Mankhwala ophera tizilombo aukhondo amatanthauza mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa thanzi la anthu kuti athetse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhudza miyoyo ya anthu. Amaphatikizapo mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhudza miyoyo ya anthu monga udzudzu, ntchentche, utitiri, mphemvu, nthata, nkhupakupa, nyerere ndi makoswe. Ndiye kodi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?
Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa Mankhwala oletsa kutupa omwe timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kutupa kwa m'badwo wachiwiri. Njira yaikulu yogwirira ntchito ndikuwononga njira yotulutsira magazi m'thupi la makoswe, zomwe zimayambitsa kutuluka magazi mkati ndi kufa kwa makoswe. Poyerekeza ndi poizoni wachikhalidwe woopsa kwambiri wa makoswe, mankhwala oletsa kutupa kwa m'badwo wachiwiri ali ndi makhalidwe awa:
1. Chitetezo. Mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana m'badwo wachiwiri amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, ndipo ngozi ikangochitika, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti chithandizo chichitike; ndipo mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana m'badwo wachiwiri monga bromadiolone ndi vitamini K1, yomwe ndi yosavuta kupeza. Poizoni wa makoswe oopsa kwambiri monga tetramine amagwira ntchito mwachangu ndipo ngozi zodya mwangozi zimatisiya ndi nthawi yochepa yochitapo kanthu komanso palibe mankhwala oletsa magazi, zomwe zingayambitse kuvulala kapena kufa mosavuta.
2. Kukoma bwino. Nyambo yatsopano ya makoswe imakoma bwino kwa makoswe ndipo siivuta kupangitsa makoswe kukana kudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makoswe azidwala poizoni.
3. Zotsatira zabwino zopha. Zotsatira zakupha zomwe zatchulidwa pano makamaka cholinga chake ndi kuyankha kwatsopano kwa mbewa kupewa chinthu. Makoswe amakhala okayikitsa mwachibadwa, ndipo akakumana ndi zinthu zatsopano kapena chakudya, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zina zoyesera, monga kudya pang'ono kapena kulola okalamba ndi ofooka kudya kaye, ndipo anthu ena adzazindikira ngati zili bwino kapena ayi kutengera zotsatira za machitidwe oyesera awa. Chifukwa chake, poizoni wa makoswe woopsa kwambiri nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi zotsatirapo zina poyamba, kenako zotsatira zake zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ndi chosavuta: makoswe omwe adya nyambo ya makoswe amapereka uthenga "woopsa" kwa mamembala ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asamadye chakudya, apewe, ndi zina zotero. Yembekezerani zomwe zachitika, ndipo zotsatira za zotsatira zake pambuyo pake zidzakhala nkhani yeniyeni. Komabe, mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka m'magazi a m'badwo wachiwiri nthawi zambiri amapatsa mbewa uthenga wabodza wa "chitetezo" chifukwa cha nthawi yawo yayitali yoberekera (nthawi zambiri masiku 5-7), kotero zimakhala zosavuta kupeza zotsatira za nthawi yayitali, zokhazikika komanso zogwira mtima zowongolera makoswe.
M'makampani odziwika bwino a PMP, mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala pyrethroids, monga cypermethrin ndi cyhalothrin. Poyerekeza ndi phosphorous yachilengedwe monga dichlorvos, zinc thion, dimethoate, ndi zina zotero, izi zili ndi ubwino wotetezeka, sizimayambitsa poizoni wambiri komanso zotsatirapo zake, sizimawononga mosavuta, komanso sizimakhudza chilengedwe ndi thupi la munthu. Nthawi yomweyo, makampani ovomerezeka a PMP amayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zakuthupi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe m'malo omwe kugwiritsa ntchito pyrethroids sikoyenera, m'malo mongogwiritsa ntchito phosphorous yachilengedwe m'malo mwake, kuti achepetse kuipitsa kwa mankhwala polimbana ndi tizilombo. Fungo loletsa udzudzu Chifukwa chakuti kuchokera ku chisamaliro chamankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono.
Mitundu yonse ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagulitsidwa pamsika akhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu malinga ndi poizoni wawo: poizoni kwambiri, poizoni pang'ono komanso poizoni wochepa. Ngakhale mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe alibe poizoni kwambiri ndi oopsa kwambiri kwa anthu ndi nyama, ndipo mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe alibe poizoni kwambiri ndi owopsa kwambiri. Malinga ndi sayansi, ma coil a udzudzu nawonso ndi mtundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ma coil a udzudzu akayatsidwa kapena kutenthedwa, mankhwala ophera tizilombowa amatulutsidwa. Chifukwa chake, tinganene kuti palibe ma coil a udzudzu omwe ali owopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ali mu ma coil a udzudzu si oopsa kwambiri kwa anthu okha, komanso ndi oopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ali ndi poizoni pang'ono omwe ali ndi poizoni woopsa kwambiri ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa anthu ndi nyama; ponena za poizoni wake wokhalitsa, ndi woopsa kwambiri. Kutengera kuwunika kwathunthu kwa mayeso, zitha kuwoneka kuti poizoni wokhazikika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi woopsa kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu komanso wovuta kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-23-2023