labwino la mitsempha ya tizilombo, kupangitsa kuti kutumiza kwa zizindikiro za mankhwala kulephereke, ndikuyambitsa ziwalo zofewa ndi kufa kwa tizilombo.

Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito mwachangu, ndipo amateteza kwambiri tsiku limodzi pambuyo pa mankhwalawa, ndipo nthawi yotsalayo ndi yayitali ngati masiku 25. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poletsa tizilombo toyamwa ndi kuboola.

Kuwongolera tizilombo toyamwa ndi kuboola ndi mitundu yawo yolimba. Ili ndi makhalidwe awa:
(1) Yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, yogwira ntchito bwino komanso yokhalitsa. Ili ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yolamulira nsabwe za m'masamba, ziwala za masamba ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timayamwa mkamwa ndi tizilombo toyamwa mkamwa. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kulamulira chiswe m'nyumba ndi utitiri pa ziweto monga amphaka ndi agalu. Kawirikawiri, magalamu 1-2 a zosakaniza zogwira ntchito angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mu kuti apeze mphamvu zowongolera bwino, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchitoyo imatha kukhala milungu ingapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi kungateteze mbewu zina ku tizilombo nthawi yonse yolima.
(2) Ndi yoyenera kwambiri pochiza nthaka ndi mbewu. Imakhala ndi poizoni m'mimba komanso imapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pochiza nthaka kapena mbewu ndi imidacloprid, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zabwino m'thupi, zinthu zomwe zimalowa m'nthaka zimapha tizilombo kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imidacloprid ndi zinthu zake zonse zimapha tizilombo, kotero kuti mphamvu yake yolamulira imakhala yothandiza kwambiri. Imidacloprid imathanso kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mbewu.
(3) Kagwiridwe ka ntchito yopha tizilombo ndi kapadera. Ndi mankhwala a mitsempha, ndipo cholinga chake ndi nicotinic acid acetylcholinesterase receptor mu post-synaptic membrane ya mitsempha ya tizilombo, yomwe imasokoneza kukondoweza kwabwinobwino kwa mitsempha ya tizilombo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo ndi imfa zife. Izi ndizosiyana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo achikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake, kwa tizilombo tomwe sitingathe kupirira organophosphorus, carbamate, ndimankhwala ophera tizilombo otchedwa pyrethroid, imidacloprid ikadali ndi mphamvu yabwino yowongolera. Imakhala ndi mgwirizano woonekeratu ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kusakanikirana ndi mitundu itatu iyi ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
(4) N'zosavuta kuyambitsa tizilombo kuti tisakhale ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa cha malo ake amodzi, tizilombo timakhala ndi mankhwala otsutsana nawo. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kuyenera kulamulidwa panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito. N'koletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito kawiri motsatizana pa mbewu imodzi. Mitundu ina ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo.